[Susceptibility of non-typhi Salmonella spp. at the Galdakao Hospital (1992-1998)]. / Estudio de sensibilidad de Salmonella spp. no typhi en el Hospital de Galdakao (1992 a 1998).

Non-typhi Salmonella spp. are a common cause of gastroenteritis. In patients with a greater risk of bacteremia (those with immunosuppression, cardiovascular abnormalities, prostheses, those older than 50, especially those with atherosclerosis, and neonates) the need for antibiotic treatment may be affected by the presence of resistance. We retrospectively studied the evolution of antibiotic resistance of 917 strains isolated from feces, during the period between January 1992 and May 1998. Resistances of 32.1% to ampicillin, 14.6% to amoxicillin- clavulanic acid, 14.8% to chloramphenicol, 3.5% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 1.8% to gentamicin were found. All the strains were susceptible to cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin. There was a distinct increase in the ampicillin resistance (12.9% in 1992 to 52.5% in 1998), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (8.3% in 1992 to 23% in 1998), chloramphenicol (8.3% in 1994 to 23% in 1998) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (0% in 1992 to 6.6% in 1998). The typhimurium serotype showed higher resistance levels than the enteritidis serotype. Ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (in children), used as first-choice antibiotics in patients with intestinal infections caused by non-typhi Salmonella spp., show excellent activity in our area.

Estudio de sensibilidad de Salmonella spp. no typhi en el Hospital de Galdakao (1992 a 1998) / Study of the susceptibility of non-typhi Salmonella spp. in the Galdakao Hospital (1992 to 1998)

Salmonella spp. no typhi es causa frecuente de infecciones intestinales. En los pacientes con mayor riesgo de bacteriemia (inmunodeprimidos, pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares, portadores de prótesis, arteriosclerosis en mayores de 50 años, neoplasias, neonatos), la necesidad de tratamiento antibiótico puede verse dificultada por la aparición de resistencias. Estudiamos de forma retrospectiva la evolución de las resistencias en 917 cepas aisladas en heces desde enero de 1992 hasta mayo de 1998. De éstas, el 32,1 por ciento fueron resistentes a la ampicilina, el 14,6 por ciento a amoxicilina-ácido clavulánico, el 14,8 por ciento a cloranfenicol, el 3,5 por ciento a trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol y el 1,8 por ciento a gentamicina. Todas las cepas fueron sensibles a la cefotaxima y el ciprofloxacino. Observamos un aumento significativo de resistencia a la ampicilina (12,9 por ciento en 1992 a 52,5 por ciento en 1998), amoxicilina-ácido clavulánico (8,3 por ciento en 1992 a 23 por ciento en 1998), cloranfenicol (12,3 por ciento en 1994 a 18,2 por ciento en 1998) y trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol (0 por ciento en 1992 a 6,6 por ciento en 1998). El serotipo tiphymurium fue significativamente más resistente que el serotipo enteritidis. Ciprofloxacino y trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol (en niños), tratamientos de elección de infecciones intestinales por Salmonella spp. no typhi, en los casos descritos, mantienen una actividad excelente en nuestro medio (AU)

Diagnosis of candidosis by amplification of small subunit of 18S rRNA gene.

A PCR assay for the diagnosis of infection produced by Candida sp. was developed. The primers, designated 520 and 522, were selected from highly-conserved areas of the small subunit (ssu) 18S rRNA gene of Candida spp. To check the value of the results a Candida albicans oligonucleotide probe, digoxigenin-labeled, and a general Candida probe were used in hybridization experiments with the amplified products. We were able to detect a Candida- specific fragment of 1800 bp from different clinical samples. The procedure described could provide an interesting complement to present diagnostic methods of detecting Candida sp in clinical samples.