Tracking volcanic explosions using Shannon entropy at Volcán de Colima.

The main objective of this work is to show that Shannon Entropy (SE) calculated on continuous seismic signals can be used in a volcanic eruption monitoring system. We analysed three years of volcanic activity of Volcán de Colima, México, recorded between January 2015 and May 2017. This period includes two large explosions, with pyroclastic and lava flows, and intense activity of less energetic explosion, culminating with a period of quiescence. In order to confirm the success of our results, we used images of the Visual Monitoring system of Colima Volcano Observatory. Another of the objectives of this work is to show how the decrease in SE values can be used to track minor explosive activity, helping Machine Learning algorithms to work more efficiently in the complex problem of distinguishing the explosion signals in the seismograms. We show that the two big eruptions selected were forecasted successfully (6 and 2 days respectively) using the decay of SE. We conclude that SE could be used as a complementary tool in seismic volcano monitoring, showing its successful behaviour prior to energetic eruptions, giving time enough to alert the population and prepare for the consequences of an imminent and well predicted moment of the eruption.

Carexquixotiana (Cyperaceae), a new Iberian endemic from Don Quixote's land (La Mancha, S Spain).

Despite centuries of work, the basic taxonomic knowledge of the flora of the Iberian Peninsula is still incomplete, especially for highly diverse and/or difficult genera such as Carex. In this study, we conducted an integrative systematic study based on molecular, morphological and cytogenetic data to elucidate the taxonomic status of several problematic Carex populations from La Mancha region (S Spain) belonging to Carexsect.Phacocystis. These populations have been traditionally considered of uncertain taxonomic adscription, but close to C.reuteriana due to their morphological appearance and ecological preferences. A detailed morphological and cytogenetic study was performed on 16 La Mancha's problematic populations (Sierra Madrona and Montes de Toledo) to compare them with the other Iberian sect. Phacocystis species. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis was conducted using two nuclear (ITS, ETS) and two plastid (rpl32-trnLUAG, ycf6-psbM) DNA regions, including representatives from all species of sect. Phacocystis. We found a significant degree of molecular and morphological differentiation that supports the recognition of La Mancha's problematic populations as a new Iberian endemic species, described here as Carexquixotiana Ben.Benítez, Martín-Bravo, Luceño & Jim.Mejías. Our results reveal that C.quixotiana, unexpectedly, is more closely related to C.nigra than to C.reuteriana on the basis of phylogenetic relationships and chromosome number. These contrasting patterns reflect the taxonomic complexity in sect. Phacocystis and highlight the need for integrative systematic approaches to disentangle such complicated evolutionary scenarios.

Dramatic impact of future climate change on the genetic diversity and distribution of ecologically relevant Western Mediterranean Carex (Cyperaceae).

Anticipating the evolutionary responses of species to ongoing climate change is essential to propose effective management and conservation measures. The Western Mediterranean Basin constitutes one of the hotspots of biodiversity where the effects of climate change are expected to be more dramatic. Plant species with ecological relevance constitute ideal models to evaluate and predict the impact of climate change on ecosystems. Here we investigate these impacts through the spatio-temporal comparison of genetic diversity/structure (AFLPs), potential distribution under different future scenarios of climate change, and ecological space in two Western Mediterranean sister species of genus Carex. Both species are ecologically key in their riparian habitats, but display contrasting distribution patterns, with one widespread in the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa (C. reuteriana), while the other (C. panormitana) is a restricted, probably endangered, Central Mediterranean endemic. At present, we found a strong genetic structure driven by geography in both species, and lower values of genetic diversity and a narrower ecological space in C. panormitana than in C. reuteriana, while the allelic rarity was higher in the former than in C. reuteriana subspecies. Future projections predict an overall dramatic reduction of suitable areas for both species under all climate change scenarios, which could be almost total for C. panormitana. In addition, gene diversity was inferred to decrease in all taxa, with genetic structure reinforcing in C. reuteriana by the loss of admixture among populations. Our findings stress the need for a reassessment of C. panormitana conservation status under IUCN Red List criteria and the implementation of conservation measures.

Are Cenozoic relict species also climatic relicts? Insights from the macroecological evolution of the giant sedges of Carex sect. Rhynchocystis (Cyperaceae).

