Bond strength comparison of a fiber-reinforced composite resin: Different dentin conditions and preparation techniques.

This study aimed to compare the bond strength of a fiber-reinforced composite resin with traditional and bulk-fill composite resins under different dentin conditions and preparation techniques. Eighty molar teeth, excluding the mesio-distal half of the occlusal dentin surfaces of each teeth, were isolated with acid-resistant nail varnish and stored in a demineralisation solution (pH 4.5). After mechanical removal of the varnish, the teeth were buried in acrylic resin blocks. In every composite resin group, one-half of the specimens were prepared with a diamond bur and another half with Er: YAG laser. Then, the specimens were divided into four groups of composite resins (Filtek Z250, G-aenial Posterior, SonicFill 2, Ever X Posterior) (n = 10). Shear bond strengths were measured using a universal testing device, and failure types were determined with stereomicroscope images. SEM images were obtained at 1000× magnification. Data were analyzed using a three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Bonferroni correction was used for multiple comparisons (p = .05). Differences in the dentin surface affected the bond strength results (p < .05), whereas there was no significant difference between cavity preparation methods (p > .05). EverX Posterior showed the highest bond strength results. Within the limitations of this study, fiber-reinforced composite resin exhibited successful bond strength results in addition to improved mechanical properties. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Fiber-reinforced composite had successful bond strength values. Bond strength values of sound dentin groups were higher than those of caries-affected dentin groups. The use of an Er: YAG laser for preparation did not lead to insufficient bond strength results.

Association of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) L55M and PON1 Q192R gene polymorphisms and risk of psoriasis.

BACKGROUND: Although there have been significant advances for clarifying the pathogenesis of psoriasis, exact pathogenic mechanism of the disease is still unknown. Oxidative stress is considered to be a new etiopathogenetic key factor in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, as a result of the studies performing the association between psoriasis and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity. In this study, we aimed to examine the possible associations between the both PON1 L55M and PON1 Q192R polymorphisms and psoriasis susceptibility and disease progression in Turkish population. METHODS: The study group consisted of 100 unrelated patients with psoriasis and 153 unrelated healthy controls with no psoriatic lesions in their personal history or on clinical examination. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes from EDTA-anticoagulated blood using the High Pure Polymerase Chain Reaction Template Preparation Kit. To identify PON1 L55M and Q192R single-nucleotide polymorphisms, genotyping was performed using commercially synthesized primers and fluorescently labeled probes and the LightCycler 480 II Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction System. The genotyping method was based on methods developed previously for genotyping both PON1 55 and 192 polymorphisms using LightCycler real-time polymerase chain reaction technology, which relies on fluorescence resonance energy transfer. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the PON1 L55M genotype distributions and allele frequencies of the psoriasis patients and the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between distributions of the genotype or allele frequencies of the PON1 Q192R of the patient groups and control subjects (P=0.0018 and P=0.0001, respectively). PON192Q/R polymorphisms have been found to be associated with susceptibility to psoriasis. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report simultaneously investigating the possible associations between the PON1 L55M and PON1 Q192R polymorphisms and psoriasis susceptibility and disease progression in Turkish population. We provide evidence that PON1 Q192R polymorphisms may have an effect on the risk of psoriasis in the Turkish population.

The Effects of Oral 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors on Penile Intracavernosal Pressures and Penile Morphology in Rat Model.

