RADIATION DAMAGE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND ENDOCANABINOIDS. / RADIATsIINE URAZhENNIa NERVOVOÏ SYSTEMY I ENDOKANABINOÏDY.

The review analyzes the change of the existing paradigm of high radioresistance of the nervous system according tothe results of the study of neuropsychiatric disorders in in the aftermath of the Chornobyl accident in both earlyand remote post-accident period. The participation of the endocannabinoid system in ensuring homeostasis andpathology formation, potential possibilities of using cannabis drugs, agonists and antagonists of endocannabinoidreceptors for the treatment of early and long-term effects of radiation are considered.

Transgeneration effects of N-stearoylethanolamine in irradiated rats. / TRANSGENERATsIY̆NI EFEKTY N-STEAROÏLETANOLAMINU V OPROMINENYKh ShchURIV.

OBJECTIVE: to explore possible transgeneration effects in the rats offspring of the first generation of parents subject ed to the combined effects of N stearoylethanolamine (NSE) and external exposure.Materials and metods. In the first generation rats of both sexes born to parents who have experienced the combined influence of ionizing radiation at a dose of 2.0 Gy and NSE a daily dose of 50.0 mg/kg, administered before or after exposure indicators of pro and antioxidant systems (the concentration of TBA reactive products, catalase and glu tathione peroxidase activity in plasma) were defined, concentrations of sex hormones testosterone and estradiol and nitrite anion were studied. RESULTS: Irradiation of parents caused a three fold reduction of testosterone in the blood plasma of males progeny, increased activity of catalase in plasma of female offsprings, as well as significantly increased the concentration of protein in the offsprings' blood plasma of both sexes. Introduction of NSE to parents before exposure caused the acti vation of lipid peroxidation in plasma of both sexes offsprings' against the background of a trustworthy decrease in activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and glutathione peroxidase), however, prevented a sharp reduction of testosterone content in the blood plasma of males offsprings, conditioned by the influence of radiation on the body of their parents. NSE introduction to parents after exposure caused no significant violations of pro/ antioxidant bal ance in the body of both sexes progeny, but did not eliminate the negative impact of parental exposure to testos terone levels in male offsprings. CONCLUSION: The transgeneration impact of NSE is manifested by radio sensitizing properties in the first generation offsprings in case of application to parents before irradiation.

Potential use of N-stearoylethanolamine in radiation medicine. / POTENTsIYNI MOZhLYVOSTI VYKORYSTANNIa N-STEAROILETANOLAMINU V RADIATsIYNIY MEDYTsYNI.

A new class of biologically active compounds N-acylethanolamines with properties of endogenous cannabinoids are considered in the terms of promising use in radiation medicine both in the acute phase for the prevention and treatment of ionizing radiation damage and in remote period for the treatment of the effects of exposure.

Peculiarity of changes of peripheral blood hematological indices in rats under N-stearoilethanolamine administration conditioned by combined effects of ionizing radiation and stress. / Osoblyvosti zmin gematologichnyh pokaznykiv peryferychnoi' krovi shhuriv pry vvedenni N-stearoi'letanolaminu za umov kombinovanoi' dii' ionizujuchogo vyprominjuvannja ta stresu.

UNLABELLED: Objective - to investigate the peculiarities of peripheral blood indices changes in rats under the N-stearoiletanolamine treatment before and after combined effects of ionizing radiation and stress. METHODS: hematological, statistical. RESULTS: Per oral administration of NSE (10,0 mg / kg) before and after the combined effects of single whole-body irradiation (6.0 Gy) and emotionally-algesic stress (foot-shock) leads to reduction in the number of circulating peripheral blood cells, increasing signs of damage of the hematopoietic system with accelerated exhaustion processes. Conclusions. NSE administration (10,0 mg / kg) in rats under the combined influence of ionizing radiation (6 Gy) and emotionally-algesic stress slows down the course of regenerative processes and accelerates the depletion of the hematopoietic system, proving for its radiosensitizing effects.

[Effect of N-stearoylethanolamine on free amino acid levels in rat plasma and liver with burn].

The effect of the endocannabinoid congener N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE) on the content of plasma and liver free amino acids in burned rats was studied. The animals after the thermal burn of the skin received per os during 7 days the water suspension of NSE in the doze 10 mg/kg of body weight. In the other group of rats the suspension was applied on the wound (the concentration of NSE was 10 mg/ml). In experimental animals the total amount of free amino acids in plasma decreased after burn while the total amount of free amino acids in liver significantly increased. In burn animals the ratio of plasma and liver Phe/Tyr and Gly/Val was found to be augmented while the Fischer ratio (Ile+Leu+Val/Phe+Tyr) diminished compared with intact rats. It was shown for the first time that NSE caused normalization of the concentration of some free amino acids and of Phe/Tyr, Gly/Val ratios, and the Fischer ratio in blood plasma and liver of rats with the burn injury. Altogether, these data demonstrate that NSE possesses adaptogenic properties, and is involved in the organism response to a burn. These findings suggest possibility of NSE usage for burn treatment.

