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1.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 83(2): 307-jun. 2023. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448619

ABSTRACT

Resumen Los carcinomas adrenocorticales son tumores infre cuentes, habitualmente hiperfuncionantes y con una supervivencia global pobre. La edad frecuente de pre sentación se describe en adultos entre 40 a 60 años, con predominio en sexo femenino. Se presentan dos casos inusuales de carcinoma adrenal diagnosticados en mujeres en edad fértil. El primero de ellos se descubrió en el segundo trimestre de gestación, con un cuadro de hipercortisolismo y lesión adrenal localizada, que resolvió con resección completa hacia la semana 20. En el segundo, la paciente debutó con manifestaciones clínicas de virilización rápidamente progresiva, sien do el hiperandrogenismo puro el patrón bioquímico hallado. En ambos casos, a pesar de haberse realizado la resección completa, el Ki67 elevado como principal factor pronóstico condujo a categorizarlas como de "alto riesgo de recurrencia". Asimismo, se ha asociado a la gestación y al patrón secretor de glucocorticoides como factores adicionales de mayor riesgo de recurrencia. Este es particularmente elevado dentro de los dos primeros años posteriores al diagnóstico. Existe aún controversia sobre el uso de mitotane adyuvante en estos pacientes, y su inicio está recomendado hasta los tres meses del postquirúrgico. Sin embargo, la evidencia disponible no permite suponer la falta de eficacia si se utiliza fuera de ese período. Los limitantes, como fueron el curso de la gestación y el puerperio inmediato, así como la difi cultad para el acceso a la medicación en nuestro medio, impidieron el inicio precoz del tratamiento adyuvante en ambos casos, aunque surge la inquietud de si aún sería oportuna su instauración.


Abstract Adrenocortical carcinomas are rare tumors, usually hyperfunctioning, with poor overall survival. Frequent age of presentation is described in adults between 40 and 60 years of age, predominantly female. Two unusual cases of adrenal carcinoma diagnosed in young women are presented. The first one was discovered in the sec ond trimester of gestation, with signs and symptoms of hypercortisolism and localized adrenal lesion, which was resolved with complete resection by week 20 of pregnancy. In the second case, the patient begined with clinical manifestations of rapidly progressive virilization, the biochemical pattern being pure hyperandrogenism. In both cases, despite complete resection, the high Ki67 as the main prognostic factor leaded to categorization as "high risk of recurrence". In addition, pregnancy and glucocorticoid secretory pattern have been associated as additional risk factors of recurrence. This is particularly high within the first two years after diagnosis. There is controversy about the use of adjuvant mitotane in these patients, and the general recommendation is to be started no longer than 3 months after surgery. However, the available evidence does not suggest that its use is ineffective beyond that period. Limitations, such as the course of pregnancy and the immediate puerperium, as well as the difficulty of accessing this medication in our environment, prevented the early initiation of adjuvant treatment with mitotane in both cases, although there is still concern whether its administration would still be appropriate.

2.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 83(2): 307-310, 2023.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37094202

ABSTRACT

Adrenocortical carcinomas are rare tumors, usually hyperfunctioning, with poor overall survival. Frequent age of presentation is described in adults between 40 and 60 years of age, predominantly female. Two unusual cases of adrenal carcinoma diagnosed in young women are presented. The first one was discovered in the second trimester of gestation, with signs and symptoms of hypercortisolism and localized adrenal lesion, which was resolved with complete resection by week 20 of pregnancy. In the second case, the patient begined with clinical manifestations of rapidly progressive virilization, the biochemical pattern being pure hyperandrogenism. In both cases, despite complete resection, the high Ki67 as the main prognostic factor leaded to categorization as "high risk of recurrence". In addition, pregnancy and glucocorticoid secretory pattern have been associated as additional risk factors of recurrence. This is particularly high within the first two years after diagnosis. There is controversy about the use of adjuvant mitotane in these patients, and the general recommendation is to be started no longer than 3 months after surgery. However, the available evidence does not suggest that its use is ineffective beyond that period. Limitations, such as the course of pregnancy and the immediate puerperium, as well as the difficulty of accessing this medication in our environment, prevented the early initiation of adjuvant treatment with mitotane in both cases, although there is still concern whether its administration would still be appropriate.


