Identification of the new progress on Pyrazole Derivatives Molecules as Antimicrobial and Antifungal Agents.

Microbial infections remain a worldwide leading cause of death, despite the evolution of a large number of new antibiotics every year. Currently, several bacteria have developed resistance against antibiotics drugs which remain a major issue in antibiotics drug discovery. This review provides detailed information about antimicrobial and antifungal agent synthesis belonging to the pyrazoles scaffold. We reassemble the results obtained from several studies to characterize the importance of heteroatom nuclei in many synthetic products. Additionally, several compounds based on pyrazole derivatives such as benzimidazole, benzothiazole, indole, acridine, oxadiazole, imidazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, triazole, quinoline and quinazoline including other pyrazole containing drugs such as pyridazine, pyridine and pyrimidine are highlighted. Furthermore, you will find in this review 134 best promise structures collected from recent studies, relating the pyrazoles structures to the relevant biological activities, in particular, antimicrobial and antifungal one.

Les infections microbiennes restent une des principales causes de décès dans le monde, malgré l'évolution d'un grand nombre de nouveaux antibiotiques chaque année. Actuellement, plusieurs bactéries ont développé une résistance aux médicaments antibiotiques, ce qui reste un problème majeur dans la découverte de médicaments antibiotiques. Cette revue fournit des informations détaillées sur la synthèse d'agents antimicrobiens et antifongiques appartenant à l'échafaudage des pyrazoles. Nous rassemblons les résultats obtenus à partir de plusieurs études pour caractériser l'importance des noyaux d'hétéroatomes dans de nombreux produits synthétiques. En outre, plusieurs composés basés sur des dérivés du pyrazole tels que le benzimidazole, le benzothiazole, l'indole, l'acridine, l'oxadiazole, l'imidazole, l'isoxazole, le pyrazole, le triazole, la quinoléine et la quinazoline, ainsi que d'autres médicaments contenant du pyrazole comme la pyridazine, la pyridine et la pyrimidine, sont mis en évidence. En outre, vous trouverez dans cette revue 134 structures les plus prometteuses recueillies dans des études récentes, mettant en relation les structures des pyrazoles avec les activités biologiques pertinentes, en particulier antimicrobiennes et antifongiques. Mots-clés: Dérivés de pyrazoles ; antibiotiques ; activité antifongique; résistance microbienne, azote hétérocyclique.

Identification Des Nouveaux Progrès Sur Les Molécules Dérivées Du Pyrazole Comme AgentsAntimicrobiens Et Antifongiques

Microbial infections remain a worldwide leading cause of death,despite the evolution of a large number of new antibiotics everyyear. Currently, several bacteria have developed resistanceagainst antibiotics drugs which remain a major issue inantibiotics drug discovery. This review provides detailedinformation about antimicrobial and antifungal agent synthesisbelonging to the pyrazoles scaffold. We reassemble the resultsobtained from several studies to characterize the importance ofheteroatom nuclei in many synthetic products. Additionally,several compounds based on pyrazole derivatives such asbenzimidazole, benzothiazole, indole, acridine, oxadiazole,imidazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, triazole, quinoline and quinazolineincluding other pyrazole containing drugs such as pyridazine,pyridine and pyrimidine are highlighted. Furthermore, you willfind in this review 134 best promise structures collected fromrecent studies, relating the pyrazoles structures to the relevantbiological activities, in particular, antimicrobial and antifungalone.

