ABSTRACT
Introducción y objetivos La práctica de actividad física (AF) es un factor protector contra las enfermedades cardiovasculares y la mortalidad. Sin embargo, el patrón de esta relación aún no está claro. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la relación de la AF recreativa con los eventos cardiovasculares y la mortalidad total en una población española. Métodos Cohorte prospectiva de 11.158 individuos de la población general. La AF recreativa se evaluó mediante un cuestionario validado y se identificaron los casos mortales y los eventos cardiovasculares en el seguimiento (mediana, 7,24 años). La asociación entre la AF recreativa y los eventos de interés se analizó mediante modelos aditivos generalizados multivariados. Resultados Se observó una relación no lineal entre la AF recreativa y la mortalidad total y los eventos cardiovasculares. La AF moderada-vigorosa se asoció con estos efectos beneficiosos, pero no la AF ligera. Se identificó un umbral en 400 MET-min/día; por debajo de este, cada aumento de 100 MET-min/día se asociaba con una reducción del riesgo de mortalidad total del 16% (HR=0,84; IC95%, 0,77-0,91), del riesgo de mortalidad cardiovascular del 27% (HR=0,73; IC95%, 0,61-0,87) y del de eventos cardiovasculares del 12% (HR=0,88; IC95%, 0,79-0,99). Por encima de 400 MET-min/día no se observó un beneficio adicional. Conclusiones Existe una relación inversa y no lineal de la AF recreativa de intensidad moderada-vigorosa con la enfermedad cardiovascular y la mortalidad. Los beneficios ya se observan a bajos niveles de AF, con un beneficio máximo a niveles que corresponden a 3-5 veces las recomendaciones actuales. (AU)
Introduction and objectives Regular leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) has been consistently recognized as a protective factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and all-cause mortality. However, the pattern of this relationship is still not clear. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of LTPA with incident CVD and mortality in a Spanish population. Methods A prospective population-based cohort of 11 158 randomly selected inhabitants from the general population. LTPA was assessed by a validated questionnaire. Mortality and CVD outcomes were registered during the follow-up (median: 7.24 years). The association between LTPA and outcomes of interest (all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease) was explored using a generalized additive model with penalized smoothing splines and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. Results We observed a significant nonlinear association between LTPA and all-cause and CVD mortality, and fatal and nonfatal CVD. Moderate-vigorous intensity LTPA, but not light-intensity LTPA, were associated with beneficial effects. The smoothing splines identified a cutoff at 400 MET-min/d. Below this threshold, each increase of 100 MET-min/d in moderate-vigorous LTPA contributed with a 16% risk reduction in all-cause mortality (HR, 0.84; 95%CI, 0.77-0.91), a 27% risk reduction in CVD mortality (HR, 0.73; 95%CI, 0.61-0.87), and a 12% risk reduction in incident CVD (HR, 0.88; 95%CI, 0.79-0.99). No further benefits were observed beyond 400 MET-min/d. Conclusions Our results support a nonlinear inverse relationship between moderate-vigorous LTPA and CVD and mortality. Benefits of PA are already observed with low levels of activity, with a maximum benefit around 3 to 5 times the current recommendations. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Exercise , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy , Exercise Therapy , Spain , Cohort StudiesABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Regular leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) has been consistently recognized as a protective factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and all-cause mortality. However, the pattern of this relationship is still not clear. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of LTPA with incident CVD and mortality in a Spanish population. METHODS: A prospective population-based cohort of 11 158 randomly selected inhabitants from the general population. LTPA was assessed by a validated questionnaire. Mortality and CVD outcomes were registered during the follow-up (median: 7.24 years). The association between LTPA and outcomes of interest (all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease) was explored using a generalized additive model with penalized smoothing splines and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: We observed a significant nonlinear association between LTPA and all-cause and CVD mortality, and fatal and nonfatal CVD. Moderate-vigorous intensity LTPA, but not light-intensity LTPA, were associated with beneficial effects. The smoothing splines identified a cutoff at 400 MET-min/d. Below this threshold, each increase of 100 MET-min/d in moderate-vigorous LTPA contributed with a 16% risk reduction in all-cause mortality (HR, 0.84; 95%CI, 0.77-0.91), a 27% risk reduction in CVD mortality (HR, 0.73; 95%CI, 0.61-0.87), and a 12% risk reduction in incident CVD (HR, 0.88; 95%CI, 0.79-0.99). No further benefits were observed beyond 400 MET-min/d. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support a nonlinear inverse relationship between moderate-vigorous LTPA and CVD and mortality. Benefits of PA are already observed with low levels of activity, with a maximum benefit around 3 to 5 times the current recommendations.