[Cardioprotective effect of N-stearoylethanolamine under the anaphylactic shock in guinea pigs].

It was shown for the first time that endogenous cannabimimetic compound N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE) administered at the dose 65 mg/kg of body weight during two weeks before anaphylaxis had cardioprotective properties on the model of anaphylactic shock in the guinea pigs. NSE reliably normalized the content of histamine and nitric oxide, decreased the activity both inducible and constitutive NO-synthases, prevented accumulation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and normalized the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in cardiomyocytes of animals under anaphylaxis. About of 70% of the NSE-treated animals survived under the anaphylactic shock. The present work indicates that NSE may influence the allergic reaction of immediate type and can possibly be used for design of a new type of antiallergic preparations and cardioprotective preparations as well.

[Changes of nitric oxide level at different stages of primary open-angle glaucoma]. / Izmenenie urovnia oksida azota na raznykh stadiiakh pervichnoi otkrytougol'noi glaukomy.

The contents of NO stable metabolites in tears, and blood serum of the patients with different stages of open-angle glaucoma have been studied. The increasing of NO stable metabolite contents was found in tears, aqueous humor and blood serum during glaucoma progression. The depletion of glaucoma pathogenesis oxidative link was found at the terminal stage of the disease. The results of our investigation are proposed to be used for glaucoma diagnostic.

[In vitro study of the early membrane effects of C27-steroid hormone ecdysterone, immobilized on the nanodispersed magnetite surface]. / Doslidzhennia in vitro rannikh membrannikh efektiv C27-steroïdnoho hormonu ekdysteronu, immobilizovannoho na poverkhni nanodyspersnoho mahnetytu.

The object of the study was to reveal the existence of receptor interactions of C27-steroid hormone ecdysterone with the surface of various cells (liver and spleen macrophages, thymus and spleen lymphocytes, erythrocytes and hepatocytes from rat organs) in experiments in vitro using ecdysterone immobilized on the nanodispersed iron surface (which did not penetrate the cell during observation) and the model of fast (during 15 s) activation of phospholipid signal system with ecdysterone. The parameters, which are characteristic of cell phospholipid signal system activation, were evaluated (the concentrations of free arachidonic acid, diene conjugates, tromboxane B2 and leukotriene C4) and its alteration in response to free and immobilized ecdysterone introduction in suspensins of intact cells and cells with the surface modified in vivo by pre-injection of antigen (human erythrocytes). Concurrent binding of immbilized ecdysterone with intact rat cells in the presence of free ecdysterone was also investigated. It was established that there are high-affinity ecdysterone-specific binding sites on the plasma membranes of all cells investigated, Kd estimated according to two different methods varied in the region of 10(-8)-10(-7) M. The characteristic features of the changes in parameters characteristic of phospholipid system activation were revealed to be queite similar in intact cells, as well as in cells with modified surfaces, under introduction of free ecdysterone and immobilized ecdysterone, which did not penetrate into cytosole. The data obtained point to the existence of ecdysterone receptors on the surface of cells plasma membranes and are indicative of the membrane effects as mechanisms of the early pregenomic phase of cells activation by ecdysterone.

[Immunomodulating effect of ecdysterones]. / Immunomoduliatornyi éffekt ékdisteronov.

Ecdysterone, its 20-desoxy-derivative alpha-ecdysone, their 2-desoxy-derivatives ecdysterone 2, 3, 22-triacetate and preparation BTI-4 have been studied for their effect on [3H]-thymidine incorporation in different populations of animal and human lymphocytes. It is shown the ecdysteron and its analogs in concentrations of 10(-12)-10(-5) M take considerable stimulating effect on DNA biosynthesis in animal lymphocytes activated by polyclonal mitogens. The concentration of ecdysterone being increased to 10(-4) m one can observe complete inhibition of activating effect of polyclonal mitogens. Effect of the studied ecdysteroids did not considerably depend on their structure. In case of splenocytes the stimulating effect of ecdysterone on DNA biosynthesis is less expressed than in the case of activated thymocytes. Ecdysterone was established to have considerable inhibiting effect on DNA biosynthesis in the culture of activated Con A cells of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of healthy donors.

[Lipid and fatty acid composition of Eisenia foetida]. / Sostav lipidov i zhirnykh kislot tkanei chervia Eisenia foetida.

It is found out that the content of lipids in the biomass of the studied populations of Eisenia foetida is rather high: 2.5-5.2% of the wet mass. The content of phospholipids is 40-55%, C27-sterols--1.5-3.4% of the mass of coarse extracts of lipids. Lipids of tissues contain also 47-54% of saturated (C10-C24) fatty acids as well as to 23% of monoene and to 13% of polyene unsaturated (C14-C22) fatty acids. The acids with the odd number of carbon atoms compose about 25% and acids with a branched carbon chain about 23% of the above percentage. Considerable content of lipids and biologically active fatty acids in tissues of the studied object permits considering it as a promising source of raw materials for production of valuable pharmacological preparations.