Subject(s)
Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Dyspepsia/etiology , Eosinophilia/diagnosis , Fasciola hepatica , Fascioliasis/diagnosis , Liver/pathology , Nasturtium/parasitology , Abdominal Pain/etiology , Animals , Antiplatyhelmintic Agents/therapeutic use , Diagnosis, Differential , Eosinophilia/etiology , Fasciola hepatica/growth & development , Fasciola hepatica/immunology , Fascioliasis/complications , Fascioliasis/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Life Cycle Stages , Liver/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Middle Aged , Travel , Triclabendazole/therapeutic useABSTRACT
The risk of COVID-19 among people living with HIV (PLWH) is largely unknown and there have been very few reported cases in the literature. We report a case series of five PLWH with COVID-19. We identified all patients with a diagnosis of HIV who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at University of Chicago Medicine between March 1, 2020, and April 7, 2020. We retrospectively collected data regarding demographics, comorbidities, medications, laboratory test results, radiology results, and outcomes associated with COVID-19. All five PLWH with COVID-19 were African American; 80% (4/5) were cisgender females. The mean age of patients was 48 years old (range 38-53). The majority of patients presented with cough, fever, and shortness of breath. Three patients had diarrhea. One patient presented with predominantly cardiac symptoms. All were taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) with CD4 count >200 cells/mm3 and suppressed HIV viral loads at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. All five patients were hospitalized, two required supplemental oxygen, and none required mechanical ventilation. Four patients were treated with azithromycin and a cephalosporin and two were also treated with hydroxychloroquine. The median length of stay was 3 days (range 2-7). All patients recovered. More research is needed to understand the risks of COVID-19 among PLWH and the impact of ART on outcomes for patients with COVID-19.
Subject(s)
Betacoronavirus/drug effects , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Adult , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Azithromycin/therapeutic use , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , COVID-19 , Cephalosporins/therapeutic use , Chicago , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use , Middle Aged , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2 , Serologic Tests , Treatment Outcome , COVID-19 Drug TreatmentABSTRACT
To examine whether there are any differences in the rates of HIV-spousal transmission between those who have acquired the virus through blood or through sex in central China. A total of 650 HIV-infected individuals were enrolled, 420 of them were either former commercial plasma donors or recipients of blood (blood transmission group [BTG]), and 230 had acquired HIV infection through sex (sex transmission group [STG]). The spousal transmission rate of HIV was 2% per year (94/420, 11.2 years) in BTG and 8.9% per year (115/230, 5.6 years) in STG. There was a significantly higher transmission rate of HIV through male-to-female (11.7% per year, 84/128, 5.6 years) than through female-to-male (5.4% per year, 31/102, 5.6 years, P<0.05) in STG, but there was no significant gender based differences in BTG. In BTG, all HIV-1 tested were subtype B', while in STG, HIV-1 tested were predominantly subtypes CRF01_AE or CRF07_BC. Our results show that the HIV-spousal transmission rate was higher in STG than in BTG, and that there was a higher rate through male-to-female than female-to-male in STG.
