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1.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 68(4): 344-350, July-Aug. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-958313

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction The need for surgery can be a decisive factor for long-term smoking cessation. On the other hand, situations that precipitate stress could precipitate smoking relapse. The authors decided to study the impact of a surgery on the patient's effort to cease smoking for, at least, 24 h before hospital admission and possible relapse on the last 24 h before hospital admission for ex-smokers. Methods Smoker, ex-smokers and non-smokers adults, either from pre-anesthetic clinic or recently hospital admitted for scheduled elective surgeries that were, at most, 6 h inside the hospital buildings were included in the study. The patients answered a questionnaire at the ward or at the entrance of the operating room (Admitted group) or at the beginning of the first pre-anesthetic consultation (Clinic group) and performed CO measurements. Results 241 patients were included, being 52 ex-smokers and 109 never smokers and 80 non-smokers. Smokers had higher levels of expired carbon monoxide than non-smokers and ex-smokers (9.97 ± 6.50 vs. 2.26 ± 1.65 vs. 2.98 ± 2.69; p = 0.02). Among the smokers, the Clinic group had CO levels not statistically different of those on the Admitted group (10.93 ± 7.5 vs. 8.65 ± 4.56; p = 0.21). The ex-smokers presented with no significant differences for the carbon monoxide levels between the Clinic and Admitted groups (2.9 ± 2.3 vs. 2.82 ± 2.15; p = 0.45). Conclusion A medical condition, such as a surgery, without proper assistance is unlikely to be enough for a patient to stop smoking for, at least, 24 h prior to admission. The proximity of a surgery was not associated with smoking relapse 24 h before the procedure.


Resumo Introdução A necessidade de cirurgia pode ser um fator decisivo para a cessação do tabagismo em longo prazo. Por outro lado, situações que precipitam o estresse podem precipitar a recaída do tabagismo. Decidimos avaliar o impacto de uma cirurgia no esforço do paciente para deixar de fumar durante pelo menos 24 horas antes da internação hospitalar e a possível recaída nas últimas 24 horas anteriores à internação em ex-fumantes. Métodos Fumantes, ex-fumantes e não fumantes adultos, quer de clínica pré-anestésica ou recentemente internados para cirurgias eletivas programadas que ficariam, no máximo, seis horas dentro das unidades hospitalares, foram incluídos no estudo. Os pacientes responderam um questionário na enfermaria ou na entrada da sala de operação (Grupo Internação) ou no início da primeira consulta pré-anestesia (Grupo Clínico) e fizeram mensurações dos níveis de CO. Resultados No total, 241 pacientes foram incluídos: 52 ex-fumantes, 109 que nunca fumaram e 80 não fumantes. Os fumantes apresentaram níveis mais elevados de monóxido de carbono expirado que os não fumantes e ex-fumantes (9,97 ± 6,50 vs. 2,26 ± 1,65 vs. 2,98 ± 2,69;p = 0,02). Entre os fumantes, o Grupo Clínico apresentou níveis de CO não estatisticamente diferentes daqueles do Grupo Internação (10,93 ± 7,5 vs. 8,65 ± 4,56; p = 0,21). Os ex-fumantes não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos Clínico e Internação para os níveis de monóxido de carbono (2,9 ± 2,3 vs. 2,82 ± 2,15; p = 0,45). Conclusão É improvável que uma condição médica, como uma cirurgia, sem assistência adequada seja suficiente para que um paciente pare de fumar, pelo menos, 24 horas antes da internação. A proximidade de uma cirurgia não foi associada à recaída do tabagismo nas 24 horas anteriores ao procedimento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Carbon Monoxide , Smoking , Elective Surgical Procedures , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Smoking Cessation
2.
Braz J Anesthesiol ; 68(4): 344-350, 2018.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29887037

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The need for surgery can be a decisive factor for long-term smoking cessation. On the other hand, situations that precipitate stress could precipitate smoking relapse. The authors decided to study the impact of a surgery on the patient's effort to cease smoking for, at least, 24h before hospital admission and possible relapse on the last 24h before hospital admission for ex-smokers. METHODS: Smoker, ex-smokers and non-smokers adults, either from pre-anesthetic clinic or recently hospital admitted for scheduled elective surgeries that were, at most, 6h inside the hospital buildings were included in the study. The patients answered a questionnaire at the ward or at the entrance of the operating room (Admitted group) or at the beginning of the first pre-anesthetic consultation (Clinic group) and performed CO measurements. RESULTS: 241 patients were included, being 52 ex-smokers and 109 never smokers and 80 non-smokers. Smokers had higher levels of expired carbon monoxide than non-smokers and ex-smokers (9.97±6.50 vs. 2.26±1.65 vs. 2.98±2.69; p=0.02). Among the smokers, the Clinic group had CO levels not statistically different of those on the Admitted group (10.93±7.5 vs. 8.65±4.56; p=0.21). The ex-smokers presented with no significant differences for the carbon monoxide levels between the Clinic and Admitted groups (2.9±2.3 vs. 2.82±2.15; p=0.45). CONCLUSION: A medical condition, such as a surgery, without proper assistance is unlikely to be enough for a patient to stop smoking for, at least, 24h prior to admission. The proximity of a surgery was not associated with smoking relapse 24h before the procedure.

