Socio-economic or environmental benefits from pondscapes? Deriving stakeholder preferences using analytic hierarchy process and compositional data analysis.

Ponds occupy a large share of standing water worldwide and play an important role in providing various ecosystem services. There are concerted efforts of the European Union either to create new ponds, or to restore and preserve existing ponds as nature-based solutions to provide benefits to ecosystem and human well-being. As part of the EU PONDERFUL project, selected pondscapes (i.e. landscapes of ponds) in eight different countries - hereafter "demo-sites", are studied to comprehensively understand their characteristics and their efficiency to provide ecosystem services. In addition, the needs and knowledge of stakeholders who own, work, research, or benefit from the pondscapes are also important, because of their capabilities to create, manage and develop the pondscapes. Therefore, we established connection with stakeholders to study their preferences and visions on the pondscapes. Using the analytic hierarchy process, this study shows that in general stakeholders in the European and Turkish demo-sites prefer environmental benefits to economic benefits, while stakeholders in the Uruguayan demo-sites rank the economic benefits higher. More specifically, in the European and Turkish demo-sites, the biodiversity benefits, i.e. life-cycle maintenance, habitat and gene pool protection, receive the highest ranking among all groups. On the other hand, stakeholders at the Uruguayan demo-sites rank provisioning benefits as the most important, because many ponds in Uruguayan demo-sites are being used for agricultural purposes. Understanding those preferences helps policy makers to address the needs of stakeholders more correctly, when considering any action or policy for the pondscapes.

Impacto de la presencia de los padresen el miedo de niños sometidosa técnicas de Enfermería / The impact of the parent’s presence on the fears of children subjected to nursing techniques

Objetivo: determinar el impacto de la presencia de los padres durante larealización de técnicas de Enfermería a su hijo, sobre el nivel de miedodel menor; estudiar la variabilidad de dicho miedo en diferentes edadesinfantiles y entre la presencia de los padres y el número de intentos necesariospara realizar la técnica.Material y método: estudio observacional analítico de cohorte prospectivoen el servicio de urgencias del Hospital de Figueres (Girona), sobreniños/as de un mes a 12 años a los que se practicaban técnicas de Enfermería,30 expuestos a la presencia de los padres y 27 no. El nivel demiedo manifestado durante la técnica se midió a través del resultadoNOC Nivel de miedo 1210. Otras variables de estudio: edad, sexo, tipode técnica realizada, intentos necesarios para realizar la técnica y motivode consulta. Se utilizaron pruebas no paramétricas de contraste dehipótesis (test de U de Mann-Whitney test de Wilcoxon).Resultados: los niños de 0-6 años experimentaron miedo frente a lastécnicas de Enfermería. La presencia de los padres no redujo de maneraestadísticamente significativa el miedo ante las técnicas. Tampocoexistía relación entre la presencia de los padres y el número de intentosnecesarios por parte del profesional enfermero para realizar la técnica.Conclusiones: los niños de 0-6 años experimentan miedo durante losprocedimientos enfermeros, no siendo así en los de 6-12 años. No se demuestrarelación entre la presencia de los padres y el miedo a que experimentanlos niños ante técnicas de Enfermería. Tampoco se evidenciaasocación entre el número de intentos necesarios para realizar latécnica y la presencia de los progenitores, hecho que puede ayudar a reducirel estrés del equipo de Enfermería, favoreciendo el vínculo padres-hijos y la relación de éstos con el profesional de la salud (AU)

Objective: to assess the impact of the parent’s presence on their childrenwhile they undergo nursing techniques, to determine the level of fear ofthe minor, to assess the variability of this fear at different child ages andbetween the presence of the parents and the number of attempts tocomplete the technique.Materials and methods: analytical prospective observational cohortstudy at the emergency service of the Figueres hospital (Girona), on boysand girls aged 1 month to 12 years who underwent nursing techniques. 30were exposed to the parent’s presence and 27 were not. The level of fearmanifested during the technique was measured through the 2010 NOCLevel of Fear. Other study variables included: age, gender, type of techniqueperformed on the child, attempts needed to perform the techniqueand motive for consultation (Mann-Whitney t test and Wilcoxon test).Results: children aged 0-6 years experienced fear when subjected tonursing techniques. The presence of the parents did not significantly reducefear to the techniques. No relationship was found either betweenthe presence of the parents and the amount of attempts needed to performthe technique by the nursing professional.Conclusions: children aged 0-6 years experienced fear to nursing procedures,that not being the case for children aged 6-12 years. No relationshipis found between the presence of the parents and the fear experiencedby children to nursing techniques. There is also no evidenceon the association between the number of attempts needed to completethe technique and the presence of the parents, a fact that might help reducethe stress of the nursing team thus favouring the link betweenparent-child and their relationship with the healthcare professional (AU)