ABSTRACT
The paper deals with the data on relative five-year survival in most frequently occurring cancers reported by The All-Union Center for the Evaluation of Effectiveness of Cancer Treatment for the USSR (1974-1980). The data were compared with those of a similar SEER (USA) program for 1973-1979.
Subject(s)
Neoplasms/mortality , Female , Humans , Male , Registries , Sex Factors , USSR , United StatesABSTRACT
The dynamics of survival in gastric cancer patients treated at Soviet hospitals within 1974-1980 is discussed. Total five-year survival in those admitted to hospitals was 11% and relative one--13%; with regards to those discharged from hospitals, these indexes were 12 and 14%, respectively. Radical surgery alone (stages I-II) and in combination with radiotherapy (stage III) proved the most effective. Longer survival was registered in those patients with stage IV tumors who had undergone surgery followed by chemotherapy. On the whole, the effectiveness of treatment of gastric cancer patients admitted to Soviet hospitals was shown to be identical or even higher than in developed European countries and USA.
Subject(s)
Registries , Stomach Neoplasms/mortality , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Combined Modality Therapy , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Sex Factors , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Stomach Neoplasms/therapy , USSRABSTRACT
The paper discusses the tumor characteristics and long-term results of treatment of 6875 cases of rectal cancer admitted to oncological institutions of the USSR within 1968-1980. Stage I-IIa ("minimal") tumors were detected in 9.4% of patients. Organ-saving procedures (local excision included) were performed in 57%. Five-year actuarial survival following surgery was 63% according to the All-Union Center for Research on Effectiveness of Cancer Treatment and 74%--according to the N. N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology data.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma/epidemiology , Rectal Neoplasms/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Carcinoma/mortality , Carcinoma/pathology , Carcinoma/therapy , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology , Neoplasm Staging , Rectal Neoplasms/mortality , Rectal Neoplasms/pathology , Rectal Neoplasms/therapy , USSRABSTRACT
The report discusses the results of a sampling survey conducted by the All-Union Center for Research in Efficacy of Neoplasm Treatment. The study was based on the data on 7173 inpatients with lung cancer treated at 38 oncological establishments in the USSR in 1974-1980. Survival was evaluated versus sex, age, stage and treatment modality. Average 5-year survival was 9%, relative survival rate--10%. The scope of therapeutic effort needed to assure maximum survival for each stage was established. The available resources for stepping up the effectiveness of medical help were identified on the basis of relative survival levels.
Subject(s)
Lung Neoplasms/mortality , Adult , Aged , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The paper discusses procedures used at Soviet oncological establishment for the treatment of 11,089 cases of lung cancer within 1968-1972 and 1974-1980. Stage I-II cancer was diagnosed in 24%, while stage III--in 41 and stage IV--in 35%. Radical treatment was carried out in 20%. Radiation, chemotherapy and chemoradiation treatment were most frequently used in 1974-1980 (18, 20 and 10% of patients, respectively).
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/therapy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy , Carcinoma/therapy , Lung Neoplasms/therapy , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Adult , Aged , Cancer Care Facilities , Carcinoma/epidemiology , Carcinoma/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Palliative Care , Pneumonectomy , USSRABSTRACT
A program for evaluating measures taken for rehabilitation of radically-treated patients with tumors of the lung, breast, ovary and endometrium is discussed. The study included patients on the cancer register for at least 6-60 months. It was based on the data on type of tumor process, treatment modality and characteristics of health status and working ability before and after therapy. The study used forms for computer evaluation of rehabilitation efficacy and encoder-type instructions for filling them.
Subject(s)
Neoplasms/rehabilitation , Rehabilitation, Vocational , Work Capacity Evaluation , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms/therapy , SoftwareABSTRACT
Out of 350 hospitalized cases of esophageal carcinoma in the upper thoracic segment, stage III-IV tumors were identified in 82.8%. A retarded seeking of medical advice was chiefly responsible for the advancement of tumors. Radical surgery was performed in 32 (9.1%) patients only. The percentage of radically-treated cases could have been greater, if there had been fewer refusals to operate and to be operated on both on the part of patients and doctors who would object to surgery on the grounds of concomitant pathology or the patient's age. Radiotherapy, used in 197 (72.7%) patients as a sole method of treatment, was followed by remission in 68%.
