[Giant left ventricle cardiac hydatid cyst : report of a challenging case]. / Kyste hydatique géant du ventricule gauche : rapport d'un challenge chirurgical.

Hydatidosis is a potentially fatal parasitic disease where humans are an accidental host. The cardiac location is due to the development in the heart of the larval form of Taenia Echinococcus granulosus. We present the case of a patient with a history of pulmonary hydatid cysts who presented with atypical chest pain with a huge hydatid cyst of the anterior and lateral wall of the left ventricle of 80/66 mm in diameter responsible of a thinning of the wall of the left ventricle and close relationship with the anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery. The surgery under extracorporeal circulation reconstructed the wall of the left ventricle with a double patch.

[Coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction: Short- and long-term outcomes]. / Pontage coronaire chez les patients en dysfonction systolique sévère du ventricule gauche : résultats à court et à long terme.

BACKGROUND: Ischemic heart disease with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction is a poor prognosis. Coronary artery bypass grafting is the gold treatment in this population, despite high surgical risk. AIM: The aim of our study is to evaluate the short- and long-term outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with ischemic heart disease and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVEF≤35%). METHODS: Between May 1995 and December 2010, 171 patients with ischemic heart disease and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVEF≤35%) underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. Hospital mortality, postoperative morbidity, all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and major adverse cardiovascular events (heart failure, recurrent angina, myocardial infarction, stroke) were evaluated. The mean follow-up was 9.3±5 years. RESULTS: Hospital mortality was 9.9%. Postoperative morbidity was 36.9%. Overall survival at 1-, 5- and 10-years was 97.4%, 90.5% and 43.4%, respectively. Freedom from cardiovascular death at 1-, 5- and 10-years was 98.1%, 91.8% and 55.4%, respectively. Freedom from recurrent angina at 1-, 5- and 10-years was 95.5%, 84.8% and 44.9%, respectively. Freedom from heart failure at 1-, 5- and 10-years was 89.9%, 86,8% and 53.3%, respectively. Freedom from major adverse cardiovascular events at 1-, 5- and 10-years was 88%, 82.1% and 38.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, coronary artery bypass grafting can be performed in patients with ischemic heart disease and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction with acceptable hospital morbidity and mortality and long-term survival.

[Impact of mitral annuloplasty combined with surgical revascularization in ischemic mitral regurgitation]. / Impact de l'annuloplastie mitrale combinée à la revascularisation chirurgicale dans l'insuffisance mitrale ischémique.

INTRODUCTION: Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation (IMR) is a serious complication of coronary artery disease and is associated with a poor prognosis. The optimal surgical treatment of IMR involves controversies in its indications and modalities. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether mitral annuloplasty associated with surgical revascularization improved short and mid terms outcomes compared with revascularization alone in patients with IMR. METHODS: Between January 2007 and January 2011, 81 patients operated on Department of Cardiovascular Surgery "B" were included in this study divided into 3 groups. Group 1: 28 patients with IMR had mitral valve surgery associated with surgical revascularization. Group 2: 26 patients with IMR had surgical revascularization without mitral valve surgery. Group 3: 27 patients without IMR had isolated revascularization. Clinical end-points were operative mortality, late mortality, postoperative functional status (NYHA), and the Effective Regurgitant Orifice (ERO) at last follow-up. The mean follow-up was 5 years for groups 1 and 2 and 4 years for group 3. RESULTS: There was no difference between the 3 groups regarding age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, and extension of coronary artery disease. The Left Ventricle End Diastolic Diameter (LVEDD) and the Left Ventricle Ejection Fraction (LVEF) were slightly different. Late and operative mortality were higher in group 2 compared to groups 1 and 3. Postoperative functional status (NYHA) improved both in groups 1 and 2. In group 1, there was a decrease in ERO. CONCLUSION: Mitral annuloplasty combined to revascularization improves symptoms, postoperative ERO and short- and mid-term survival compared with revascularization alone.

[Aortic infective endocarditis: Value of surgery. About 48 cases]. / Endocardite infectieuse aortique : intérêt de la chirurgie. À propos de 48 cas.