3.
São Paulo med. j ; 127(6): 350-354, Nov. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-547344

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: C-reactive protein (CRP) is commonly used as a marker for inflammatory states and for early identification of infection. This study aimed to investigate CRP as a marker for infection in patients with postoperative septic shock. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective, single-center study, developed in a surgical intensive care unit at Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. METHODS: This study evaluated 54 patients in the postoperative period, of whom 29 had septic shock (SS group) and 25 had systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS group). All of the patients were monitored over a seven-day period using the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and daily CRP and lactate measurements. RESULTS: The daily CRP measurements did not differ between the groups. There was no correlation between CRP and lactate levels and the SOFA score in the groups. We observed that the plasma CRP concentrations were high in almost all of the patients. The patients presented an inflammatory state postoperatively in response to surgical aggression. This could explain the elevated CRP measurements, regardless of whether the patient was infected or not. CONCLUSIONS: This study did not show any correlation between CRP and infection among patients with SIRS and septic shock during the early postoperative period.


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A proteína C reativa (PCR) é muito usada como marcador de estados inflamatórios e na identificação precoce de infecção. Este estudo teve como proposta investigar a PCR como marcadora de infecção em pacientes em choque séptico no período pós-operatório. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo prospectivo, monocêntrico, desenvolvido numa unidade de terapia intensiva pós-operatória do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 54 pacientes no pós-operatório, sendo 29 deles com choque séptico (grupo SS) e 25 com síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica (grupo SI). Todos os pacientes foram acompanhados durante sete dias pelo escore SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) e com dosagens diárias de PCR e lactato. RESULTADOS: As dosagens de PCR não diferiram entre os grupos. Não foi observada correlação entre dosagem de PCR e lactato ou escore SOFA nos grupos estudados. Observamos que as concentrações plasmáticas de PCR estavam elevadas em quase todos os pacientes avaliados. Os pacientes no pós-operatório apresentam estado inflamatório em resposta à agressão cirúrgica, sendo este fato capaz de explicar as dosagens de PCR elevadas, independentemente de o paciente estar ou não infectado. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo não evidenciou correlação entre PCR e infecção nos pacientes com síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica e choque séptico no período pós-operatório precoce.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Shock, Septic/diagnosis , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis , Analysis of Variance , Biomarkers/blood , Critical Care , Lactic Acid/blood , Multiple Organ Failure/blood , Postoperative Complications/blood , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Prospective Studies , Shock, Septic/blood , Surgical Wound Infection/complications , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/blood
4.
Sao Paulo Med J ; 127(6): 350-4, 2009 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20512289

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: C-reactive protein (CRP) is commonly used as a marker for inflammatory states and for early identification of infection. This study aimed to investigate CRP as a marker for infection in patients with postoperative septic shock. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective, single-center study, developed in a surgical intensive care unit at Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. METHODS: This study evaluated 54 patients in the postoperative period, of whom 29 had septic shock (SS group) and 25 had systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS group). All of the patients were monitored over a seven-day period using the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and daily CRP and lactate measurements. RESULTS: The daily CRP measurements did not differ between the groups. There was no correlation between CRP and lactate levels and the SOFA score in the groups. We observed that the plasma CRP concentrations were high in almost all of the patients. The patients presented an inflammatory state postoperatively in response to surgical aggression. This could explain the elevated CRP measurements, regardless of whether the patient was infected or not. CONCLUSIONS: This study did not show any correlation between CRP and infection among patients with SIRS and septic shock during the early postoperative period.


Subject(s)
C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Shock, Septic/diagnosis , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis , Analysis of Variance , Biomarkers/blood , Critical Care , Female , Humans , Lactic Acid/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Multiple Organ Failure/blood , Postoperative Complications/blood , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Prospective Studies , Shock, Septic/blood , Surgical Wound Infection/complications , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/blood
5.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 58(5): 462-469, set.-out. 2008. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-492239

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Náuseas e vômitos pós-operatórios (NVPO) constituem complicação freqüente e potencialmente grave que aumenta o tempo de recuperação pós-anestésica (RPA) e implica insatisfação dos pacientes. Avaliação do risco para NVPO e instituição de profilaxia visando ao bem-estar dos pacientes e à redução de custos têm sido freqüentes em publicações médicas. Este estudo observacional avaliou a incidência, fatores de risco e adequação e efetividade da profilaxia para NVPO na RPA de um hospital-escola terciário. MÉTODO: As informações obtidas a partir de prontuários e questionários aplicados aos pacientes incluíram idade, fatores preditivos maiores para NVPO (sexo feminino, história prévia, não-tabagismo, uso pós-operatório de opióides), profilaxia administrada, ocorrência de NVPO, tipo de cirurgia e anestesia, utilização de óxido nitroso, estado clínico e tempo de permanência na RPA. RESULTADOS: Observou-se incidência de 18,5 por cento de náuseas e 8,5 por cento de vômitos no pós-operatório imediato. Observou-se, ainda, correlação entre fatores maiores de risco e ocorrência de NVPO. Não se observou correlação entre tais fatores e a utilização de medicação antiemética profilática, bem como entre sua utilização e a ocorrência de NVPO. Contudo, observou-se tendência à administração de medicação profilática em pacientes jovens do sexo feminino. CONCLUSÕES: A preocupação dos anestesiologistas da instituição com NVPO ficou estabelecida. Contudo, a ausência de correlação entre risco e profilaxia sugere realização empírica e pouco efetiva. Fatores não-avaliados são sugeridos pela ausência de correlação entre NVPO e o uso de antieméticos. Orientação dos anestesiologistas quanto a condutas profiláticas mais eficientes pode aprimorar os cuidados à população atendida.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is frequent and potentially a severe complication that increases the length of anesthetic recovery and causes patient dissatisfaction. The evaluation of the risk of PONV and institution of prophylactic measures aiming the well-being of patients and cost reduction are frequent in the medical literature. This observational study evaluated the incidence, risk factors, and adjustment and effectivity of the prophylaxis of PONV in the recovery room of a tertiary teaching school. METHODS: Information obtained from patients' records and questionnaires answered by patients included age, major predictive factors for PONV (female gender, history, absence of smoking, and postoperative use of opioids), prophylactic drugs administered, development of PONV, type of surgery and anesthesia, use of nitrous oxide, clinical status, and length of stay in the recovery room. RESULTS: An incidence of 18.5 percent of nausea and 8.5 percent of vomiting in the immediate postoperative period was observed. A correlation between major risk factors and the development of PONV was also observed. A correlation between those factors and prophylactic anti-emetic drugs, as well as between their use and the development of PONV, was not observed. However, a tendency to administer prophylactic medication to young female patients was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The concerns of the anesthesiologists of the institution with PONV were evident. However, the absence of correlation between risk and prophylaxis suggests an empirical and ineffective procedure. Factors that were not evaluated were suggested by the absence between PONV and the use of anti-emetic drugs. The orientation for anesthesiologists regarding more effective prophylactic measures can improve care of the population assisted.


JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios (NVPO) constituyen una complicación frecuente y potencialmente grave que aumenta el tiempo de recuperación postanestésica (RPA) e implica en una insatisfacción de los pacientes. Evaluación del riesgo para NVPO e institución de profilaxis para alcanzar el bienestar de los pacientes, y la reducción de los costes has sido frecuentes en publicaciones médicas. Este estudio de observación evaluó la incidencia, los factores de riesgo y la adecuación y efectividad de la profilaxis para NVPO en la RPA de un hospital-escuela terciario. MÉTODO: Las informaciones obtenidas a partir de historias clínicas y cuestionarios aplicados a los pacientes incluyeron la edad, factores predictibles mayores para NVPO (sexo femenino, historial previo, no tabaquismo, uso postoperatorio de opioides), profilaxis administrada, incidencia de NVPO, tipo de cirugía y anestesia, utilización de óxido nitroso, estado clínico y tiempo de permanencia en la RPA. RESULTADOS: Se observó incidencia de un 18,5 por ciento de náuseas y un 8,5 por ciento de vómitos en el postoperatorio inmediato. También se observó una correlación entre los factores mayores de riesgo e incidencia de NVPO. No se observó correlación entre tales factores y la utilización de medicación antiemética profiláctica, como tampoco en su utilización y en la incidencia de NVPO. Sin embargo, se observó una tendencia a la administración de medicación profiláctica en pacientes jóvenes del sexo femenino. CONCLUSIONES: La preocupación de los anestesiólogos de la institución con NVPO quedó establecida. Pero la falta de una correlación entre el riesgo y la profilaxis sugiere la realización empírica y poco efectiva. Factores no evaluados se sugieren por la falta de correlación entre NVPO y el uso de antieméticos. Orientación de los anestesiólogos en cuanto a las conductas profilácticas más eficientes puede perfeccionar los con la población atendida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Anesthesia Recovery Period , Antiemetics/therapeutic use , /epidemiology , /prevention & control , Postoperative Care , Risk Factors
6.
Mediators Inflamm ; 2008: 631414, 2008.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18385816

ABSTRACT

Septic shock is a severe inflammatory state caused by an infectious agent. Our purpose was to investigate serum amyloid A (SAA) protein and C-reactive protein (CRP) as inflammatory markers of septic shock patients. Here we evaluate 29 patients in postoperative period, with septic shock, in a prospective study developed in a surgical intensive care unit. All eligible patients were monitored over a 7-day period by sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, daily CRP, SAA, and lactate measurements. CRP and SAA strongly correlated up to the fifth day of observation but were not good predictors of mortality in septic shock.


Subject(s)
C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , Serum Amyloid A Protein/metabolism , Shock, Septic/blood , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Intensive Care Units , Male , Middle Aged , Multiple Organ Failure/blood , Multiple Organ Failure/diagnosis , Postoperative Care/methods , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Shock, Septic/diagnosis , Shock, Septic/mortality , Survival Rate , Time Factors
7.
Rev Bras Anestesiol ; 58(5): 466-9, 462-6, 2008.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19382405

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is frequent and potentially a severe complication that increases the length of anesthetic recovery and causes patient dissatisfaction. The evaluation of the risk of PONV and institution of prophylactic measures aiming the well-being of patients and cost reduction are frequent in the medical literature. This observational study evaluated the incidence, risk factors, and adjustment and effectivity of the prophylaxis of PONV in the recovery room of a tertiary teaching school. METHODS: Information obtained from patients' records and questionnaires answered by patients included age, major predictive factors for PONV (female gender, history, absence of smoking, and postoperative use of opioids), prophylactic drugs administered, development of PONV type of surgery and anesthesia, use of nitrous oxide, clinical status, and length of stay in the recovery room. RESULTS: An incidence of 18.5% of nausea and 8.5% of vomiting in the immediate postoperative period was observed. A correlation between major risk factors and the development of PONV was also observed. A correlation between those factors and prophylactic anti-emetic drugs, as well as between their use and the development of PONV, was not observed. However, a tendency to administer prophylactic medication to young female patients was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The concerns of the anesthesiologists of the institution with PONV were evident. However, the absence of correlation between risk and prophylaxis suggests an empirical and ineffective procedure. Factors that were not evaluated were suggested by the absence between PONV and the use of antiemetic drugs. The orientation for anesthesiologists regarding more effective prophylactic measures can improve care of the population assisted.