PURPOSE: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and erectile dysfunction (ED) are urological diseases which affect more than 50 % of men older than 50 years of age. It has been reported that 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) used in clinical studies for the treatment of BPH caused ED in 0.8-15.8% of the patients. The aim of this study is evaluation of the effects of oral finasteride and dutasteride on penile intracavernosal pressures and penile morphology in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty Wistar Albino strain male rats were randomized into control (n = 10), finasteride (n = 10), and dutasteride (n = 10) groups. After 8 weeks of treatment erectile responses were evaluated in all rats measuring intracavernosal pressure (ICP) changes during erectile responses to cavernosal nerve electrical stimulation. Serum hormone levels were studied and all rats underwent prostatectomy and penectomy. All tissue samples were examined histomorphologically and a semiquantitative scoring system was used for cavernosal tissue collagen density grading. One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis and P < .05 was accepted as the level of statistical significance. For two group comparisons Tukey HSD test was used as post hoc test of one way analysis of variance. RESULTS: Approximately 50% decrease was seen in mean ICPs in the finasteride and dutasteride groups compared to the control group for all voltages (2.5 V, 5 V. 7.5 V). Mean ICPs for 7.5 V were 62.17 ± 30.89mmHg in control group, 35.27 ± 31.94 in the finasteride, and 36.01 ± 19.20mmHg in the dutasteride group. But regarding ICPs there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (P > .05). The serum testosterone (T) concentrations were higher in treatment groups (P < .001). Serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations were not significantly different between the groups. As a result of histomorphological studies, a statistically significant increase in cavernosal tissue collagen density, and marked atrophic changes in prostatic epithelial tissues were observed in the treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Although 5-ARIs cause marked atrophic changes in prostatic epithelial tissues, and prominent collagen deposition in penile cavernosal tissues, no significant effect on penile ICPs was seen in this study. The failure to show a statistically significant difference was attributed to higher standard deviations of ICP values. If sample size and duration of the treatment are increased, statistically significant results in ICPs may be reached. The penile morphology evaluation results point to a negative effect of 5-ARIs on erectile function.

Comparison of serum biochemical markers in patients with mesothelioma and pleural plaques versus healthy individuals exposed to environmental asbestos.

BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to compare serum biochemical markers in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma and pleural plaques versus healthy individuals exposed to environmental asbestos. METHODS: Between September 01, 2010 and March 31, 2011, a total of 540 participants (354 males, 186 females; mean age 61.4 years; range, 35 to 89 years) were included in the study. The participants were divided into four groups as follows: (1) patients with pleural plaques (n=277); (2) healthy individuals with normal chest X-rays who were exposed to environmental asbestos (n=121); (3) healthy individuals with normal chest X-rays who were not exposed to environmental asbestos (n=118); and (4) patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (n=24). Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen, cancer antigen 125, 15-3, 19-9, free T3, free T4, thyroidstimulating hormone, vitamin B12, folate, and ferritin were measured. RESULTS: Serum cancer antigen 125, 15-3, folic acid, vitamin B12, and ferritin levels were higher with lower free T3 levels in Group 4 than the other groups. The areas under the curve for cancer antigen 125 and 15-3 were 0.78 and 0.67, respectively in the differential diagnosis of mesothelioma from other pathologies (p<0.001 for both). Optimal limits of these biomarkers were 13.63 and 18.43 ng/mL, respectively with 83% and 75% sensitivity and 69% and 48% specificity, respectively. CONCLUSION: The combination or individual use of serum cancer antigen 125, 15-3, folic acid, vitamin B12, and ferritin levels may be helpful for early diagnosis and treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Oxytocin for preventing injury due to testicular torsion/detorsion in rats.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of oxytocin on the testes for treating ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS: A total of 24 male Wistar albino rats weighing 250-320 g were used. The rats were randomized into three groups of eight rats. Group 1 was assessed as the control group. In Group 2 rats, testicular torsion was first performed, followed by testicular detorsion to induce reperfusion injury. In Group 3, following testicular torsion and detorsion, oxytocin was administered before inducing reperfusion. Testicular tissues were histologically evaluated, spermatogenic parameters were assessed using the Johnsen scoring system, and the mean Johnsen score was calculated. RESULTS: Histological tests revealed significantly different results between the testicular torsion group and the oxytocin-treated torsion and control groups as well as between the oxytocin-treated torsion group and the control and testicular torsion groups (p=0.010 and 0.012, respectively). Biochemical test results revealed that superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels were significantly lower in Group 2 than in Group 1 (p=0.007 and 0.007, respectively). Malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels were significantly lower in Group 3 than in Group 2 (p=0.017 and 0.014, respectively). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that oxytocin can be considered as an alternative agent for treating testicular torsion in clinical practice to minimize tissue damage.

Oxidative Stress And Prolidase Enzyme Activity In The Pathogenesis Of Primary Varicose Veins.

