Efectividad de la vacuna antigripal para prevenir casos graves de gripe. Temporada 2022/2023 / Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in preventing severe cases of influenza: Season 2022/2023

Introducción: La gripe supone una importante carga en términos de morbimortalidad, siendo la vacunación una de las medidas más efectivas para su prevención. Por lo que el objetivo de este estudio es conocer la efectividad de la vacuna antigripal para prevenir casos de gripe grave en los pacientes ingresados en un hospital de tercer nivel durante la temporada 2022/23. Metodología: Estudio de casos y controles. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes hospitalizados con resultado positivo en una RT-PCR de gripe. Se consideró caso a aquellos que cumplieron criterio de caso grave (neumonía, sepsis, fallo multiorgánico, ingreso en la UCI o exitus). Quienes no los cumplían se consideraron controles. Se calculó la efectividad vacunal (EV) para prevenir los casos graves y su intervalo de confianza al 95%. Resultados: Un total de 403 pacientes ingresaron con gripe confirmada. Noventa y ocho (24,3%) de ellos desarrollaron gripe grave. Del total, el 50,6% fueron varones y el 47,1% fueron mayores de 65 años. La EV ajustada por tipo de gripe, edad y ciertas comorbilidades fue del 40,6% (−21,9-71,1). En un análisis segmentado, la vacuna de la gripe resultó efectiva para la prevención de los casos graves en todas las categorías. Resultó especialmente relevante en el grupo de 65 años o más (EVa=60,9%; −2,0-85,0) y en los pacientes con gripe A (EVa=56,7%; 1,5-80,9). Conclusiones: La vacunación antigripal redujo notablemente la aparición de casos graves de gripe en los pacientes hospitalizados, por tanto, sigue siendo la principal estrategia para reducir la morbimortalidad y los costes asociados.(AU)

Introduction: Influenza poses a significant burden in terms of morbidity and mortality, with vaccination being one of the most effective measures for its prevention. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in preventing cases of severe influenza in patients admitted to a tertiary hospital during the 2022/23 season. Methods: Case-control study. All hospitalised patients with a positive result in an RT-PCR for influenza were included. Those who met the criteria for a severe case (pneumonia, sepsis, multi-organ failure, admission to ICU or exitus) were considered cases. Those who did not meet these criteria were considered controls. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) to prevent severe cases and its 95% confidence interval were calculated. Results: A total of 403 patients were admitted with confirmed influenza. Of these, 98 (24.3%) developed severe influenza. Of the total, 50.6% were men and 47.1% were over 65 years of age. VE adjusted for influenza type, age and certain comorbidities was 40.6% (−21.9 to 71.1). In a segmented analysis, influenza vaccine was effective in preventing severe cases in all categories. It was particularly relevant in the 65+ age group (VEa=60.9%; −2.0 to 85.0) and in patients with influenza A (VEa=56.7%; 1.580.9). Conclusion: Influenza vaccination markedly reduced the occurrence of severe cases of influenza in hospitalised patients, therefore, it remains the main strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality and associated costs.(AU)

Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in preventing severe cases of influenza: Season 2022/2023.

INTRODUCTION: Influenza poses a significant burden in terms of morbidity and mortality, with vaccination being one of the most effective measures for its prevention. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in preventing cases of severe influenza in patients admitted to a tertiary hospital during the 2022/23 season. METHODS: Case-control study. All hospitalised patients with a positive result in an RT-PCR for influenza were included. Those who met the criteria for a severe case (pneumonia, sepsis, multi-organ failure, admission to ICU or exitus) were considered cases. Those who did not meet these criteria were considered controls. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) to prevent severe cases and its 95% confidence interval were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 403 patients were admitted with confirmed influenza. Of these, 98 (24.3%) developed severe influenza. Of the total, 50.6% were men and 47.1% were over 65 years of age. VE adjusted for influenza type, age and certain comorbidities was 40.6% (-21.9 to 71.1). In a segmented analysis, influenza vaccine was effective in preventing severe cases in all categories. It was particularly relevant in the 65+ age group (VEa = 60.9%; -2.0 to 85.0) and in patients with influenza A (VEa = 56.7%; 1.5-80.9). CONCLUSION: Influenza vaccination markedly reduced the occurrence of severe cases of influenza in hospitalised patients, therefore, it remains the main strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality and associated costs.