PREMISE: Most of the Paleotropical flora widely distributed in the Western Palearctic became extinct during the Mio-Pliocene as a result of global geoclimatic changes. A few elements from this Cenozoic flora are believed to remain as relicts in Macaronesia, forming part of the laurel forests. Although the origins of the present species assembly are known to be heterogeneous, it is unclear whether some species should be considered climatic relicts with conserved niches. An ideal group for studying such relict characteristics is a Miocene lineage of Carex sect. Rhynchocystis (Cyperaceae), which comprises four species distributed in mainland Palearctic and Macaronesia. METHODS: We reconstructed the current and past environmental spaces for extant mainland and Macaronesian species, as well as for Pliocene fossils. We also studied the bioclimatic niche evolution. Species distribution modeling and ensemble small modeling were performed to assess the potential distribution over time. RESULTS: Climatic niche analyses and distribution modeling revealed that the ecological requirements of Macaronesian species did not overlap with those of either mainland species or with the Pliocene fossils. Conversely, the niches of mainland species displayed significant similarity and equivalence. CONCLUSIONS: Macaronesian species are not climatic relicts from the Paleotropical flora, but instead seem to have changed the ecological niche of their ancestors. By contrast, despite their ancient divergence (Late Miocene), mainland C. pendula and C. agastachys show conserved niches, with competitive exclusion likely shaping their mostly allopatric ranges.

An Evolutionary Study of Carex Subg. Psyllophorae (Cyperaceae) Sheds Light on a Strikingly Disjunct Distribution in the Southern Hemisphere, With Emphasis on Its Patagonian Diversification.

Carex subgenus Psyllophorae is an engaging study group due to its early diversification compared to most Carex lineages, and its remarkable disjunct distribution in four continents corresponding to three independent sections: sect. Psyllophorae in Western Palearctic, sect. Schoenoxiphium in Afrotropical region, and sect. Junciformes in South America (SA) and SW Pacific. The latter section is mainly distributed in Patagonia and the Andes, where it is one of the few Carex groups with a significant in situ diversification. We assess the role of historical geo-climatic events in the evolutionary history of the group, particularly intercontinental colonization events and diversification processes, with an emphasis on SA. We performed an integrative study using phylogenetic (four DNA regions), divergence times, diversification rates, biogeographic reconstruction, and bioclimatic niche evolution analyses. The crown age of subg. Psyllophorae (early Miocene) supports this lineage as one of the oldest within Carex. The diversification rate probably decreased over time in the whole subgenus. Geography seems to have played a primary role in the diversification of subg. Psyllophorae. Inferred divergence times imply a diversification scenario away from primary Gondwanan vicariance hypotheses and suggest long-distance dispersal-mediated allopatric diversification. Section Junciformes remained in Northern Patagonia since its divergence until Plio-Pleistocene glaciations. Andean orogeny appears to have acted as a northward corridor, which contrasts with the general pattern of North-to-South migration for temperate-adapted organisms. A striking niche conservatism characterizes the evolution of this section. Colonization of the SW Pacific took place on a single long-distance dispersal event from SA. The little ecological changes involved in the trans-Pacific disjunction imply the preadaptation of the group prior to the colonization of the SW Pacific. The high species number of the section results from simple accumulation of morphological changes (disparification), rather than shifts in ecological niche related to increased diversification rates (radiation).

An integrative monograph of Carex section Schoenoxiphium (Cyperaceae).

Carex section Schoenoxiphium (Cariceae, Cyperaceae) is endemic to the Afrotropical biogeographic region and is mainly distributed in southern and eastern Africa, with its center of diversity in eastern South Africa. The taxon was formerly recognized as a distinct genus and has a long history of taxonomic controversy. It has also an important morphological and molecular background in particular dealing with the complexity of its inflorescence and the phylogenetic relationships of its species. We here present a fully updated and integrative monograph of Carex section Schoenoxiphium based on morphological, molecular and cytogenetic data. A total of 1,017 herbarium specimens were examined and the majority of the species were studied in the field. Previous molecular phylogenies based on Sanger-sequencing of four nuclear and plastid DNA regions and RAD-seq were expanded. For the first time, chromosome numbers were obtained, with cytogenetic counts on 44 populations from 15 species and one hybrid. Our taxonomic treatment recognizes 21 species, one of them herein newly described (C. gordon-grayae). Our results agree with previous molecular works that have found five main lineages in Schoenoxiphium. We provide detailed morphological descriptions, distribution maps and analytical drawings of all accepted species in section Schoenoxiphium, an identification key, and a thorough nomenclatural survey including 19 new typifications and one nomen novum.