INTRODUCTION: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious disease whose prognosis depends on early management. Aortic location is characterized by its evolution toward myocardial failure and the high number of complications reasons for early surgery. AIM: To compare the short- and mid-terms results of surgery for aortic infective endocarditis (IE) in the active phase and the healed phase. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively the data of 48 consecutive patients operated for aortic infective endocarditis between January 2000 and January 2012. The data on operative mortality, morbidity and major cardiovascular events (mortality, recurrent endocarditis, reintervention, and stroke) were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients (48%) underwent surgery during the active phase (group I), 19 on native and 4 on prosthetic valves, and 25 patients (52%) were operated during healed endocarditis (group II) only on native valve. Mean age was 39 years (12-81) with a male predominance (83%). Rheumatic valvular disease was the main etiology of underlying valvular disease in both groups (85%). The clinical feature was dominated by signs of cardiogenic shock in group I and dyspnea exertion stage III-IV NYHA in group II. Streptococcus and Staphylococcus germs were most frequently encountered. Indication for surgery was heart failure in group I, it was related to the symptoms, the severity of valvular disease and its impact on the left ventricle in group II. An aortic valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis was performed in the majority of cases (83%). Postoperative mortality concerned only one patient in group I. Twenty-one patients (44%) were followed for a mean of 30 months (1-72). One patient in group II died following cerebral hemorrhagic stroke related to accident with vitamin K antagonist. In both groups, there was an improvement in the functional class. No recurrence of endocarditis was noted in both groups during follow-up. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of infective endocarditis of the aortic valve is severe due to the fast progression to heart failure. Early medical and surgical approach provides good results on morbidity and mortality in the short- and mid-terms.

Mitral valve replacement as unusual cause of discrete sub-aortic membrane.

We report the case of 50 year-old woman who presented with left ventricle outflow tract obstruction with discrete sub-aortic membrane 20 years following mitral valve replacement and tricuspid valve annuloplasty. We aim through this case, on one hand to report this unusual entity and on the other hand to discuss the underlying mechanisms as well as the therapeutic solutions.

[Complex renal tumors on solitary kidney: results of ex vivo nephron-sparing surgery with autotransplantation]. / Tumeurs rénales complexes sur rein unique : résultats de la chirurgie partielle ex vivo avec autotransplantation.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the complications and the oncologic and functional results after ex vivo surgery and autotransplantation for the treatment of complex renal tumors. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From 1996 to 2009, 11 patients, mean age 54.8 years, underwent ex vivo nephron-sparing surgery and autotransplantation for malignant complex renal tumors (centrorenal or hilar topography) on an anatomic or functional solitary kidney. Three patients (27.2 %) were treated for a metastatic disease. RESULTS: Mean operative time was 340 minutes (240-440) and mean ischemia time was 162 minutes (110-231). Five patients (45.4 %) needed peroperative blood transfusion. Mean hospital stay was 21.5 days (8-50). Eight patients (72.7 %) suffered complications: two urinary fistulas, two early vascular thrombosis leading to nephrectomy and permanent dialysis, two pneumopathies and four acute tubular necrosis leading to temporary dialysis. There was no death among patients in early postoperative period. Tumors TNM staging ranged from pT1 to pT3aN0. Surgical positive margins were observed in three cases (27.2 %). With a mean follow-up of 37.8 months (3-144), the mean MDRD creatinine clearance was of 45.4 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and four patients (36.4 %) were presenting a complete remission. We observed two local recurrences (18.2 %) and five metastatic evolutions (45.4 %) leading to two deaths (18.2 %). CONCLUSION: Ex vivo nephron-sparing surgery was an acceptable option in the treatment of complex renal tumors for imperative indications, when in situ surgery appeared to be technically unfeasible. Despite a significative morbidity, long-term functional results were satisfying.

[Bone-anchored suburethral sling complicated by pubic osteomyelitis: a case report]. / Bandelette sous-urétrale avec ancrage osseux compliquée d'une ostéomyélite pubienne : à propos de deux cas.