Subject(s)
Anesthesia Recovery Period , Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/epidemiology , Female , Hospitals, Teaching , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Tertiary Care Centers
8.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 57(6): 630-638, nov.-dez. 2007. graf, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-468130

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica (SRIS) é comum em pacientes em estado crítico no pós-operatório. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a correlação entre dosagem de lactato, disfunção de múltiplos órgãos e mortalidade em pacientes com diagnóstico de SRIS. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo que avaliou 24 pacientes com diagnóstico de SRIS (Colégio Americano de Cirurgiões Torácicos/Sociedade Americana de Medicina Intensiva) no pós-operatório em UTI cirúrgica. O lactato foi dosado nas primeiras 24 horas após o diagnóstico de SRIS e diariamente durante 7 dias. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo LE (lactato > 2 mmol.L-1) e Grupo LN (lactato < 2 mmol.L-1). A falência de múltiplos órgãos foi avaliada pelo escore SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) diariamente por sete dias. Após o seguimento por sete dias, os pacientes foram acompanhados até sua alta hospitalar ou óbito em 28 dias. RESULTADOS: Treze pacientes foram incluídos no Grupo LE após o diagnóstico de SRIS e 11 pacientes no Grupo LN. O risco relativo (RR) de óbito em sete dias para o Grupo LE foi 4,23 (IC 95 por cento 2,25-7,95) vezes maior que o Grupo LN, no primeiro dia do estudo. O RR de óbito em 28 dias foi 1,7 vezes maior para o Grupo LE (IC 95 por cento 0,84-3,46). Os grupos foram similares com relação ao SOFA durante o estudo. CONCLUSÕES: Os pacientes com lactato elevado nas primeiras 24 horas após o diagnóstico de SRIS não apresentaram mais disfunção orgânica do que os pacientes com lactato normal, porém tiveram risco aumentado de óbito em sete dias.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is common in the postoperative period of critically ill patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between lactate level, multiple organ dysfunction, and mortality in patients with SIRS. METHODS: This prospective study evaluated 24 patients with a postoperative diagnosis of SIRS (American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine) in the surgical ICU. Lactate levels were determined in the first 24 hours after the diagnosis of SIRS and daily, for 7 days. Patients were divided in 2 groups: LE Group (lactate > 2 mmol.L-1) and LN Group (lactate < 2 mmol.L-1). Multiple organ failure was evaluated by the SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) score daily, for 7 days. After the 7-day follow-up period patients were followed for up to 28 days, until discharge from the hospital or death. RESULTS: Thirteen patients were included in the LE Group after the diagnosis of SIRS and 11 patients in the LN Group. The relative risk (RR) of death in 7 days for the LE Group was 4.23 (CI 95 percent 2.25-7.95) times greater than in the LN Group in the first day of the study. The RR of death in 28 days was 1.7 times greater for the LE Group (CI 95 percent 0.84-3.46). The SOFA score was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with elevated lactate in the first 24 hours after the diagnosis of SIRS did not have more organic dysfunction than patients with normal lactate levels, but they had an increased risk of death in 7 days.


JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El síndrome de la respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SRIS) es común en pacientes en estado crítico en el postoperatorio. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la correlación entre dosificación de lactato, disfunción de múltiplos órganos y mortalidad en pacientes con diagnóstico de SRIS. MÉTODO: Estudio prospectivo que evaluó 24 pacientes con diagnóstico de SRIS (Colegio Americano de Cirujanos Torácicos/Sociedad Americana de Medicina Intensiva) en el postoperatorio en UTI quirúrgica. El lactato fue dosificado en las primeras 24 horas después del diagnóstico de SIRS y diariamente durante 7 días. Los pacientes fueron divididos en 2 grupos: Grupo LE (lactato > 2 mmol.L-1) y Grupo LN (lactato < 2 mmol.L-1). La falencia de múltiples órganos se evaluó por la puntuación SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) diariamente por 7 días. Después del seguimiento por 7 días, los pacientes fueron acompañados hasta su alta u óbito en 28 días. RESULTADOS: Trece pacientes fueron incluidos en el Grupo LE después del diagnóstico de SRIS y 11 pacientes en el Grupo LN. El riesgo relativo (RR) de óbito en 7 días para el Grupo LE fue 4.23 (IC 95 por ciento 2.25-7.95) veces mayor que el Grupo LN, el primero día del estudio. El RR de óbito en 28 días fue 1.7 veces mayor para el Grupo LE (IC 95 por ciento 0.84-3.46). Los grupos fueron similares con relación al SOFA durante el estudio. CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes con lactato elevado en las primeras 24 horas después del diagnóstico de SRIS no presentaron más disfunción orgánica que los pacientes con lactato normal, pero tuvieron riesgo aumentado de óbito en 7 días.


Subject(s)
Humans , Lactic Acid/analysis , Lactic Acid/metabolism , Inflammation , Mortality , Multiple Organ Failure , Prognosis , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
9.
Sao Paulo Med J ; 125(4): 237-41, 2007 Jul 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17992396

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Sepsis and septic shock are very common conditions among critically ill patients that lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and death. Our purpose was to investigate the efficacy of early administration of dexamethasone for patients with septic shock, with the aim of halting the progression towards MODS and death. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center study, developed in a surgical intensive care unit at Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. METHODS: The study involved 29 patients with septic shock. All eligible patients were prospectively randomized to receive either a dose of 0.2 mg/kg of dexamethasone (group D) or placebo (group P), given three times at intervals of 36 hours. The patients were monitored over a seven-day period by means of the sequential organ failure assessment score. RESULTS: Patients treated with dexamethasone did not require vasopressor therapy for as much time over the seven-day period as did the placebo group (p = 0.043). Seven-day mortality was 67% in group P (10 out of 15) and 21% in group D (3 out of 14) (relative risk = 0.31, 95% confidence interval 0.11 to 0.88). Dexamethasone enhanced the effects of vasopressor drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Early treatment with dexamethasone reduced the seven-day mortality among septic shock patients and showed a trend towards reduction of 28-day mortality.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Shock, Septic/drug therapy , Vasoconstrictor Agents/administration & dosage , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brazil/epidemiology , Drug Administration Schedule , Drug Therapy, Combination , Epidemiologic Methods , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Placebos , Shock, Septic/mortality , Time Factors
10.
São Paulo med. j ; 125(4): 237-241, July 2007. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-467130