Particulate wear debris osteolysis, acute urinary retention and delirium as late complications of hip arthroplasty.

Intrapelvic mass formation as a result of particulate wear debris induced osteolysis is a recognised late complication of cementless total hip arthroplasty. Clinical presentation typically involves hip and/or leg pain resulting in functional impairment, and obstructive urinary symptoms developing 3-20 years after surgery. An acute confusional state has never been described in this scenario. We report the case of an 86-year-old gentleman with a diagnosis of dementia brought to our emergency department with an acute confusional state. Abdominal imaging revealed a distended bladder, a large pelvic mass and a lytic lesion within his right acetabulum. Cytological and microbiological examination of fluid obtained with radiologically guided aspiration of the mass was negative for neoplasia and infection.

Cut from the same cloth: The convergent evolution of dwarf morphotypes of the Carex flava group (Cyperaceae) in Circum-Mediterranean mountains.

Plants growing in high-mountain environments may share common morphological features through convergent evolution resulting from an adaptative response to similar ecological conditions. The Carex flava species complex (sect. Ceratocystis, Cyperaceae) includes four dwarf morphotypes from Circum-Mediterranean mountains whose taxonomic status has remained obscure due to their apparent morphological resemblance. In this study we investigate whether these dwarf mountain morphotypes result from convergent evolution or common ancestry, and whether there are ecological differences promoting differentiation between the dwarf morphotypes and their taxonomically related large, well-developed counterparts. We used phylogenetic analyses of nrDNA (ITS) and ptDNA (rps16 and 5'trnK) sequences, ancestral state reconstruction, multivariate analyses of macro- and micromorphological data, and species distribution modeling. Dwarf morphotype populations were found to belong to three different genetic lineages, and several morphotype shifts from well-developed to dwarf were suggested by ancestral state reconstructions. Distribution modeling supported differences in climatic niche at regional scale between the large forms, mainly from lowland, and the dwarf mountain morphotypes. Our results suggest that dwarf mountain morphotypes within this sedge group are small forms of different lineages that have recurrently adapted to mountain habitats through convergent evolution.

Database of multi-parametric geophysical data from the TOMO-DEC experiment on Deception Island, Antarctica.

Deception Island volcano (Antarctica) is one of the most closely monitored and studied volcanoes on the region. In January 2005, a multi-parametric international experiment was conducted that encompassed both Deception Island and its surrounding waters. We performed this experiment from aboard the Spanish oceanographic vessel 'Hespérides', and from five land-based locations on Deception Island (the Spanish scientific Antarctic base 'Gabriel de Castilla' and four temporary camps). This experiment allowed us to record active seismic signals using a large network of seismic stations that were deployed both on land and on the seafloor. In addition, other geophysical data were acquired, including bathymetric high precision multi-beam data, and gravimetric and magnetic profiles. To date, the seismic and bathymetric data have been analysed but the magnetic and gravimetric data have not. We provide P-wave arrival-time picks and seismic tomography results in velocity and attenuation. In this manuscript, we describe the main characteristics of the experiment, the instruments, the data, and the repositories from which data and information can be obtained.

Validación del inventario de estrategias metacognoscitivas y motivación por la lectura;(iemml) en estudiantes de psicología / Validation of inventory of metacognitive strategies and motivation for reading (iemml) in college students of psychology

This research paper shows the results of a research that was to tailor an instrument in order to assess metacognitive processes in reading comprehension for college students. First of all, the validity of content and then the validity of construct were conducted. 27 reagents grouped in 5 factors which explained the 62.80 % of variance, was the final instrument. 1) Strategies for reading analysis (a=90), 2) Strategies for data or ideas identification (a=76), 3) intrinsic reading motivation in general (a=82), 4) Strategies for reviewing of information sources (a=65) and 5) intrinsic reading motivation of academic books (a=61). The results according to the usefulness of the inventory for diagnostic and intervention purposes are discussed.

En el presente artículo de investigación se presentan los resultados de un estudio que consistió en adaptar, para estudiantes universitarios, un instrumento que evalúa procesos metacognoscitivos en la comprensión lectora. Para esto, primero se realizó la validez de contenido y, luego, la validez de constructo. El instrumento final estuvo constituido por 27 reactivos, agrupados en 5 factores que explicaron el 62,80 % de la varianza: 1) Estrategias de análisis de la lectura (a=.90), 2) Estrategias para identificación de información o de ideas (a=.76), 3) Motivación intrínseca por la lectura en general (a=.82), 4) Estrategias de consulta de fuentes de información (a=.65) y 5) Motivación intrínseca por la lectura de textos académicos (a=.61). Los resultados se discuten con relación a la utilidad del inventario para fines de diagnóstico e intervención.