The bulbo-urethral compression through a non-resorbable sling is a new therapeutic approach in the management of male stress urinary incontinence after prostatic surgery. Several slings are being evaluated and their way of fixing is variable according to the technique adopted. The InVancetrade mark process ensures bulbo-urethral compression by a synthetic sling anchored to the ischio-pubic rami through several titanium screws. We report the case of two patients whose operating suites of the InVancetrade mark bone-anchored male sling surgery have been marked by the appearance of a perineal suppuration associated with a pubic osteomyelitis. The healing was achieved after explantation of the material implanted (screws and sling) with bone debridement and prolonged antibiotics.

[Conservative mitral valve surgery in the treatment of mitral regurgitation due to infective endocarditis. Report of 21 cases]. / La chirurgie conservatrice mitrale dans le traitement de l'insuffisance mitrale infectieuse. A propos de 21 cas.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the feasibility of mitral valve repair in patients with infective endocarditis (IE). METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-seven patients operated for mitral endocarditis between 1995 and 2005; 21 underwent mitral valve repair. The repair was performed for acute endocarditis in seven patients at a median of 14 days after the onset of treatment and 14 patients for healed endocarditis after a median of six months. RESULTS: Mitral valve repair was feasible in 21 patients (45%). This repair involved mitral annuloplasty in 16 patients (76%), shortening or transposition of chordae in 10 patients (48%), a pericardial patch in five patients (24%), and suture of perforation in two patients (9%). Associated procedures were aortic valve replacement in seven patients and tricuspid annuloplasty in two. There were no operative deaths. The mean follow up was five years (one to 11). One patient was reoperated for severe mitral regurgitation and another had a stroke due to cerebrovascular embolism in the first postoperative years. No recurrence of infectious endocarditis occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Mitral valve repair in IE gives satisfactory results in terms of survival and symptomatic improvement with a low operative risk. With antibiotic therapy, it provides a cure of mitral lesions even when carried out in the acute phase of endocarditis. Finally, it feasible in several cases with excellent results.

[Takayasu's arteritis revealed by aortic regurgitation with ascending aortic aneurysm (About 2 cases)]. / Maladie de Takayasu révélée par une fuite aortique massive associée à un anévrisme de l'aorte ascendante (A propos de deux cas opérés).

Aortic regurgitation caused by non-specific aortitis is relatively rare, and is now considered as an important risk factor related to mortality. Aortic valve replacement surgery is the only curative treatment. Aneurismal dilatation of the ascending thoracic aorta associated with aortic regurgitation is a rare involvement in Takayasu, there are many difficult problems in surgical treatment of this lesion, because of its inflammatory nature, so steroid therapy before and after surgery is therefore vital. We report the cases of tow young Moroccans women (32-35 years-old) with an ascending aortic aneurism associated to aortic insufficiency. The subsequent evaluation of the entire aorta, demonstrated the presence of multiple steno-occlusive lesions. Aortic valve replacement was performed associated with graft replacement of the ascending aorta without coronary artery reimplantation. Histopathological examination of the ascending aorta and aortic valve, showed findings in favour Takayasu's arteritis.

[Results of the surgical closure of ventricular septal defects of various ages: report of 30 cases]. / Résultats de la fermeture chirurgicale des communications interventriculaires à tous les âges. A propos de 30 cas.