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Sepsis and septic shock are very common conditions among critically ill patients that lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and death. Our purpose was to investigate the efficacy of early administration of dexamethasone for patients with septic shock, with the aim of halting the progression towards MODS and death. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center study, developed in a surgical intensive care unit at Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. METHODS: The study involved 29 patients with septic shock. All eligible patients were prospectively randomized to receive either a dose of 0.2 mg/kg of dexamethasone (group D) or placebo (group P), given three times at intervals of 36 hours. The patients were monitored over a seven-day period by means of the sequential organ failure assessment score. RESULTS: Patients treated with dexamethasone did not require vasopressor therapy for as much time over the seven-day period as did the placebo group (p = 0.043). Seven-day mortality was 67 percent in group P (10 out of 15) and 21 percent in group D (3 out of 14) (relative risk = 0.31, 95 percent confidence interval 0.11 to 0.88). Dexamethasone enhanced the effects of vasopressor drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Early treatment with dexamethasone reduced the seven-day mortality among septic shock patients and showed a trend towards reduction of 28-day mortality.


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Sepse e choque séptico são doenças muito comuns em pacientes gravemente enfermos, evoluindo muitas vezes com síndrome de disfunção de múltiplos órgãos (SDMO) e morte. A proposta do trabalho foi investigar a eficácia da administração precoce de dexametasona a estes pacientes, tentando evitar a progressão do choque séptico para SDMO e morte. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo prospectivo, aleatório, duplamente encoberto, monocêntrico, realizado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva pós-operatória do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 29 pacientes com choque séptico. Os participantes foram aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos que receberam 0,2 mg/kg de dexametasona (grupo D) ou placebo (grupo P), repetidas a cada 36 horas. Os pacientes foram acompanhados durante sete dias de internação na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva através do escore SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment). RESULTADOS: Os pacientes que receberam dexametasona necessitaram de menos tempo de tratamento com vasopressores durante o período de sete dias (p = 0,043). A mortalidade em sete dias no grupo P foi de 67 por cento (10 em 15) e no grupo D foi de 21 por cento (3 em 14) (risco relativo = 0.31, intervalo de confiança 95 por cento 0.11-0.88). CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento precoce com dexametasona dos pacientes com choque séptico reduziu a mortalidade em sete dias de acompanhamento e mostrou tendência de redução da mortalidade em 28 dias.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Shock, Septic/drug therapy , Vasoconstrictor Agents/administration & dosage , Brazil/epidemiology , Drug Administration Schedule , Drug Therapy, Combination , Epidemiologic Methods , Placebos , Shock, Septic/mortality , Time Factors
11.
Sao Paulo Med J ; 125(1): 9-14, 2007 Jan 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17505679

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) following thoracic surgery presents known analgesic and respiratory benefits. However, intraoperative thoracic sympathetic block may trigger airway hyperreactivity. This study weighed up these beneficial and undesirable effects on intraoperative respiratory mechanics. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized, double-blind clinical study at a tertiary public hospital. METHODS: Nineteen patients scheduled for partial lung resection were distributed using a random number table into groups receiving active TEA (15 ml 0.5% bupivacaine, n = 9) or placebo (15 ml 0.9% saline, n = 10) solutions that also contained 1:200,000 epinephrine and 2 mg morphine. Under general anesthesia, flows and airway and esophageal pressures were recorded. Pressure-volume curves, lower inflection points (LIP), resistance and compliance at 10 ml/kg tidal volume were established for respiratory system, chest wall and lungs. Students t test was performed, including confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Bupivacaine rose 5 +/- 1 dermatomes upwards and 6 +/- 1 downwards. LIP was higher in the bupivacaine group (6.2 +/- 2.3 versus 3.6 +/- 0.6 cmH2O, p = 0.016, CI = -3.4 to -1.8). Respiratory system and lung compliance were higher in the placebo group (respectively 73.3 +/- 10.6 versus 51.9 +/- 15.5, p = 0.003, CI = 19.1 to 23.7; 127.2 +/- 31.7 versus 70.2 +/- 23.1 ml/cmH2O, p < 0.001, CI = 61 to 53). Resistance and chest wall compliance showed no difference. CONCLUSION: TEA decreased respiratory system compliance by reducing its lung component. Resistance was unaffected. Under TEA, positive end-expiratory pressure and recruitment maneuvers are advisable.