Importancia del sistema hioideo en la oclusión dental / Significance of the hyoid system in dental occlusion

Existe la tendencia de tratar al paciente desde distintas especialidades, dividiendo al cuerpo en zonas aisladas, a pesar de la correlación existente entre los distintos sistemas. En el sistema estomatognático, la mandíbula se articula en el cráneo a través de la articulación temporomandibular y se relaciona con la oclusión dental. Los huesos del cráneo y la cara, el complejo témporo-esfeno-occipital, la articulación temporomandibular, lengua y complejo hoideo, presentan una estrecha dependencia. A través de conexiones musculares, determinan actividades específicas alrededor de las articulaciones craneales, temopromandibulares, hioideas y cervicales. El sistema hioideo interviene en funciones vitales como la deglución, respiración, fonación y estabilidad postural de la cabeza. El presente trabajo tiene por objeto demostrar la correlación e importancia del sistema hioideo en la oclusión dental, en la región mandibular, valorando la observación del hueso hioides como herramienta auxiliar en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de determinadas maloclusiones.

Importancia del sistema hioideo en la oclusión dental / Significance of the hyoid system in dental occlusion

Existe la tendencia de tratar al paciente desde distintas especialidades, dividiendo al cuerpo en zonas aisladas, a pesar de la correlación existente entre los distintos sistemas. En el sistema estomatognático, la mandíbula se articula en el cráneo a través de la articulación temporomandibular y se relaciona con la oclusión dental. Los huesos del cráneo y la cara, el complejo témporo-esfeno-occipital, la articulación temporomandibular, lengua y complejo hoideo, presentan una estrecha dependencia. A través de conexiones musculares, determinan actividades específicas alrededor de las articulaciones craneales, temopromandibulares, hioideas y cervicales. El sistema hioideo interviene en funciones vitales como la deglución, respiración, fonación y estabilidad postural de la cabeza. El presente trabajo tiene por objeto demostrar la correlación e importancia del sistema hioideo en la oclusión dental, en la región mandibular, valorando la observación del hueso hioides como herramienta auxiliar en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de determinadas maloclusiones.(AU)

Importancia de la detección de interferencias mediotrusivas / Mediotrusive interference in oral rehabilitation

La odontología rehabilitadora tiene como finalidad devolver función, oclusión y estética. Al realizarla sin tener en cuenta estos criterios, podrían generarse trastornos tanto a nivel oclusal como en la articulación temporomandibular. Se ha sugerido que los contactos mediotrusivos originan alteraciones funcionales. Estos contactos se encuentran entre las vertientes internas de las cúspides linguales maxilares y las internas de las cúspides bucales mandibulares del lado de no trabajo durante los movimientos de lateralidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es difundir la importancia del reconocimiento de las interferencias mediotrusivas en las rehabilitaciones orales, como medio de prevención y tratamiento de alteraciones funcionales.

Correlación entre el índice de irregularidad dentaria y la longitud craneal anterior y mandibular en la dentición mixta temprana / Correlation lower anterior dental crowding with the anterior cranial lenght and the mandibular lenght in early mixed dentition

El objetivo de este estudio fue correlacionar el apiñamiento anterior y la longitud mandibular en la dentición mixta temprana. Se seleccionaron 30 niños, entre 6 y 9 años con dentición mixta temprana, que concurrieron a la Cátedra de Odontopediatría de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad del Nordeste (FOUNNE). Previo consentimiento informado de padres / tutores se realizó la historia clínica completa, tomas de impresión superior e inferior y solicitud de terradiografía. El índice de irregularidad dentaria se obtuvo en los modelos midiendo el ancho mesiodistal de cuatro incisivos inferiores, en mm con compás de punta seca. En la telerradiografía del perfil derecho, utilizando el análisis de Bjõrk Jarabak, con el programa computarizado CECLACOM, se midió en mm la longitud craneal anterior y la longitud mandibular. Para el procesamiento de los datos se utilizò el programa Infostat. Se calcularon valores descriptivos de tendencia central y dispersión, y el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson entre las variables de interés a un nivel de significancia P< o <0,05. Los resultados obtenidos no demostraron correlación entre la longitud craneal anterior y el apiñamiento dentario (valor P=0,53) ni entre la longitud mandibular y el apiñamiento dentario anteroinferior (valor = 0,59), como así tampoco entre la relación porcentual de la longitud craneal anterior con la longitud mandibular y el apiñamiento dentario (valor P= 0,89).