OBJECTIVE: To appreciate short and midterm results of patients after surgical closure of the ventricular septal defect. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study is retrospective and took place in the department of cardiovascular surgery "B", Ibn-Sina hospital, Rabat, Morocco. Between 1995 and 2005, 30 patients underwent a surgical closure of ventricular septal defect. Eighteen patients (60%) were males and twelve (40%) were females with a mean age of 10 years (18 months-36 years). Seven patients (23%) were older than 16 years. All of ventricular septal defects were type 2, unique and most of them perimembranous (70%). Four patients (13%), were older than 16 years, had a significant aortic insufficiency that has dictated the aortotomy for ventricular septal defect repair. The surgical approach through the right atriotomy was sufficient for complete repair in 22 patients (73%). Closure of the defect has been done using a pericardial autologous patch in 28 patients (93%). RESULTS: No operative mortality was observed. The mean follow-up was five years. Eight patients (26%) had a residual ventricular septal defect that progressed to spontaneous closure. Two patients (6%) had a residual pulmonary hypertension and two others a moderate aortic regurgitation. The four patients were older than 16 years. Echocardiography showed a significant reduction in left ventricular dimension and systolic pulmonary artery pressure. At last follow-up, 87% of the patients were in NYHA class 1. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that surgical closure of ventricular septal defect ensures a good outcome in short and midterm. Nevertheless, the risk of delayed complications justifies long-term and regular follow-up.

La tuberculose genitale masculine : a propos de 22 cas

Objectif : Rapporter les particularites epidemiologiques; anatomo-cliniques; pronostiques et therapeutiques de l'atteinte genitale masculine de la tuberculose avec revue de la litterature. Patients et methodes : Il s'agit d'une etude retrospective portant sur 22 cas de lesions genitales de tuberculose confirmees. Le diagnostic a ete pose sur un faisceau d'arguments cliniques; bacteriologiques; radiologiques et histologiques. Un traitement anti-tuberculeuse a ete instauree systematiquement. La surveillance a ete clinique; biologique et radiologique. Resultats: Les motifs de consultation ont ete par ordre de frequence decroissant : l'epididymite chronique (11 cas); une fistule scrotale (6 cas); une hydrocele (6 cas); une retention d'urine (3 cas) et une sterilite (1 cas). L'examen clinique a retrouve un nodule epididymaire dans 11 cas et une hydrocele dans 10 cas. Une leucocyturie sans germe a ete retrouvee dans un cas. L'echographie scrotale realisee a mis en evidence des lesions epididymaires dans 8 cas. Le diagnostic de certitude a ete pose sur l'examen anatomopathologique des pieces operatoires (13 cas); de fragments biopsiques (8 cas); et par la decouverte du bacille de Koch dans les urines (1 cas). L'urographie intraveineuse realisee systematiquement a retrouve des lesions urinaires associees dans 5 cas. L'evolution a ete favorable dans tous les cas.Conclusion: L'atteinte tuberculeuse isolee des organes genitaux masculins est de diagnostic difficile en dehors d'un contexte endemique tuberculeux. Une etiologie tuberculeuse doit etre suspectee devant toute orchiepidydimite trainante; particulierement sur terrain debilite ou devant une notion d'hypofertilite. Le traitement medical reste efficace en cas de diagnostic precoce; alors que la chirurgie est reservee aux cas resistants ou compliques

[Continuous spectrum analysis during anesthesia and the recovery period in infants under 1 year of age]. / Analyse spectrale continue de l'EEG lors de l'anesthésie et du réveil chez l'enfant de moins de 1 an.

Continuous spectral EEG activity monitoring has been used in adults as a monitor of brain activity during anesthesia. It has not been used in infants. We studied 22 infants less than 7 months old undergoing minor surgery. Halothane alone or minimal Halothane anesthesia associated with caudal epidural anesthesia were used. Life-Scan analysis, in spite of wide individual variations, allowed us to detect infraclinical hypoxia episodes, it provided informations about operative confort, depth of anesthesia and added in the post-operative period an objective criteria to clinical evaluation of pain. A wide use of such a monitoring is warranted in infants.

[Spectrum analysis of the electroencephalographic signal using the Life-Scan method during the early months of life]. / Utilisation de l'analyse spectrale du signal électroencéphalographique selon le procédé Life-Scan au cours des premiers mois de la vie.

EEG activity in infants is difficult to assess because of the fast development of brain activity during the first months of life. EEG spectral activity monitoring seems to be easier than non processed EEG analysis. We studied processed EEG aspects in infants less than one year old. As in previous studies, we found an early lack of dominant frequency with slow activity alone with subsequent wanderning of the dominant frequency from slow towards faster frequencies.