[ECMO for post cardiotomy refractory cardiogenic shock: Experience of the cardiac surgery department of the Grenoble Alpes University Hospital]. / ECMO pour choc cardiogénique réfractaire post cardiotomie : expérience du service de chirurgie cardiaque du CHU de Grenoble Alpes.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study is to detail our experience relating to ECMO implantations for post-cardiotomy refractory shock, by analyzing the pre-ECMO factors (history, type of surgery, LVEF), factors relating to ECMO (implantation time, duration) and post-ECMO factors (weaning, complications) in order to highlight those possibly associated with high mortality. METHODS: This is a univariate and multivariate retrospective study of ECMO data implemented between 2011 and 2019 at the Grenoble Alpes University Hospital Center following cardiac surgery. The time to implantation of ECMO was less than 3hours (intraoperative) between 3 and 24hours (early postoperative) and between 24 and 48hours after aortic unclamping (late postoperative). Preoperative or postoperative intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (CPBIA) could be associated. RESULTS: 114 veino-arterial ECMOs were implanted for refractory cardiogenic shock after 5702 cardiac surgeries (1.9%) with a survival rate of 30.7%. The mean age of the patients was 68.6+- 10.5 years. The implantation of ECMO was performed intraoperatively in 71 patients (62.2%), early postoperatively in 22 patients (19.2%) and late postoperatively in 21 patients (18.4%). The duration of assistance was less than 48hours in 27 patients (23.6%), between 48hours and one week in 58 patients (50.9%) and more than one week in 29 patients (25.5%). Univariate analysis revealed a statistically significant association between mortality rate and male sex (P=0.002), association absent with other preoperative characteristics, delay in implantation of ECMO, installation of CPBIA, post-operative characteristics and resuscitation suites. Multivariate analysis of the entire study population demonstrated that the use of ECMO for cardio-respiratory arrest was the only independent risk factor for mortality (OR=7.57 [1.41-40, 62]). After multivariate reanalysis excluding patients with ECMO placement for cardio respiratory arrest, age, preoperative renal failure, type of procedure and EuroSCORE II were risk factors for mortality. CONCLUSION: In this study, male gender, type of intervention, occurrence of cardiac arrest were significantly associated with the death rate. A study of greater power, multicentric, and with a larger sample, will have to be carried out to reach significance.

Farm-related trauma in the west of Ireland: an occupational hazard.

BACKGROUND: Farm fatalities in Ireland remain at their highest recorded levels despite the introduction and implementation of several farm safety initiatives during recent years. AIMS: The aim of this study was to examine all farm-related morbidity and mortality presenting to a general hospital in the west of Ireland. METHODS: A consecutive series of all farm-related fatal and non-fatal injuries presenting to our institution over a 7-year period (2005-2011) was compiled by examining the hospital inpatient enquiry system and mortuary records. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty patients were admitted to Mayo General Hospital with non-fatal farm-related injuries during the study period. This cohort was comprised 104 males and 26 females with an average age at presentation of 46 (range 19-75) years. The most common mechanism of non-fatal injury was animal attack. The mean length of hospital stay, mean length of ICU stay and total number of bed days used were 5.2, 5.3 and 677 days, respectively. There were seven farm-related fatalities during the same study period. Four were livestock-related, two due to machinery accident and one due to fall of a heavy object. The post-mortem findings were analysed in each case. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis outlines the incidence and severity of fatal and non-fatal injuries sustained in the farming workplace and presenting to a general hospital serving a rural catchment population. Greater awareness of our results may help reduce the longterm incidence and magnitude of such injuries.

Efficacy of air/water syringe tip sterilization.

BACKGROUND: Dental procedures involve contact between instruments and the patient's tissues, blood or saliva. This study evaluated the efficacy of the standardized sterilization of non-disposable air/water syringe tips and corrosion and contaminant build-up in these tips. METHODS: The bacterial contamination of single-use and multiple-use non-disposable air/water syringe tips after routine use and sterilization was compared to that of single-use disposable tips by microbial culturing on PCA and blood agar plates. The effect of flushing the syringe tips prior to sterilization was also measured. The amount of corrosion in single-use and multiple-use non-disposable syringes was measured by SEM and EDS analyses. RESULTS: Non-disposable syringe tips had significantly (p < 0.05) greater bacterial contamination than single-use disposable tips. There were no statistically different levels of contamination between flushed and non-flushed non-disposable syringes or between single-use and multiple-use non-disposable syringes. SEM and EDS analyses showed greater evidence of corrosion and contaminant build-up in multiple-use syringes compared to single-use non-disposable syringes. CONCLUSIONS: Sterilization of non-disposable air/water syringes is not completely effective and rinsing, or the number of uses, does not affect the effectiveness of sterilization. There may be a lower risk of cross-infection from the use of disposable air/water syringe tips, instead of non-disposable ones.

