[Transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscopy and color coding system of intellectual pathology of the mucous membrane in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease].

As gastroesophageal reflux disease is a "disease of the XXI century", the relevance of its diagnosis at early stages is high. Using transnasal fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy, which is significantly better tolerated by patients, and the technology of intelligent color coding of pathology of the mucous membrane FICE, can diagnose the earliest manifestations of GERD in the form of inflammatory noerosive changes in the mucous membrane of the distal esophagus, to evaluate the failure of the lower esophageal sphincter; to make a prognosis for the disease, and to formulate a rational policy of conducting the patient.

Characterization of ion-exchange membrane materials: properties vs structure.

This review focuses on the preparation, structure and applications of ion-exchange membranes formed from various materials and exhibiting various functions (electrodialytic, perfluorinated sulphocation-exchange and novel laboratory-tested membranes). A number of experimental techniques for measuring electrotransport properties as well as the general procedure for membrane testing are also described. The review emphasizes the relationships between membrane structures, physical and chemical properties and mechanisms of electrochemical processes that occur in charged membrane materials. The water content in membranes is considered to be a key factor in the ion and water transfer and in polarization processes in electromembrane systems. We suggest the theoretical approach, which makes it possible to model and characterize the electrochemical properties of heterogeneous membranes using several transport-structural parameters. These parameters are extracted from the experimental dependences of specific electroconductivity and diffusion permeability on concentration. The review covers the most significant experimental and theoretical research on ion-exchange membranes that have been carried out in the Membrane Materials Laboratory of the Kuban State University. These results have been discussed at the conferences "Membrane Electrochemistry", Krasnodar, Russia for many years and were published mainly in Russian scientific sources.