ABSTRACT
The transmission of Plasmodium falciparum through Anopheles stephensi was measured in the presence of anti-gamete (anti-45/48 kDa) and anti-zygote/ookinete (anti-25 kDa) antibodies. With lowering numbers of infectious gametocytes in the presence of the same concentration of antibodies, different results were obtained with the two types of antibodies. Transmission blocking appeared to weaken when using anti-45/48 kDa antibody, whilst, with the anti-25 kDa antibody, transmission inhibition was markedly strengthened with lower parasite numbers. Keeping the parasite numbers constant and progressively lowering the concentration of both types of antibodies resulted in a gradual loss of the latters' blocking ability. No enhancement of transmission occurred at low antibody concentrations.
Subject(s)
Anopheles/parasitology , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Plasmodium falciparum/physiology , Animals , Binding, Competitive , Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic , Plasmodium falciparum/immunologyABSTRACT
The cross reaction pattern of acrylic monomers was investigated in 20 groups of animals sensitized to a different acrylic monomer. Animals sensitized to one monoacrylate tend to react to other monoacrylates. Reactions to corresponding monomethacrylates (same alcohol group in the ester) or other monomethacrylates did not occur. Some reactions to di(meth)acrylates were observed. A number of animals sensitized to one monomethacrylate reacted to some other monomethacrylates and to monoacrylates. Reactions to di(meth)acrylates were observed. Animals sensitized to di(meth)acrylates showed hardly any positive cross reaction. A universal screening allergen to detect acrylic monomer sensitizations does not exist. The composition of (industrial) products should be made accessible to the occupational dermatologist in order to prevent the undesirable situation in which a patient suspected of having an acrylic monomer sensitization must be tested with a large series of potent allergens in order to detect the real origin of the sensitization.
Subject(s)
Acrylates/immunology , Skin/immunology , Animals , Cross Reactions , Female , Guinea Pigs , Immunization , Methacrylates/immunologyABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate differences in the sensitizing potential of 14 mono(meth)acrylates, when tested by the guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) and Freund's complete adjuvant test (FCAT) with an identical, intradermal induction concentration. A new grading classification of the sensitization potential is proposed. Mono(meth)acrylates show a wide range of sensitizing potential. Compared with other (meth)acrylates, methyl methacrylate is a moderate sensitizer. Attention was paid to concomitant sensitization of additives. In 9 of 16 FCATs, concomitant sensitization occurred to the inhibitors hydroquinone and p-methoxyphenol.
