ABSTRACT
To test the hypothesis that intensive endurance training increases CHO utilisation during hard-intensity exercise, seven competitive road cyclists (Cy) performed three 50-min steady-state exercise tests on a cycle ergometer above their ventilatory threshold (+ 15 %) over the course of a cycling season (January [ET1], May [ET2] and September [ET3]). We compared the data with the baseline values of seven sedentary controls (Sed). CHO oxidation in Cy was higher in ET2 and ET3 than in ET1 (p < 0.05), was lower in ET3 than in ET2 (p < 0.05) and was higher in Cy than in Sed only in ET2 (p < 0.05). Lactate kinematics were lower in Cy than in Sed in all conditions (p < 0.05), but in Cy they were lower in ET2 than in ET1 and higher in ET3 than in ET2 (p < 0.05). Race performance was impaired and the overtraining score was increased at ET3 in comparison with ET2 (p < 0.05). We conclude that competitive cyclists increase CHO oxidation during hard-intensity exercise over the course of a season, but show a decline by the end of the season in association with the appearance of an overtraining state. Thus, well-trained cyclists develop a CHO dependence, which is modified with training status.
Subject(s)
Bicycling/physiology , Carbohydrate Metabolism , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Calorimetry, Indirect , Case-Control Studies , Competitive Behavior/physiology , Exercise Test , Humans , Lactates/blood , Male , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The elbow is a location where algodystrophy is rarely established. When algodystrophy affects the elbow it usually does it in a secondary way, being part of a shoulder-hand syndrome. However the original affectation of the elbow, outside this context, is even more exceptional. In this work we present two cases of algodystrophy originally found in the elbow and we revise the characteristics of this location.
Subject(s)
Elbow , Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Many of the injuries suffered by today's athletes are sited in the Triceps Surae. The most common of these are the rupture of the Achilles Tendon and the disinsertion of the inferior Gemellus muscle. The clinical diagnosis is straightforward, based as it is on the sudden appearance of certain conditions: pain, disablement, haematoma, and sometimes laceration. In many cases, however, the diagnosis is not made because of the change in these conditions and the patients return to sport. Our study is based on 50 accidents, resulting in musculo-tendinous lesions, of which 14 cases were initially classed as "phlebitis", varicose ruptures, or sprains.