[Hereditary color vision deficiency: Physiology, classification, diagnosis and application to aeronautics]. / Dyschromatopsies hereditaires : physiologie, classification, diagnostic et application à l'aéronautique.

Hereditary color vision deficiency affects 9% of men and 0.5% of women. It is often unrecognized and diagnosed late, which can interfere with the professional careers of these patients. Most color vision deficiencies are related to X chromosome involvement and concern the red-green chromatic axis. They are secondary to dysfunction of an L or M cone (protanomaly or deuteranomaly) or to the absence of an L or M cone (protanopia or deuteranopia). Color vision deficiency screening and assessment can be done by confusion tests or equalization tests, but also by ergonomic tests, professional tests that assess the aptitude for a given profession.

Failure of systemic oral doxycycline in preventing ocular toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in French military personnel.

This paper describes two cases of toxoplasmic chorioretinitis presenting in two French soldiers who had been receiving oral doxycycline for malaria prophylaxis. This is despite the proven effectiveness of oral doxycycline in treating Toxoplasma gondii, the most common cause of this infection. The lack of effectiveness of oral doxycycline in these two cases most likely reflected that the ocular concentration of 100 mg daily doxycycline is too low to treat or prevent Toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis (TC). Clinicians should therefore be aware that soldiers taking prophylactic oral doxycycline are still at risk of developing ocular TC with potentially sight-threatening consequences if not treated adequately.