Splenic metastases from caecal carcinoma: Diagnostic considerations and therapeutic strategy.

INTRODUCTION: The spleen is a highly vascular organ and is in close proximity to many potential primary sites such as the stomach, breast, pancreas and colon. It is however an unusual site for metastatic disease. The reasons for this are not fully understood at the present time. A number of hypotheses have been postulated. Definitive diagnosis and subsequent treatment of metastatic disease to the spleen presents a number of challenges for the surgeon and the wider multi disciplinary team. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 60 year old male presented with a three week history of lower abdominal pain, distension, nausea and a palpable mass in the right iliac fossa. Imaging revealed a large circumferential caecal mass consistent with malignancy with secondary small bowel obstruction. The patient underwent an emergency right hemicolectomy and was subsequently treated with systemic chemotherapy for lymph node positive caecal adenocarcinoma. Two years following initial presentation, two suspicious lesions were noted within the spleen during routine surveillance imaging with computerised tomography of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis. Of note, one month prior to this the patient had a normal surveillance colonoscopy performed with multiple interval carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels recorded within the normal range. Image guided splenic biopsy and subsequent histology confirmed metastatic caecal adenocarcinoma. DISCUSSION: Splenic metastases from any source including the colon are a rare phenomenon. CONCLUSION: This case questions the value of routine post operative CEA monitoring, underlines the importance of multimodal pathways of surveillance and highlights recent advances in image guided splenic biopsy techniques.

Life after the cancer strategy: analysis of surgical workload in the general hospital setting.

BACKGROUND: The National Cancer Strategy heralded a major reorganisation of the delivery of cancer services in Ireland. As a result of this policy, cancer care was centralised to eight centres. The impact of this strategy on hospitals no longer providing cancer services has not been analysed to date. AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the impact of centralisation of cancer services on surgical workload at Mayo General Hospital. METHODS: Data pertaining to all surgical procedures performed in 2007 (prior to the introduction of the National Cancer Strategy) and 2011 were obtained using the Hospital Inpatient Enquiry system. Histopathology reports and theatre registers were also analysed to ensure accuracy of the data. RESULTS: The numbers of elective and emergency surgical admissions during 2007 and 2011 were broadly similar (2,581 vs. 2,662). One hundred and thirty-five oncological procedures (colorectal and breast) were carried out in 2007 compared with 50 (colorectal) in 2011. This represents a 63% reduction in cancer surgery workload following the implementation of the National Cancer Strategy. There was a concomitant increase in surgery performed for benign conditions (laparoscopic cholecystectomy and hernia repair), which coincided with the innovative introduction of 43 ring-fenced surgical in-patient beds in June 2010. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the impact of the centralisation of cancer services on surgical workload in a non-cancer centre. Our results show that there continues to be a role for general hospitals in the provision of elective surgical services. Hospital network arrangements have the potential to facilitate such developments.

Mesenteric venous thrombosis secondary to an unsuspected JAK2 V617F-positive myeloproliferative disorder.

BACKGROUND: Mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) is a rare but potentially fatal cause of mesenteric ischaemia. It presents insidiously and often diagnosis is made at emergency surgery. In half of the cases MVT develops without a causative factor, while in cases in which a pro-thrombotic state is found to exist MVT may be the first clinically detected consequence of that state. The myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) are known to contribute to the development of pro-thrombotic states. Recently, the JAK2 V617F mutation has been associated with the MPDs. CONCLUSION: We describe a case of MVT occurring secondary to an unsuspected MPD, in which the patient was subsequently found to carry this mutation. We highlight the necessity to screen for this mutation in cases of intra-abdominal thromboses so that appropriate systemic anticoagulation may be instituted, and the patient may be followed so as to detect the development of an overt MPD.

Concurrent diagnosis of Crohn's disease and colorectal carcinoma in a young man with abdominal pain.