Objectives Vascular endothelial dysfunction leads to the emerging of free oxygen radicals, deficiency of antioxidant system, forming of oxidative stress, inflammatory processes and release of proinflammatory cytokines. These things play big role in the development of primary varicose veins. Prolidase has been reported as an indicator of oxidative stress in diabetes, diabetic neuropathy, non-ulcerous dyspepsia, osteoporosis, polycystic over syndrome and many other diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the oxidative stress at venous insufficiency and to provide preliminary knowledge about the role of prolidase enzyme in varicose vein formation. Methods Ninety patients aged between 22 and 80 (47.35 ± 17.69) were included in the study and divided into 3 groups. Group1(n:30)(Serum control group): Patients without venous insufficiency. Group 2(n:30)(Tissue control group(healthy vein group): Patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery (the remaining portion of great saphenous vein used as coronary artery bypass graft used as normal tissue) . Group 3(n:30)(Varicose vein group): Patients underwent varicose vein surgery (varicose vein and serum of these patients were used for study). Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) and Prolidase enzyme levels were detected in tissue and serum samples. Results No significant changes were detected between three groups' serum samples in oxidative stress parameters and in the prolidase enzyme activity. The tissue TOS and OSI were higher in varicose vein group according to normal vein group and this was found statistically significant. And TAC levels in varicose vein group were significantly lower than normal vein group. Prolidase enzyme activity in varicose vein group was found higher according to normal vein group. Conclusion Oxidative stress plays a role at the development of primary varicose veins at biochemical level. Prolidase enzyme related with oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of primary varicose veins.

Assessment of local and systemic 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, RANKL, OPG, and TNF levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis.

The present study aimed to evaluate proinflammatory cytokine and vitamin D levels in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and chronic periodontitis (CP) patients and healthy individuals before and after initial periodontal treatment. Overall, 17 CP patients with RA (RA + CP), 18 systemically healthy CP patients (CP), and 18 healthy controls (C) were included. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and blood samples were recorded. RA + CP and CP patients received nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Vitamin D, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, receptor activator of nuclear factor-KB ligand (RANKL), and OPG levels were determined in GCF and serum. Baseline clinical parameters were similar in all periodontitis groups (P > 0.05) but were higher than that in controls (P < 0.05). Periodontal treatment improved clinical parameters in all periodontitis groups (P < 0.05). GCF vitamin D levels were higher in RA + CP and CP groups than in healthy controls, but these levels decreased in the RA + CP group after periodontal treatment (P < 0.05). Serum RANKL and GCF TNF-α levels in RA patients decreased after periodontal treatment (P < 0.05). Within the limitations of this study, the results suggested that GCF vitamin D levels are increased in RA patients and decrease after periodontal treatment; therefore, local vitamin D levels might be an important indicator of periodontal bone loss.

Effect of bevacizumab on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of intraperitoneally administered bevacizumab on colitis induced by acetic acid. METHODS: An experimental model of acetic acid-induced colitis was introduced in rats. After the induction of colitis, bevacizumab was administered intraperitoneally at two different daily doses of low (2.5 mg/kg) or high (5 mg/kg) concentration. Control groups were included for colitis and bevacizumab. After 7 d, the rats were sacrificed, and colonic tissues were harvested for macroscopic and microscopic examination of colonic damage. Tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß), IL-6, myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, glutathione, and superoxidismutase values were measured biochemically. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant macroscopic improvement in damage to the colon tissues (P > 0.05). The severity of inflammation was significantly reduced (0.98 ± 0.22) in the low-dose bevacizumab-treated rat group compared with the control group (P < 0.001). The decrease in the inflammation score in the high-dose bevacizumab-treated rat group was not statistically significant (1.40 ± 0.33). In addition, although there was no significant change in the myeloperoxidase levels biochemically, IL-6 and malondialdehyde levels decreased in the low-dose treatment group (P = 0.014, P = 0.002, respectively). A significant decrease was found at both treatment doses in IL-1ß (P < 0.001, P = 0.010), tumor necrosis factor alpha (P < 0.001, P = 0.015), superoxidismutase (P = 0.046, P = 0.011), and glutathione (P = 0.012 and P < 0.001) levels. CONCLUSIONS: Both treatment doses of bevacizumab were observed to have a protective effect in an experimental colitis model, and the dosage of 2.5 mg/kg bevacizumab was found to have a more prominent effect.

