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1.
R. bras. Saúde Prod. Anim. ; 16(3): 736-745, jul.-set. 2015. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-16182

ABSTRACT

This study observes the effects of manipulating the diet in its physical form and in cereal composition of the concentrate on sorting behaviour, feed intake, composition of milk, and degree of discomfort in dairy cows. In a commercial dairy farm with 360 mid-lactation Holstein cows (averaged 105 days), three treatments of feeding handling were applied sequentially during 120 days, each separated by periods of 30 days of resting: (1) Time of chopping of the total mixed ration (TMR): 15min (N= 180) and 23min (N= 180), (2) Physical form of the concentrate: meal (N= 180) and pellet (N= 180), and (3) Cereal composition in the concentrate: mix of corn, barley and wheat in traditional proportions (3.6:1:1) (N= 120), barley only (N= 120) and corn only (N= 120). Animals feeding TMR chopped for 23min selected less and consumed more ration, and had more milk protein and less discomfort than cows feeding TMR chopped for 15min. The physical form of the concentrate, meal or pellet, did not affect feed sorting, but the meal form resulted in greater feed intake and milk fat percentage. The type of cereal in the concentrate did not affect feed sorting but affected feed intake, milk yield and milk composition. In conclusion, it is recommended using TMR chopped during 23min instead of 15min and using the traditional mix of cereals in the concentrate (corn, barn and wheat) instead of using only one cereal.(AU)


O estudo observou os efeitos da manipulação da dieta na sua forma física e na composição de cereais do concentrado sobre comportamento de escolha e consumo do alimento, composição do leite e grau de desconforto em vacas leiteiras. Em um rebanho comercial com 360 vacas de raça Holandesa no terço médio da lactação (média 105 dias em lactação), foram aplicados três tratamentos de manejo alimentar de forma sequencial durante 120 dias, separados por 30 dias de repouso: (1) Tempo de picado da ração totalmente misturada (TMR): 15min (N= 180) e 23min (N= 180), (2) Forma física do concentrado: farelo (N= 180) e pellet (N= 180); e (3) Composição do cereal no concentrado: mistura tradicional de milho, cevada e trigo em proporção 3,6:1:1 (N= 120), apenas cevada (N= 120) e apenas milho (N= 120). Os animais consumindo TMR picada por 23min selecionaram menos e consumiram mais ração e tiveram mais proteína láctea e menos desconforto. A forma física do concentrado, farelo ou pellet, não influenciou o comportamento de escolha da ração. O farelo resultou em maior consumo e maior percentual de gordura láctea. O tipo de cereal no concentrado não afetou a escolha da ração, mas afetou o consumo de alimento, a produção e a composição de leite, com maior produção e melhor conforto usando cevada. Em conclusão, recomenda-se usar TMR picada por 23min ao invés de 15min e usar a mistura tradicional de cereais (milho, cevada e trigo) ao invés de usar apenas um cereal.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Milk/chemistry , Feeding Behavior , Particle Size , Edible Grain , Animal Feed/analysis
2.
Rev. bras. saúde prod. anim ; 16(3): 736-745, jul.-set. 2015. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1493481

ABSTRACT

This study observes the effects of manipulating the diet in its physical form and in cereal composition of the concentrate on sorting behaviour, feed intake, composition of milk, and degree of discomfort in dairy cows. In a commercial dairy farm with 360 mid-lactation Holstein cows (averaged 105 days), three treatments of feeding handling were applied sequentially during 120 days, each separated by periods of 30 days of resting: (1) Time of chopping of the total mixed ration (TMR): 15min (N= 180) and 23min (N= 180), (2) Physical form of the concentrate: meal (N= 180) and pellet (N= 180), and (3) Cereal composition in the concentrate: mix of corn, barley and wheat in traditional proportions (3.6:1:1) (N= 120), barley only (N= 120) and corn only (N= 120). Animals feeding TMR chopped for 23min selected less and consumed more ration, and had more milk protein and less discomfort than cows feeding TMR chopped for 15min. The physical form of the concentrate, meal or pellet, did not affect feed sorting, but the meal form resulted in greater feed intake and milk fat percentage. The type of cereal in the concentrate did not affect feed sorting but affected feed intake, milk yield and milk composition. In conclusion, it is recommended using TMR chopped during 23min instead of 15min and using the traditional mix of cereals in the concentrate (corn, barn and wheat) instead of using only one cereal.


O estudo observou os efeitos da manipulação da dieta na sua forma física e na composição de cereais do concentrado sobre comportamento de escolha e consumo do alimento, composição do leite e grau de desconforto em vacas leiteiras. Em um rebanho comercial com 360 vacas de raça Holandesa no terço médio da lactação (média 105 dias em lactação), foram aplicados três tratamentos de manejo alimentar de forma sequencial durante 120 dias, separados por 30 dias de repouso: (1) Tempo de picado da ração totalmente misturada (TMR): 15min (N= 180) e 23min (N= 180), (2) Forma física do concentrado: farelo (N= 180) e pellet (N= 180); e (3) Composição do cereal no concentrado: mistura tradicional de milho, cevada e trigo em proporção 3,6:1:1 (N= 120), apenas cevada (N= 120) e apenas milho (N= 120). Os animais consumindo TMR picada por 23min selecionaram menos e consumiram mais ração e tiveram mais proteína láctea e menos desconforto. A forma física do concentrado, farelo ou pellet, não influenciou o comportamento de escolha da ração. O farelo resultou em maior consumo e maior percentual de gordura láctea. O tipo de cereal no concentrado não afetou a escolha da ração, mas afetou o consumo de alimento, a produção e a composição de leite, com maior produção e melhor conforto usando cevada. Em conclusão, recomenda-se usar TMR picada por 23min ao invés de 15min e usar a mistura tradicional de cereais (milho, cevada e trigo) ao invés de usar apenas um cereal.


