ABSTRACT
A simple and fast ultrasound-assisted procedure for the determination of iron and zinc in infant formulas is presented. The analytical determinations were carried out by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Multivariate experiments were performed for optimization; in addition, a comparative study was carried out using two ultrasonic devices. A method using an ultrasonic bath was selected because several samples can be prepared simultaneously, and there is less contamination risk. Analytical precision (sr(%)) was 3.3% and 4.1% for iron and zinc, respectively. Trueness was assessed using a reference material and by comparison of the results obtained analyzing commercial samples using a reference method. The results were statistically equivalent to the certified values and in good agreement with those obtained using the reference method. The proposed method can be easily implemented in laboratories for routine analysis with the advantage of being rapid and in agreement with green chemistry.
Subject(s)
Infant Formula/chemistry , Iron/chemistry , Milk/chemistry , Spectrophotometry, Atomic/methods , Ultrasonics/methods , Zinc/chemistry , Animals , Cattle , Humans , Iron/analysis , Zinc/analysisABSTRACT
O presente trabalho destina-se a elucidar o tratamento recomendado para as diferentes fases da diverticulite, assim como também esclarece aspectos da progressão da doença diverticular para o processo inflamatório que ocorre no intestino.
This paper is intended to elucidate the recommended treatment for the different stages of diverticulitis, as well as light aspects of diverticular disease progression to the inflammatory process that occurs in the intestine.
Subject(s)
Diverticulitis/therapy , Abdomen, Acute/therapy , Diverticulitis/diagnosisABSTRACT
O presente artigo de revisão tem por objetivo orientar o leitor quanto ao diagnóstico diferencial de otalgia e seus respectivos tratamentos. O trabalho se mostra importante devido a frequente queixa do sintoma nas consultas de emergências.
This review article aims to guide the reader to the differential diagnosis of earache and its treatment. The work is relevant due to the frequent complaint of the symptom in clinical emergencies.
Subject(s)
Earache/diagnosis , Earache/therapy , Medical History TakingABSTRACT
Porto Alegre e comparar a gravidade da doença entre pacientes com um ou mais agentes virais.Métodos: um estudo transversal, realizado entre setembro de 2009 e setembro de 2010, incluiu lactentes de até 12 meses de idade com diagnóstico de bronquiolite viral aguda, que estavam internados nas unidades pediátricas do Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS e haviam iniciado com sintomas de vias aéreas inferiores até 72 horas antes da inclusão. A pesquisa de vírus respiratórios foi realizada em amostras de secreção nasofaríngea, por imunofluorescência direta.Resultados: foram coletadas 71 amostras de um total de 73 pacientes, cuja média de idade foi de 3,3 meses. Do total das amostras coletadas, 61,97% (44/71) foram positivas para vírus. Destas, 70,46% (31/44) foram positivas para apenas um vírus e 29,54% (13/44) para dois ou mais vírus. O vírus sincicial respiratório foi o mais comum (86,36%), seguido pelo influenza (27,27%). Utilizando os desfechos tempo de internação e tempo de uso de oxigênio, não foi observada associação entre presença de coinfecção e gravidade da bronquiolite.Conclusões: o estudo demonstrou uma positividade geral elevada para vírus, com a predominância do vírus sincicial respiratório. Foi demonstrado também um alto índice de coinfecção viral. Não houve efeito adicional, pela presença de mais de um tipo de vírus, na gravidade da bronquiolite. Não se pode excluir a possibilidade de que a combinação com outros vírus, não identificados neste estudo, possa influenciar a gravidade da bronquiolite viral aguda.
Aims: To evaluate the epidemiologic characteristics and to compare the seriousness of the infection between one or more than one viral agents in infants hospitalized with acute viral bronchiolitis.Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted between September 2009 and September 2010 included infants up to 12 months of age diagnosed with acute viral bronchiolitis, who were admitted to the pediatric units of the Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS and had started with lower airways symptoms to 72 hours before inclusion. Testing for respiratory viruses was performed on nasopharyngeal specimens by direct immunofluorescence.Results: Seventy one samples were collected from a total of 73 patients, whose mean age was 3.3 months. Of the total samples collected, 61,97% (44/71) were positive for virus. Of these, 70,46% (31/44) were positive for one virus and 29,54% (13/44) for two or more viruses. Respiratory syncytial virus was the most common (86,36%), followed by parainfluenza (27,27%). Using the outcomes length of hospital stay and time of use of oxygen, there was no association between the presence of coinfection and severity of bronchiolitis.Conclusions: The study demonstrated a high overall positivity for viruses, with the predominance of respiratory syncytial virus. A high rate of viral coinfection was also showed. There was no additional effect of the presence of more than one type of virus on the severity of bronchiolitis. We can not exclude the possibility that the combination with other viruses, unidentified in this study, may influence the severity of acute viral bronchiolitis.