Effects of sevoflurane on female reproductive functions in Wistar rats.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of sevoflurane by inhalation on female reproductive hormones and ovarian tissues. METHODS: This experimental study was conducted at the Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey, and comprised Wistar-Albino female rats. The rats were divided into six groups; one control and five study groups. The control group (C) received 2 L/min O2 in 18 min/day for seven days; the first study group (S1) received 1 minimum alveolar concentration sevoflurane + 2 L/min O2 in 18 min/day for seven days; the second group (S2) received 1 minimum alveolar concentration sevoflurane + 2 L/min O2 in 18 min/day for seven days and no treatment for the following seven days; the third group (S3) received 1 minimum alveolar concentration sevoflurane + 2 L/min O2 in 18 min/day for 14 days; the fourth group (S4) received 1 minimum alveolar concentration sevoflurane + 2 L/min O2 in 18 min/day for 14 days and no treatment for the following seven days; and the fifth group (S5) received 1 minimum alveolar concentration sevoflurane + 2 L/min O2 in 18 min/day for 14 days and no treatment for the following 14 days. The duration of the study was 28 days in February 2015. Reproductive system hormone levels were analysed and histological assessment of the ovaries was performed. SPSS 20 was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Of the 30 rats, there were 5(16.7%) in each group. Histological injury scores in S2, S3, S4, and S5 were significantly higher than in C (p=0.016, p=0.008, p=0.016 and p=0.032, respectively). The hormone levels belonging to follicle stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, estradiol and progesterone revealed significant alterations in all groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Chronic exposure to sevoflurane negatively affected the histological structure of the ovary and hormonal regulation.

The Protective Effect of Curcumin on a Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Model.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to investigate the neurological, biochemical, and histopathologic effects of both the acute and maintenance treatment of curcumin on an experimental spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury model in rats. METHODS: The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: (1) Sham, (2) ischemia-reperfusion (IR), (3) curcumin, and (4) solvent. Spinal cord ischemia was induced by clamping the aorta with minivascular clamps at a position just below the left renal artery and just proximal to the aortic bifurcation for 45 min. After 72 hr of reperfusion, neurological function was evaluated with a modified Tarlov score. In spinal cords, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and nitric oxide (NO) levels were detected biochemically. Immunohistochemical staining was performed by antibodies against interleukin-6 (IL-6) and myeloperoxidase. Histopathologic changes were examined with hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS: Although MDA tissue levels were elevated significantly in the IR group compared with the sham group, SOD and GPx levels decreased. After the administration of curcumin, MDA levels in the spinal cord decreased, and SOD and GPx levels increased. Those changes were statistically significant. There was no significance at NO levels. Among all groups, there was no difference in IL-6 and myeloperoxidase immunostaining. Histopathological analysis showed that histopathological changes in the IR group were improved by curcumin treatment. In the curcumin group, neurological outcome scores were significantly better statistically when compared with the IR group. CONCLUSION: We believe that curcumin possesses antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anticarcinogenic properties and may be an effective drug for the prevention of spinal cord IR injury in light of the neurologic, biochemical, and histopathological data of this study and published scientific literature.

The oxidative/anti-oxidative effects of sevoflurane on reproductive system of females: An experimental study.

OBJECTIVE: A permanent balance exists between the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species in all living organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sevoflurane possibly causing an imbalance in the equation of reactive oxygen species on the female rat reproductive system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 adult female Wistar-albino rats were placed into an anesthesia chamber to administer sevoflurane. Rats were randomly divided into six groups, each group consisting of five rats: the control group received 2 L/min O2 18 min/day for seven days; the first group received 1 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane and 2 L/min O2 18 min/day for seven days; the second group received 1 MAC of sevoflurane and 2 L/min O2 18 min/day for seven days with no treatment for the next seven days; the third group received 1 MAC of sevoflurane and 2 L/min O2 18 min/day for 14 days; the fourth group received 1 MAC of sevoflurane and 2 L/min O2 18 min/day for 14 days with no treatment for the next seven days; and the fifth group received 1 MAC of sevoflurane and 2 L/min O2 18 min/day for 14 days with no treatment for the next 14 days. Bilateral ovaries were subsequently removed for biochemical analysis of tissue anti-oxidative enzyme levels. RESULTS: Slight fluctuations were detected in mean nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2-alpha, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, alginate dialdehyde, and xanthine oxidase levels between the groups; however, the differences were not significant (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Sevoflurane has no effect on the activity of anti-oxidant systems in the rat ovary.

Single nucleotide polymorphism of adiponectin +276 G/T is associated with the susceptibility to essential hypertension in a Turkish population.