Subject(s)
Female , Animals , Cattle , Feeding Behavior , Edible Grain , Milk/chemistry , Animal Feed/analysis , Particle Size
3.
J Vet Sci ; 12(3): 251-5, 2011 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21897097

ABSTRACT

Blood indicators are used as a tool to diagnose metabolic disorders. The present work was conducted to study the relationships among blood indicators of lipomobilization and hepatic function in high-yielding dairy cows. Two groups of Holstein cows were studied: 27 early lactation cows and 14 mid lactation cows from four different herds with similar husbandry characteristics in Galicia, Spain. Blood samples were obtained to measure beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides (TG), and the activity of aspartate transaminase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Cows in early lactation had higher levels of BHB and NEFA than mid lactation cows. High lipomobilization (NEFA > 400 µmol/L) was detected in 67% and 7% of early lactation and mid lactation cows, respectively, while subclinical ketosis (BHB > 1.2 mmol/L) was detected in 41% and 28% of the early lactation and lactation cows, respectively. TG concentrations were low in all cows suffering subclinical ketosis and in 61% of the cows with high lipomobilization. During early lactation, 30% of cows suffered hepatic lipidosis as detected by levels of AST. Compromised hepatic function was observed in early lactation cows as shown by lower concentrations of glucose, total protein, and urea.


Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/diagnosis , Ketosis/veterinary , Lipid Mobilization , Lipidoses/veterinary , 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid/blood , Animals , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Blood Glucose/analysis , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Blood Proteins/analysis , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/blood , Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood , Female , Ketosis/blood , Ketosis/diagnosis , Lactation , Lipidoses/blood , Lipidoses/diagnosis , Liver Function Tests/veterinary , Spain , Triglycerides/blood , Urea/blood , gamma-Glutamyltransferase/blood
4.
Rev. cient. (Maracaibo) ; Rev. cient. (Maracaibo);17(5): 514-520, sept.-oct. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-548543

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar “ in vivo ” las repercusiones que tiene la adición de malato sódico sobre parámetros del medio interno, comparándolos con los resultados obtenidos al aplicar monensina sódica. Los parámetros sanguíneos estudiados fueron: glucosa, colesterol, triglicéridos, ácidos grasos libres, y las enzimas aspartato amino transferasa (ASAT), amilasa y gamma glutamil transpeptidasa (GGT). El estudio fue realizado con 13 animales, 8 de ellos recibieron malato sódico y 5 animales monensina sódica, extrayendo 6 muestras a cada animal, una toma basal (toma 1), y a los 3 (toma 2), 7 (toma 3), 21 (toma 4), 46 (toma 5) y 57 días (toma 6). Los resultados obtenidos muestran muy pocas diferencias entre ambos grupos y evoluciones parecidas, con variaciones entre grupos en el día 3 (ácidos grasos libres), día 7 (GGT), en el día 21 (amilasa) y en el día 46 (amilasa y GGT). En cuanto a las evoluciones de los parámetros a lo largo del experimento, colesterol, triglicéridos, amilasa y ASAT son los cuatro parámetros que presentan cambios estadísticos, con evoluciones similares en ambos grupos.


Effects of sodium malate addition on selected blood parameters, compared with the monensin addition were evaluated in this study. Serum glucose, triglycerides, cholesterols, free fatty acids (FFA), and the enzymes aspartate amino transferase (ASAT), amylase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) were studied. Thirteen steers, distributed in two different groups were used, one group (n=8) received sodium malate, and another group (n=5) received monensin and considered for us as a control group. Six samplings were obtained for each animal, at day 0 (before addition), and at days 3; 7; 21; 46 and 57 (after addition), respectively. Results obtained showed a similar evolution in both groups with small differences between them, at day 3 (FFA), at day 7 (GGT), at day 21 (amylase) and at day 46 (GGT and amylase). In relation with the evolution, we have seen similar statistical changes in both groups for cholesterol, triglycerides, amylase and ASAT assays.


Subject(s)
Cattle , Animals , Enzymes/analysis , Malates/adverse effects , Monensin/adverse effects , Biochemical Reactions/adverse effects , Veterinary Medicine
5.
Arq. ciênc. vet. zool. UNIPAR ; 4(2): 175-180, jul.-dez. 2001. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-306401

ABSTRACT

En una explotación industrial de ganado ovino de leche se estudia la evolución de Calcio, Fósforo y Magnesio tanto en sangre como en orina, durante gestación y lactación, para ver el efecto de cada momento reproductivo sobre estos parámetros. De forma paralela, se selecciona un lote control, observando si las variaciones apreciadas son achacables o no a la gestación, pues ambos lotes reciben la misma alimentación durante todo el experimento. El resultado muestra como en animales que reciben dietas superiores a las recomendadas por la NRC, el momento fisiológico no supone un riesgo de padecer procesos carenciales, pues el organismo es capaz de adaptarse a cualquier situación


Subject(s)
Animals , Urine , Blood , Sheep , Minerals
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