The lead time between diagnosis of Crohn's disease and presentation with a Crohn's related malignancy is generally twenty years from diagnosis. This case outlines that of a young man who presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and was subsequently discovered to have a malignant stricture complicating underlying Crohn's disease that was previously quiescent and undiagnosed. It demonstrates that a new diagnosis of Crohn's disease does not rule out previously quiescent underlying disease and therefore risk of colrectal carcinoma.

Ameloblastic fibroma of the anterior maxilla presenting as a complication of tooth eruption: a case report.

Ameloblastic fibroma is a rare mixed odontogenic tumour, which is extremely uncommon in the anterior maxillary region. A case report is presented where failure of eruption of an upper central incisor was the presenting feature.

Nitrofurantoin-induced hepatotoxicity mediated by CD8+ T cells.

Nitrofurantoin is a synthetic nitrofuran commonly used for the treatment and prophylaxis of urinary tract infections. We describe the case of a 75-yr-old woman who was taking nitrofurantoin as prophylaxis against recurrent urinary tract infections, and who subsequently developed pulmonary and hepatic toxicity. We postulate that a breakdown product of the drug or the drug itself complexed to an endogenous peptide is presented by the class I HLA antigen on the hepatocyte cell membrane, inducing cytotoxic T cell activation and subsequently, hepatocyte death.

Sudden unexpected death in young adults including four cases of SADS: a 10-year review from the west of Ireland (1985-1994).

Sudden unexpected death in young adults of 18-35 years account for an important subset of deaths in our autopsy population. The case notes and autopsy reports in 44 subjects were analysed during the period 1985-94 at the Department of Histopathology, University College Hospital, Galway to establish the underlying cause of death. Subjects who were involved in road traffic accidents, cases of drowning, and patients with known congenital heart disease, chronic renal failure and malignancy were excluded. We found that a large proportion of sudden deaths in young adults were secondary to epilepsy and chemical/drug poisoning, accounting for 34 per cent and 31.8 per cent respectively. Sudden adult death syndrome (SADS) accounted for 9 per cent of the study population. Detailed case history, meticulous post-mortem examination and complete toxicological screening are recommended to arrive at the underlying cause of death.

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of large-flowered purslane (Portulaca grandiflora H.).

Transformation of Portulaca grandiflora has been developed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains A281 and T1272. Transformation was assessed by the following criteria: selection of hormone independent callus, antibiotic-resistant callus, and transgenic antibiotic-resistant plants. In addition, DNA hybridization analysis demonstrated that the DNA from tumor lines contained sequences homologous to binary vector T-DNA of strain A281. Following transformation with strain T1272, segregation analysis of the progeny of transgenic plants showed that the transgene was inherited in a Mendelian manner. The kanamycin-resistant progeny tested contained the T-DNA sequence of the strain T1272.

[Maxillofacial manifestations of Steinert's myotonic dystrophy. Clinical and therapeutic aspects]. / Manifestations maxillo-faciales de la dystrophie myotonique de Steinert. Aspects cliniques et thérapeutiques.

The craniofacial manifestations, together with teleradiographic and cephalometric findings, of Steinert's dystrophy were examined based on a review of the literature and the clinical features of several patients with myotonic dystrophy leading to the diagnosis of Steinert's disease. The prevalence of the functional impairments due to facial deformation varies with the severity of the disease, suggesting early interceptive treatment supported by orthopaedic care and rehabilitation therapy of orofacial functions. Surgery involves bimaxillary osteotomy which can improve mastication and facial morphology. Operative risks should be carefully identified with adequate explorations before surgery.

[Treatment of salivary incontinence. A proposal of a new surgical technic and the preliminary results]. / Traitement de l'incontinence salivaire. Proposition d'une nouvelle technique chirurgicale et résultats préliminaires.

Drooling is not induced by an excess of salivary but by incontinence, in case of patients with cerebral palsy and neurologically damaged. Than radical techniques of excision, duct ligations of salivary glands, the authors propose an original association of deviation of submandibular and parotid ducts behind the anterior pillar of soft palate. They discuss it with other therapeutics already proposed in the literature.