BACKGROUND: It is well known that arterial stiffness is associated with hypertension. Recent studies have shown that adiponectin +276 G/T, ACE I/D, AGTR1 A1166C, and eNOS E298D polymorphisms are likely to be risk factors for arterial stiffness. In this study, we aimed to investigate possible associations between these single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and essential hypertension in a Turkish population. METHODS: The study population consisted of 170 patients who were diagnosed with essential hypertension and 170 sex- and age-matched controls. Genotyping of adiponectin +276 G/T, ACE I/D, AGTR1 A1166C, and eNOS E298D SNPs were performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction and commercially produced kits. RESULTS: The percentage of the adiponectin +276 T allele carriers was significantly higher in the patients with hypertension (33%) than in the controls (25%, p < 0.011). Through multiple logistic regression analysis, the adiponectin +276 T allele carrier was found to be associated with an increased risk of hypertension (TT vs. GG and TG: odds ratio = 3.318, p = 0.014, 95% confidence interval: 1.269-8.678). The genotype distributions or allelic frequencies of ACE I/D, AGTR1 A1166C, and eNOS E298D SNPs did not significantly differ between the patients with hypertension and the controls. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that the adiponectin +276 G/T SNP is likely to be a risk factor for essential hypertension in a Turkish population.

The Distribution of Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism and Apolipoprotein E Levels among Coronary Artery Patients Compared to Controls.

OBJECTIVE: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multifactorial disease that is caused by various genetics and environmental factors. Genetically, predisposition is an important component for CAD. The candidate apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene is the most studied one. ApoE is composed of e2, e3, e4 alleles and E2/2, E2/3, E2/4, E3/3, E3/4, E4/4 genotypes. In this study, the relationship between CAD and apoE polymorphism and apoE level has been studied in Tokat region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population is composed of 100 CAD patients diagnosed by coronary angiography and 100 control patients of whom fifty have normal coronary angiography and fifty did not have any CAD symptoms. The serum lipid and apoE levels and apoE genotypes of all participants have been measured, and the relationship between these parameters has been evaluated. RESULTS: Apolipoprotein E, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were statistically low at CAD patients than control patients (p=0.0004, p=0.0005, p=0.0107, p=0.0052 respectively). There was not any significant difference between triglyceride levels (p=0.0848). Waist circumferences were significantly high at CAD patients (p=0.0012). Allele frequencies were as e2 (7.25%), e3 (83.5%), e4 (9.25%) and genotype distributions were as E2/2 (0.5%), E2/3 (13%), E2/4 (0.5%), E3/3 (68.5%), E3/4 (16.5%), E4/4 (1%). The distribution of alleles and genotypes were not significantly different (p>0.05). ApoE levels were higher at e2 allele carriers than e3 and e4 allele carriers (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between e3 and e4 allele carriers. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the distribution of apoE genotype and allele at our region is similar to the general of Turkey. The low apoE levels in CAD patients may show the influence of apoE on CAD by local and systemic mechanisms.

Which Biomarker is most Effective to Determine Severity of Acute Head Trauma in the Experimental Animal Head Trauma Model?

AIM: Because of the need for effective method to determine the severity of head trauma, the importance of biomarkers is recognized recently. This study aims to analyze the values of sera levels of some biomarkers and the relation with their tissue levels in acute head injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, rats were divided into three groups (mild head trauma, severe head trauma and control group). All rats were anaesthetized. Weightdrop method was used as trauma method. Blood samples were obtained five minutes after trauma when the acute effects of trauma occurred. Then whole brains of rats were excised. Levels of biomarkers were investigated in the sera samples and homogenized brain tissues biochemically. RESULTS: Significant differences in the sera GFAP (p=0.015) and insulin (p=0.011) levels were observed. Very significant difference in the sera nNOS level was observed. Extremely significant difference in the tissue IL-6 (p < 0.001) level was observed between all groups. CONCLUSION: Sera nNOS and tissue IL-6 are the best biomarkers to predict trauma severity. Sera GFAP and insulin are also capable to show trauma severity in the very acute period of postinjury. Tissue levels of the biomarkers except insulin are higher than their sera levels.

Analysis of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione Peroxidase 1 Gene Polymorphisms in Vitiligo.