Correlación entre el índice de irregularidad dentaria y la longitud craneal anterior y mandibular en la dentición mixta temprana / Correlation lower anterior dental crowding with the anterior cranial lenght and the mandibular lenght in early mixed dentition

El objetivo de este estudio fue correlacionar el apiñamiento anterior y la longitud mandibular en la dentición mixta temprana. Se seleccionaron 30 niños, entre 6 y 9 años con dentición mixta temprana, que concurrieron a la Cátedra de Odontopediatría de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad del Nordeste (FOUNNE). Previo consentimiento informado de padres / tutores se realizó la historia clínica completa, tomas de impresión superior e inferior y solicitud de terradiografía. El índice de irregularidad dentaria se obtuvo en los modelos midiendo el ancho mesiodistal de cuatro incisivos inferiores, en mm con compás de punta seca. En la telerradiografía del perfil derecho, utilizando el análisis de Bj§rk Jarabak, con el programa computarizado CECLACOM, se midió en mm la longitud craneal anterior y la longitud mandibular. Para el procesamiento de los datos se utilizò el programa Infostat. Se calcularon valores descriptivos de tendencia central y dispersión, y el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson entre las variables de interés a un nivel de significancia P< o <0,05. Los resultados obtenidos no demostraron correlación entre la longitud craneal anterior y el apiñamiento dentario (valor P=0,53) ni entre la longitud mandibular y el apiñamiento dentario anteroinferior (valor = 0,59), como así tampoco entre la relación porcentual de la longitud craneal anterior con la longitud mandibular y el apiñamiento dentario (valor P= 0,89).(AU)

Canino superior retenido: su recuperación ortodóncica-quirúrgica / Impacted upper canine: its orthodontic-surgical recuperation

En el artículo se mencionan las causas que pueden ocasionar retención de los caninos, destacando la importancia de su conservación dado el papel que desempeña en la oclusión funcional y en la estética. Considera los puntos a tener en cuenta para la decisión a adoptar ante la presencia de un canino retenido. Relata la secuencia recomendada, si se decide su liberación y recolocación en el arco dental, para después presentar un caso clínico en el que se logró recuperar la pieza dentaria retenida restableciendo la función y la estética en el sector anterior de la arcada dentaria.

Canino superior retenido: su recuperación ortodóncica-quirúrgica / Impacted upper canine: its orthodontic-surgical recuperation

En el artículo se mencionan las causas que pueden ocasionar retención de los caninos, destacando la importancia de su conservación dado el papel que desempeña en la oclusión funcional y en la estética. Considera los puntos a tener en cuenta para la decisión a adoptar ante la presencia de un canino retenido. Relata la secuencia recomendada, si se decide su liberación y recolocación en el arco dental, para después presentar un caso clínico en el que se logró recuperar la pieza dentaria retenida restableciendo la función y la estética en el sector anterior de la arcada dentaria.(AU)

¿Es posible predecir la retención de terceros molares inferiores? / Is it possible to predict lower third molars impaction?

La presente revisión trata de una preocupación constante para los odontólogos: determinar la posibilidad de pronosticar la erupción del tercer molar inferior en posición adecuada sobre su conservación o extracción. Las mediciones frecuentemente utilizadas para predecir la erupción del tercer molar inferior se basane n determinar la cantidad de espacio disponible y la dirección que presenta en el momento de su erupción dicha pieza dentaria, las que se recomienda realizar después de los 13 o 14 años, debido a la dificultad de determinar la angulación del tercer molar antes de esa edad

¿Es posible predecir la retención de terceros molares inferiores? / Is it possible to predict lower third molars impaction?

La presente revisión trata de una preocupación constante para los odontólogos: determinar la posibilidad de pronosticar la erupción del tercer molar inferior en posición adecuada sobre su conservación o extracción. Las mediciones frecuentemente utilizadas para predecir la erupción del tercer molar inferior se basane n determinar la cantidad de espacio disponible y la dirección que presenta en el momento de su erupción dicha pieza dentaria, las que se recomienda realizar después de los 13 o 14 años, debido a la dificultad de determinar la angulación del tercer molar antes de esa edad (AU)