Subject(s)
Autonomic Nerve Block/adverse effects , Bupivacaine/adverse effects , Lung Compliance/physiology , Respiratory Mechanics/physiology , Adult , Air Pressure , Airway Resistance/drug effects , Airway Resistance/physiology , Anesthesia, Epidural , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method , Esophagus/drug effects , Esophagus/physiology , Female , Forced Expiratory Volume , Humans , Lung/drug effects , Lung/physiology , Lung/surgery , Lung Compliance/drug effects , Male , Middle Aged , Monitoring, Intraoperative , Positive-Pressure Respiration , Respiratory Mechanics/drug effects , Tidal Volume/drug effects , Tidal Volume/physiology
12.
São Paulo med. j ; 125(1): 9-14, Jan. 2007. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-449882

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) following thoracic surgery presents known analgesic and respiratory benefits. However, intraoperative thoracic sympathetic block may trigger airway hyperreactivity. This study weighed up these beneficial and undesirable effects on intraoperative respiratory mechanics. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized, double-blind clinical study at a tertiary public hospital. METHODS: Nineteen patients scheduled for partial lung resection were distributed using a random number table into groups receiving active TEA (15 ml 0.5 percent bupivacaine, n = 9) or placebo (15 ml 0.9 percent saline, n = 10) solutions that also contained 1:200,000 epinephrine and 2 mg morphine. Under general anesthesia, flows and airway and esophageal pressures were recorded. Pressure-volume curves, lower inflection points (LIP), resistance and compliance at 10 ml/kg tidal volume were established for respiratory system, chest wall and lungs. StudentÆs t test was performed, including confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Bupivacaine rose 5 ± 1 dermatomes upwards and 6 ± 1 downwards. LIP was higher in the bupivacaine group (6.2 ± 2.3 versus 3.6 ± 0.6 cmH2O, p = 0.016, CI = -3.4 to -1.8). Respiratory system and lung compliance were higher in the placebo group (respectively 73.3 ± 10.6 versus 51.9 ± 15.5, p = 0.003, CI = 19.1 to 23.7; 127.2 ± 31.7 versus 70.2 ± 23.1 ml/cmH2O, p < 0.001, CI = 61 to 53). Resistance and chest wall compliance showed no difference. CONCLUSION: TEA decreased respiratory system compliance by reducing its lung component. Resistance was unaffected. Under TEA, positive end-expiratory pressure and recruitment maneuvers are advisable.


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Os benefícios pós-operatórios da anestesia peridural torácica (APT) na analgesia e respiração após toracotomias são conhecidos. Contudo, bloqueio simpático torácico pode desencadear hiperreatividade das vias aéreas. Este estudo pesou tais efeitos benéficos e indesejáveis na mecânica respiratória intra-operatória. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo clínico, randomizado, duplo-cego realizado em hospital público terciário. MÉTODOS: Uma tabela de números aleatórios dividiu 19 pacientes submetidos a ressecção pulmonar parcial entre duas soluções administradas na APT: ativa (15 ml 0,5 por cento bupivacaína, n = 9) ou placebo (15 ml 0,9 por cento NaCl, n = 10). Ambas continham epinefrina 1:200,000 e morfina 2 mg. Sob anestesia geral, pressões esofágicas e de vias aéreas foram registradas. Curvas de pressão versus volume, pontos de inflexão inferior (PII), resistências e complacências sob volume corrente de 10 ml.kg-1 foram aferidos para sistema respiratório, parede torácica e pulmões. O teste t de Student foi realizado (p < 0,005), incluindo intervalos de confiança (IC). RESULTADOS: A dispersão cefálica e caudal da bupivacaína foi, respectivamente, de 5 ± 1 e de 6 ± 1 dermátomos. A curva PII foi maior no Grupo Bupivacaína (6,2 ± 2,3 versus 3,6 ± 0,6 cm H2O, p = 0,016, IC = -3,4 a -1,8). Complacências do sistema respiratório e pulmões foram maiores no Grupo Placebo (respectivamente 73.3 ± 10.6 versus 51.9 ± 15.5, p = 0,003, IC = 19,1 a 23,7, e 127,2 ± 31,7 versus 70,2 ± 23,1 ml.cm H2O-1, p < 0,001, IC = 61 a 53). Resistências e complacências da parede torácica não mostraram diferenças. CONCLUSÃO: APT diminui a complacência do sistema respiratório por reduzir seu componente pulmonar. Resistências não são afetadas. Sob APT, pressão positiva expiratória final e manobras de recrutamento são recomendáveis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Autonomic Nerve Block/adverse effects , Bupivacaine/adverse effects , Lung Compliance/physiology , Respiratory Mechanics/physiology , Air Pressure , Airway Resistance/drug effects , Airway Resistance/physiology , Anesthesia, Epidural , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method , Esophagus/drug effects , Esophagus/physiology , Forced Expiratory Volume , Lung Compliance/drug effects , Lung/drug effects , Lung/physiology , Lung/surgery , Monitoring, Intraoperative , Positive-Pressure Respiration , Respiratory Mechanics/drug effects , Tidal Volume/drug effects , Tidal Volume/physiology
13.
Rev Bras Anestesiol ; 57(6): 630-8, 2007 Dec.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19462139

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is common in the postoperative period of critically ill patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between lactate level, multiple organ dysfunction, and mortality in patients with SIRS. METHODS: This prospective study evaluated 24 patients with a postoperative diagnosis of SIRS (American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine) in the surgical ICU. Lactate levels were determined in the first 24 hours after the diagnosis of SIRS and daily, for 7 days. Patients were divided in 2 groups: LE Group (lactate > 2 mmol.L-1) and LN Group (lactate < 2 mmol.L-1). Multiple organ failure was evaluated by the SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) score daily, for 7 days. After the 7-day follow-up period patients were followed for up to 28 days, until discharge from the hospital or death. RESULTS: Thirteen patients were included in the LE Group after the diagnosis of SIRS and 11 patients in the LN Group. The relative risk (RR) of death in 7 days for the LE Group was 4.23 (CI 95% 2.25-7.95) times greater than in the LN Group in the first day of the study. The RR of death in 28 days was 1.7 times greater for the LE Group (CI 95% 0.84-3.46). The SOFA score was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with elevated lactate in the first 24 hours after the diagnosis of SIRS did not have more organic dysfunction than patients with normal lactate levels, but they had an increased risk of death in 7 days.