Vitiligo is a hereditary/acquired progressive pigmentation disorder characterized by discoloration of skin as a result of melanocyte dysfunction. Recent studies have proposed that oxidant/antioxidant status plays an important role in vitiligo pathogenesis because of the toxic effects on melanocytes. In this study, we aimed to investigate possible associations of MnSOD Ala-9Val and GPx1 Pro198Leu polymorphisms with vitiligo with in Turkish population. The study group consists of 57 patients with vitiligo and 69 healthy controls. Genotyping is performed to identify MnSOD Ala-9Val and GPx1 Pro198Leu polymorphisms. The method used for genotyping was based on the PCR amplification and detection of polymorphisms by hybridization probes labeled with fluorescent dyes. Both the genotype and allele frequencies of MnSOD Ala-9Val (p = 0.817 and p = 0.553, respectively) and GPx1 Pro198Leu polymorphisms (p = 0.422 and p = 0.673, respectively) were not significantly different between vitiligo patients and the control group. Although no significant difference was found, this is the first report investigating the possible associations between the MnSOD Ala-9Val and GPx1 Pro198Leu polymorphisms in Turkish population. Further studies with large populations will be able to clarify the association better.

The Effect of Melatonin on Bone Loss, Diabetic Control, and Apoptosis in Rats With Diabetes With Ligature-Induced Periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study examines the effect of systemic melatonin administration on proinflammatory cytokine levels, apoptosis, alveolar bone loss (ABL), lipid metabolism, and diabetic control in in rats with diabetes mellitus (DM) and ligature-induced periodontitis. METHODS: Fifty-two male Wistar rats were used in this study. Study groups were as follows: 1) non-ligated control (NL, n = 6); 2) streptozotocin (STZ, n = 8); 3) STZ and melatonin (STZ+Mel, n = 8); 4) ligature (L, n = 6); 5) ligature and melatonin (L+Mel, n = 8); 6) STZ and ligature (STZ+L, n = 8); and 7) STZ, ligature, and melatonin (STZ+L+Mel, n = 8). DM was induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of STZ (60 mg/kg). Melatonin was administered by intraperitoneal injection of a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. Silk ligatures were placed subgingivally around the mandibular right first molars. The study period was 4 weeks, and animals were sacrificed at the end of 4 weeks. Morphometric analysis of bone loss was performed. Tissues were histopathologically examined. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X (bax) protein expressions, serum interleukin (IL)-1ß levels, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP+) osteoclast numbers were also evaluated. RESULTS: After 4 weeks, the highest ABL was observed in the STZ+L group, and the difference was significant (P <0.05). Systemically administered melatonin significantly decreased ABL in the STZ+L+Mel group compared with that in the STZ+L group (P <0.05). TRAP+ osteoclast numbers were the highest in the STZ+L group, and melatonin significantly decreased osteoclast numbers (P <0.05) but had no effect on iNOS, IL-1ß, or bax levels. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that systemic melatonin treatment may decrease osteoclastic activity and reduce ABL in the model using rats with DM.

A pilot study of the association of manganese superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase 1 single gene polymorphisms with prostate cancer and serum prostate specific antigen levels.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential association of single gene polymorphisms of the antioxidant enzymes manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) with prostate cancer (PCa). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Manganese superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase 1 genotypes and allele frequencies in 49 prostate cancer cases (PCa group) and 98 control subjects were determined. Analysis of genotypes in control group individuals were performed in two subgroups according to serum prostate-specific antigen levels: the control group (n = 49), with prostate specific antigen (PSA) level < 4 ng/ml; and the nonPCa-high PSA control group (n = 49), with serum PSA > 4 ng/ml. Determination of MnSOD Ala-9Val and GPX1 Pro198Leu polymorphisms was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction amplification. RESULTS: No association was found between GPX1 polymorphisms and PCa in all groups (p > 0.05). In the PCa group, the frequency of homozygote Val allele carriers was significantly higher in comparison to nonPCa-high PSA control cases. Therefore, Val/Val genotype was found significantly suspicious for PCa risk (OR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.37-4.48; p = 0.002). Furthermore, an overall protective effect of the Ala allele of the MnSOD polymorphism on PCa risk was detected. These findings in this small Turkish population suggested that individual risk of PCa may be modulated by MnSOD polymorphism especially in patients with high PSA, but GPX1 polymorphism seemed to have no effect on PCa risk. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of genetic variants of antioxidant enzymes could have a potential influence on genesis of prostatic malignancy.

GENETIC ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ARTERIAL STIFFNESS-RELATED GENE POLYMORPHISMS IN BRVO AND CRVO PATIENTS IN A TURKISH POPULATION.

