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Cells ; 8(8)2019 08 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31426525

ABSTRACT

Restriction factors are antiviral components of intrinsic immunity which constitute a first line of defense by blocking different steps of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication cycle. In immune cells, HIV infection is also sensed by several pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), leading to type I interferon (IFN-I) and inflammatory cytokines production that upregulate antiviral interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Several studies suggest a link between these two types of immunity. Indeed, restriction factors, that are generally interferon-inducible, are able to modulate immune responses. This review highlights recent knowledge of the interplay between restriction factors and immunity inducing antiviral defenses. Counteraction of this intrinsic and innate immunity by HIV viral proteins will also be discussed.


Subject(s)
HIV Infections/immunology , HIV-1 , Host Microbial Interactions/physiology , Interferon Regulatory Factors/immunology , Interferon Type I/immunology , Receptors, Pattern Recognition/immunology , Animals , Cell Line , HIV-1/immunology , HIV-1/pathogenicity , Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins/immunology , Humans , Immune Evasion/immunology , Mice , Virus Replication/immunology
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