14.
Sao Paulo Med J ; 124(2): 90-5, 2006 Mar 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16878192

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a very common condition among critically ill patients. SIRS, sepsis, septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) can lead to death. Our aim was to investigate the efficacy of a single dose of dexamethasone for blocking the progression of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center study in a postoperative intensive care unit (Surgical Support Unit) at Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo. METHODS: The study involved 29 patients with SIRS. All eligible patients were prospectively randomized to receive either a single dose of 0.2 mg/kg of dexamethasone or placebo, after SIRS was diagnosed. The patients were monitored over a seven-day period using Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (SOFA). RESULTS: The respiratory system showed an improvement on the first day after dexamethasone was administered, demonstrated by the improved PaO2/FiO2 ratio (p < 0.05). The cardiovascular system of patients requiring vasopressor therapy also improved over the first two days, with a better evolution in the dexamethasone group (p < 0.05). Non-surviving patients presented higher lactate assays than did survivors (p < 0.05) during this period. CONCLUSIONS: Dexamethasone enhanced the effects of vasopressor drugs and evaluation of the respiratory system showed improvements (better PaO2/FiO2 ratio), one day after its administration. Despite these improvements, the single dose of dexamethasone did not block the evolution of SIRS.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/drug therapy , Vasoconstrictor Agents/administration & dosage , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Analysis of Variance , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multiple Organ Failure , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
15.
São Paulo med. j ; 124(2): 90-95, Mar. -Apr. 2006. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-432176

ABSTRACT

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica (SRIS) acomete muitos pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva. A evolução destes pacientes com SRIS para sepse, choque séptico e síndrome da disfunção de múltiplos órgãos (SDMO) pode conduzi-los rapidamente para o óbito. A proposta do trabalho é avaliar a eficácia da dexametasona em dose única como tratamento da SRIS. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo prospectivo, aleatório, duplamente encoberto, realizado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva pós-operatória (Unidade de Apoio Cirúrgico) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 29 pacientes com diagnóstico de SRIS. Os participantes foram aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos que receberam dexametasona (0,2 mg/kg em dose única) ou placebo após o diagnóstico de SRIS. Os pacientes foram acompanhados durante sete dias de internação na UTI através do escore SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment).RESULTADOS: Os pacientes que receberam dexametasona apresentaram melhora do sistema respiratório no primeiro dia, com aumento da relação PaO2/FiO2 (p < 0,05). Entre os pacientes que faziam uso de vasopressores, os que receberam dexametasona tiveram diminuição da necessidade destas medicações nos primeiros dois dias após a dose de dexametasona (p < 0,05).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/drug therapy , Vasoconstrictor Agents/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method , Intensive Care Units , Multiple Organ Failure , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
16.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 55(2): 151-157, mar.-abr. 2005.
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-416705

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Em decorrência da grande evolução da monitorização e do arsenal terapêutico disponível nos últimos anos, houve uma redução na incidência de eventos adversos durante procedimentos anestésicos. Porém, continua importante o treinamento dos médicos residentes para este tipo de ocorrência. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho prático do residente de Anestesiologia em eventos adversos durante uma anestesia simulada. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 17 médicos em especialização do primeiro e segundo anos de Anestesiologia (ME1 e ME2) e 5 instrutores do Centro de Ensino e Treinamento (CET) do HCFMUSP (Título Superior em Anestesiologia - TSA). Foi utilizado o simulador computadorizado Anesthesia Simulator Consultant (ASC) versão 2.0 - 1995/Anesoft para realização das simulações dos eventos. Os incidentes críticos escolhidos foram fibrilação ventricular (FV) e choque anafilático. Após a realização da simulação, foram impressos os resultados de cada participante e avaliadas e pontuadas as condutas adotadas para resolver os incidentes críticos pré-determinados. Os participantes avaliaram o simulador através do preenchimento de um questionário. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatística entre as médias obtidas pelos grupos, porém notou-se uma tendência de melhor desempenho dos grupos TSA e ME2 na simulação de FV. Com relação ao choque anafilático, houve uma tendência de melhor desempenho do grupo TSA. CONCLUSÕES: O treinamento para diagnóstico e condutas em eventos adversos deve ser foco de atenção durante o treinamento de médicos residentes e na atualização de anestesiologistas. O uso do simulador pode ser uma das formas de realizar o treinamento nestas situações.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anesthesia/adverse effects , Anesthesiology/education , Clinical Competence , Educational Measurement , Internship and Residency , Patient Simulation , Surveys and Questionnaires , Retrospective Studies
17.
Rev Bras Anestesiol ; 55(2): 151-7, 2005 Apr.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19471818

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Because of monitoring and drugs evolution, there has been a decrease in the incidence of critical events during anesthetic procedures. Despite this low frequency, critical event training for Anesthesiology residents remains important. This study aimed at evaluating Anesthesiology residents' critical care skills during computer-simulated anesthesia. METHODS: Seventeen anesthesiology residents (first and second year) and 5 anesthesiology instructors were evaluated. Using the Anesthesia Simulator Consultant (2.0 - 1995/Anesoft) simulations of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and anaphylactic reaction (AR) were performed. After simulation, results of each participant were printed and approaches to solve predetermined critical events were evaluated and scored. Participants have evaluated the simulator by filling out a questionnaire. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in means obtained by groups, but there has been a trend toward better performance of second year residents and Anesthesiology instructors during VF simulation. There has been a trend toward better performance of Anesthesiology instructors during AR simulation. CONCLUSIONS: Critical events management training should be the focus during residents and anesthesiologists training. Computer simulation could be a way to carry out such training.