PURPOSE: To investigate possible associations between five different single-nucleotide polymorphisms, from genes associated with arterial stiffness and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), or central retinal vein occlusion. METHODS: A total of 187 patients with retinal vein occlusion (133 with BRVO and 54 with central retinal vein occlusion), and 167 controls, were enrolled in this study. All subjects were screened for hypertension, diabetes, smoking status, body mass index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein. The genotyping of adiponectin +276 G/T, ACE I/D, AGTR1 A1166C, eNOS E298D, and p22phox -242 C/T polymorphisms was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The percentage of the adiponectin +275 T allele carriers was significantly higher in the BRVO patients (37%) than in the controls (23%, P < 0.001). Similarly, the percentage of AGTR1 1166 C allele carriers was significantly higher in the BRVO patients (38%) than in the controls (24%, P < 0.001). At the multiple logistic regression analysis, the adiponectin +275 T allele carrier and AGTR1 1166 C allele carrier status were found to be associated with an increased risk of BRVO (TT vs. GG and TG: odds ratio = 2.278, P = 0.002, 95% confidence interval: 1.370-3.789; CC vs. AA and AC: odds ratio = 1.804, P = 0.025, 95% confidence interval: 1.079-3.017). The genotype distributions or allelic frequencies of ACE I/D, eNOS E298D, and p22phox -242 C/T did not significantly differ between the patients with BRVO and the control subjects. There was no significant difference between the central retinal vein occlusion patients and controls for the genotype or the allele frequency distributions of all evaluated single-nucleotide polymorphisms. CONCLUSION: Adiponectin +276 G/T and AGTR1 A1166C single-nucleotide polymorphism are likely to be risk factors for BRVO.

Relationship between manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSODAla-9Val) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx1 Pro 197 Leu) gene polymorphisms and alopecia areata.

OBJECTIVE: The role of the oxidative stress in alopecia areata (AA) has been studied by several researchers in a few studies with conflicting results. These results suggested that lipid peroxidation and alterations in the oxidant-antioxidant enzymatic system may play a role in the pathogenesis of AA. Therefore, we aimed to examine the possible associations between the MnSOD Ala-9Val and GPx1 Pro 198 Leu polymorphisms and AA susceptibility and disease progression in Turkish population. METHODS: The study group consisted of 119 unrelated patients with AA and 104 unrelated healthy controls with no scalp lesions in their personal history or on clinical examination. Genotyping was performed to identify MnSOD Ala-9Val and GPx1 Pro 198 Leu polymorphisms by a method based on PCR amplification and detection of polymorphisms with hybridization probes labeled with fluorescent dyes. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between patients with AA and healthy control subjects. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the MnSOD Ala-9Val SNP genotype distributions and allele frequencies of the AA patients and the control group (P=0.168 and P=0.820, respectively). There was not any association between clinical and demographical features of the study patients with AA and MnSOD Ala-9Val and GPx1 Pro 198 Leu polymorphism genotypes except gender. CONCLUSIONS: This study is unique since an investigation to reveal the possible associations between the MnSOD Ala-9Val and GPx1 Pro 198 Leu polymorphisms and AA susceptibility and in Turkish population.

VKORC1 C1173T and VKORC1 G-1639A gene polymorphisms in Turkish Behçet's patients with ocular and non-ocular involvement.

BACKGROUND: Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystemic vasculitis with unknown etiology. Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) is the key enzyme in the formation of active vitamin K that is a cofactor of various coagulation factors. Polymorphisms of the VKORC1 may affect the levels of active forms of vitamin K-dependent coagulation proteins and the tendency to thrombosis. The current study aimed to evaluate the role of VKORC1 gene polymorphisms in ocular and non-ocular Behçet's disease. METHODS: VKORC1 C1173T (rs 9934438) and G-1639A (rs 9923231) gene polymorphisms were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction-based DNA analysis. The frequency of alleles and distribution of genotypes were assessed by the chi-squared test. Genotype distribution and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were tested with the χ(2) test for quality of fit. RESULTS: The distribution of GG, GA and AA and CC, CT, TT genotypes and the frequency of G,A and C,T alleles were not found to be different between patients and controls (p = 0.5651; p = 0.335 respectively), as well as patients with or without eye involvement (p = 0.9267; p = 0.384 respectively). CONCLUSION: VKORC1 polymorphisms seem not to be related with the thrombotic state of systemic and ocular Behçet's disease.