Subject(s)
Esophageal Neoplasms/therapy , Aged , Chronic Disease , Combined Modality Therapy , Esophageal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Esophagus/surgery , Female , Hospitalization , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Palliative Care , Patient Compliance , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Esophageal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Palliative Care , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
A model for making individual prognosis in uterine choriocarcinoma was developed using clinical data on 166 cases. The Neumann-Pearson method was employed to determine the role of varying presence of 20 most significant prognostic factors which describe the peculiarities of the body, tumor process and its response to therapy. A comparison in a control group showed a 95% coincidence between prognosis and actual survival.
Subject(s)
Choriocarcinoma/diagnosis , Uterine Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adult , Choriocarcinoma/mortality , Female , Humans , Mathematics , Methods , Pregnancy , Prognosis , Risk , Uterine Neoplasms/mortalityABSTRACT
The paper discusses the results of an evaluation of therapeutic modalities and survival of 9,199 breast cancer patients treated at Soviet oncological establishments in 1974-1980. The case distribution was as follows: stage I-II--51, III--38 and IV--10%. Relative five-year survival rate averaged 55% for all the patients under study (stage I--86, II--68, III--39 and IV--12%). The highest 5-year survival rate was registered in cases of combined treatment (surgery + irradiation and/or chemohormonotherapy).
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , PrognosisSubject(s)
Neoplasms/mortality , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Statistics as Topic , Stomach Neoplasms/mortality , USSRABSTRACT
The report deals with certain factors preventing radical treatment of lung cancer as well as recommendations with respect to cutting down the number of totally-untreated patients and those who are not treated radically. Out of the total of 11,110 patients, radical treatment was carried out in 2,664; far-advanced cases--4,124; 2,527 patients refused to be operated on: surgery was contraindicated because of concomitant diseases in 840, and surgery was refused in consideration of advanced age in 1,157 cases. It was shown that the proportion of radically-operated cases can be increased by 176,2% (2,264 surgical cases taken as 100%) provided that patients' mistrust of surgery leading to refusal is overcome, contraindications for surgery due to concomitant diseases are established on a more realistic basis and radical treatment is not contraindicated for the mere reason of advanced age.
Subject(s)
Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/complications , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Metastasis , Palliative CareABSTRACT
The probability procedure of Neuman -Pearson (method of maximal credibility) was used for the quantitative description of factors of prognosis of edematous form of breast cancer in terms of specific gravities . A complex evaluation of these factors was carried out. The reliability of prognosis made on the basis of the factors under study was as high as 79%.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Edema/pathology , Adult , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Combined Modality Therapy , Edema/mortality , Edema/therapy , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Metastasis , Probability , Prognosis , RiskSubject(s)
Mortality , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Life Expectancy , Male , Middle Aged , USSRABSTRACT
The methods of treatment of 1,410 cases of soft tissue sarcoma were compared. Tumor was less than 5 cm only in 19.4% of patients admitted to the hospital by the beginning of treatment. Radical surgery was performed in 65.3% of cases, it still remaining the major procedure of treatment. Application of combined (surgery + radiation) treatment is increasingly used, every fourth patient (25.1%) being given this therapy. The percentage of radically-treated cases of soft tissue sarcoma may be raised by 15% unless patients refuse to be operated on.
Subject(s)
Sarcoma/therapy , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Amputation, Surgical , Child , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Palliative Care , Sarcoma/pathology , Sarcoma/surgery , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/surgeryABSTRACT
The paper deals with the evaluation of methods of treatment of 13,170 breast cancer patients. Stage I-II tumors were detected in 53.0% of cases. Surgery which still remains to be the basic method of treatment for breast cancer was used alone or in combination with radiation, chemo- and hormonotherapy in 77.6%. Radical treatment was given to 80.0% of patients under 55 years and 44.0% aged 75 and more. The number of cases who received symptomatic therapy decreased from 4.9 to 3.5%, while the percentage of combined (radiosurgical) treatment increased from 21.1 in 1968-1972 to 30.9% in 1974-1978.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Adult , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Mastectomy , Middle Aged , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The paper discusses automated screening procedures for detection of precancerous and tumor lesions in gastrointestinal organs in factory and office workers. These procedures include application of computers and a classifying matrix (a table of syndromes) in the processing of data obtained by means of questionnaires. Automated screening method provides a rationale for selection of subjects who should undergo further instrumental examination. Its application makes the work of medical staff at the initial stage of mass screening unnecessary. It also provides for standardization of procedures of screening for those who should be further examined for precancerous and tumor lesions in the esophagus, stomach, colon and rectum.