18.
Sao Paulo Med J ; 122(5): 213-6, 2004 Sep 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15602808

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Patient recovery time after anesthesia depends on problem-oriented monitoring and individual assessment. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of patient positioning on post-anesthesia recovery time. TYPE OF STUDY: Retrospective. SETTING: Post-anesthesia care unit, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo. METHODS: Data were obtained from patients recovering from anesthesia in a supine horizontal position or with their trunk and legs elevated at 30 degrees. Data were recorded every 30 minutes. The start time was considered to be the admission to the unit, and the final measurement was taken with the patient reached an Aldrete-Kroulik index of 10. The length of time until discharge was recorded. RESULTS: 442 patients recovering after general (n = 274) or regional anesthesia (n = 168) were assigned to be kept in a supine position or with their trunk and legs elevated. There was no difference in the medians for non-parametric results, between supine position (75 min, n = 229) and trunk and legs elevated (70 min, n = 213); p = 0.729. Patients recovered faster from regional anesthesia with trunk and legs elevated (70 min) than in the supine position (84.5 min), although not significantly (p = 0.097). There was no difference between patients recovering from general anesthesia, no matter the positioning (70 min; p = 0.493). DISCUSSION: Elevated legs may supposedly improve venous return and cardiac output since spinal anesthesia blocks sympathetic system and considering leg-raising has been shown to improve cardiac output from hipovolemia. Our findings did not support this hypothesis. Some limitations included a retrospective collection of data that did not allow randomization for recovery position and the unregistered duration of the exposure to the anesthetic drugs. CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in anesthesia recovery time in relation to positioning patients supinely or with trunk and legs elevated.


Subject(s)
Anesthesia Recovery Period , Length of Stay , Posture/physiology , Adult , Age Distribution , Body Mass Index , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Supine Position/physiology
19.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 54(4): 542-552, jul.-ago. 2004. graf
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-382892

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Apesar das diversas propostas ventilatórias para anestesia em pacientes obesos mórbidos, um consenso não foi estabelecido. Este estudo avaliou o ajuste ventilatório nestes pacientes durante anestesia baseado na oximetria e capnografia. MÉTODO: O consentimento prévio foi obtido da Comissão de Ética e dos pacientes. Excluíram-se tabagistas e portadores de doença cardíaca ou pulmonar. Foram estudados 11 pacientes com índice de massa corpórea (IMC) de 59,2 ± 8,3 submetidos à gastroplastia sob anestesia geral (Grupo O). Oito não-obesos (IMC 20,2 ± 3,9) submetidos à gastrectomia formaram o grupo controle (NO). Ajustou-se a ventilação visando dióxido de carbono expiratório final (P ET CO2) menor que 40 mmHg e saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2) maior que 95 por cento. Não se utilizou PEEP. Através de monitor respiratório CO2SMO Plus, mediu-se espaços mortos fisiológico, alveolar e de vias aéreas (VD phy, VD alv e VD aw) e o volume corrente alveolar (VT alv). Amostras de sangue arterial e venoso central permitiram calcular PaO2/FIO2 e VD phy/VT. Os dados foram comparados e analisados por ANOVA (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: Volumes corrente foram de 4,2 ± 0,4 ml.kg-1 no Grupo O e 7,9 ± 2,3 ml.kg-1 no Grupo NO para o peso medido, e de 11,5 ± 1,8 no Grupo O e 6,6 ± 1,1 ml.kg-1 no Grupo NO para o peso ideal. A PaO2 mostrou-se menor e o VT alveolar mostrou-se maior nos obesos (p < 0,008 e 0,0001, respectivamente). Não foi encontrada diferença em PaCO2, VD phy, VD alv ou VD aw. CONCLUSÕES: A SpO2 e a P ET CO2 parecem garantir ventilação adequada, a qual pode ser obtida em pacientes com obesidade mórbida com volumes corrente ajustados ao peso ideal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Respiration, Artificial/methods
20.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 54(3): 391-398, maio-jun. 2004. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-361727

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A despeito dos benefícios do uso de hipnossedativos em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva pós-operatórias, não existe consenso sobre regime de uso ou quantificação da sedação. Este estudo avaliou o uso de sedativos e seus efeitos sobre o tempo de permanência na unidade pós-operatória do Hospital das Clínicas de São Paulo. MÉTODO: Oitenta e três pacientes que receberam sedação contínua foram estudados quanto aos agentes utilizados e respectivas doses, bem como os seguintes tempos: admissão-início da sedação (T INI), sedação (T SED), término da sedação-extubação (T EXT) e extubação-alta (T ALT). Avaliaram-se ainda a classificação da ASA e o nível da sedação pela escala de Ramsay. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA. RESULTADOS: Apenas os pacientes que receberam fentanil foram avaliados (n = 80). Destes, 34 receberam outro sedativo. T INI foi de 123,4 ± 369, T SED de 852,5 ± 1242,3, T EXT de 241,1 ± 156,6 e T ALT de 1433 ± 1734,4 minutos. Não houve diferença quanto à dose de sedativos segundo classificação da ASA (p = 0,11). Contudo, T ALT foi maior nos pacientes mais graves (p < 0,001). Pressão diastólica e Ramsay elevaram-se durante o decorrer da sedação (p < 0,001 e 0,028, respectivamente). CONCLUSÕES: O fentanil, complementado ou não por outros agentes, mostrou-se adequado quanto à qualidade da sedação e estabilidade hemodinâmica em terapia intensiva pós-operatória.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Conscious Sedation , Critical Care , Fentanyl/administration & dosage , Hypnotics and Sedatives/pharmacology , Postoperative Care , Hemodynamics , Retrospective Studies
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