Los carcinomas adrenocorticales son tumores infrecuentes, habitualmente hiperfuncionantes y con una supervivencia global pobre. La edad frecuente de presentación se describe en adultos entre 40 a 60 años, con predominio en sexo femenino. Se presentan dos casos inusuales de carcinoma adrenal diagnosticados en mujeres en edad fértil. El primero de ellos se descubrió en el segundo trimestre de gestación, con un cuadro de hipercortisolismo y lesión adrenal localizada, que resolvió con resección completa hacia la semana 20. En el segundo, la paciente debutó con manifestaciones clínicas de virilización rápidamente progresiva, siendo el hiperandrogenismo puro el patrón bioquímico hallado. En ambos casos, a pesar de haberse realizado la resección completa, el Ki67 elevado como principal factor pronóstico condujo a categorizarlas como de "alto riesgo de recurrencia". Asimismo, se ha asociado a la gestación y al patrón secretor de glucocorticoides como factores adicionales de mayor riesgo de recurrencia. Este es particularmente elevado dentro de los dos primeros años posteriores al diagnóstico. Existe aún controversia sobre el uso de mitotane adyuvante en estos pacientes, y su inicio está recomendado hasta los tres meses del postquirúrgico. Sin embargo, la evidencia disponible no permite suponer la falta de eficacia si se utiliza fuera de ese período. Los limitantes, como fueron el curso de la gestación y el puerperio inmediato, así como la dificultad para el acceso a la medicación en nuestro medio, impidieron el inicio precoz del tratamiento adyuvante en ambos casos, aunque surge la inquietud de si aún sería oportuna su instauración.


Subject(s)
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms , Adrenocortical Carcinoma , Adult , Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Male , Adrenocortical Carcinoma/drug therapy , Adrenocortical Carcinoma/pathology , Adrenocortical Carcinoma/surgery , Mitotane/adverse effects , Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms/drug therapy , Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms/pathology , Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms/surgery , Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/adverse effects
3.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 79(5): 419-423, 2019.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31671397

ABSTRACT

We present the case of a patient who, during studies for fertility and subsequent pregnancy, showed an altered thyroid profile with elevated levels of free T4 and normal TSH. After ruling out a thyrotropic adenoma and in the absence of clinical symptoms of hyperthyroidism, the possibility of analytical interference in the immunoassays used to measure hormones was investigated. Interferences caused by heterophile antibodies, macro TSH, anti-thyroid antibodies, biotin, and to a lesser extent anti-streptavidin and anti-ruthenium antibodies have been described. The analysis of the patient was carried out in a self-analyzer whose platform uses the streptavidin-biotin system that is very susceptible to several interferents. A proposed algorithm includes a series of simple tests to perform and interpret that allow detecting or ruling out the presence of interferents. Accordingly, a comparison was made with a different analytical platform (which does not use the streptavidin-biotin system), serial dilutions, precipitation with polyethylene glycol 6000 and treatment with microparticles coated with streptavidin. Results obtained confirmed the presence of anti-streptavidin antibodies in the patient's serum. In the case of disagreements between clinical manifestations and laboratory results, the possibility of methodological interferences should be investigated in order to avoid the potential iatrogenic risk involved in an erroneous biochemical interpretation.


Se presenta el caso de una paciente que, durante los estudios por búsqueda de fertilidad y posterior embarazo, mostraba un perfil tiroideo alterado con niveles elevados de T4 libre y TSH normal. Luego de descartar un adenoma tirotropo y ante la ausencia de sintomatología clínica de hipertiroidismo, se investigó la posibilidad de interferencias analíticas en los inmunoensayos utilizados para la medición de las hormonas. Se han descrito interferencias causadas por anticuerpos heterófilos, macro TSH, anticuerpos anti-tiroideos, biotina, y en menor medida anticuerpos anti-estreptavidina y anti-rutenio. Los análisis de la paciente se realizaron en autoanalizador cuya plataforma emplea el sistema estreptavidina-biotina que es muy susceptible a varios interferentes. Un algoritmo propuesto incluye una serie de pruebas simples de realizar e interpretar que permiten detectar o descartar la presencia de interferentes. De acuerdo al mismo, se efectuó la comparación con una plataforma analítica diferente (que no utiliza el sistema estreptavidina-biotina), diluciones seriadas, precipitación con polietilenglicol 6000 y tratamiento con micropartículas recubiertas con estreptavidina. Los resultados obtenidos confirmaron la presencia de anticuerpos anti-estreptavidina en el suero de la paciente. Ante discordancias entre las manifestaciones clínicas y los resultados de laboratorio, se debe investigar la posibilidad de interferencias metodológicas para evitar el riesgo iatrogénico potencial que implica una interpretación bioquímica errónea.


Subject(s)
Adenoma/diagnosis , Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/immunology , Hyperthyroidism/diagnosis , Pituitary Neoplasms/diagnosis , Streptavidin/immunology , Adenoma/immunology , Adult , Diagnostic Errors , Female , Humans , Hyperthyroidism/immunology , Pituitary Neoplasms/immunology , Pregnancy , Thyrotropin/blood , Thyroxine/blood , Triiodothyronine/blood
4.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 79(5): 419-423, oct. 2019. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056744

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso de una paciente que, durante los estudios por búsqueda de fertilidad y posterior embarazo, mostraba un perfil tiroideo alterado con niveles elevados de T4 libre y TSH normal. Luego de descartar un adenoma tirotropo y ante la ausencia de sintomatología clínica de hipertiroidismo, se investigó la posibilidad de interferencias analíticas en los inmunoensayos utilizados para la medición de las hormonas. Se han descrito interferencias causadas por anticuerpos heterófilos, macro TSH, anticuerpos anti-tiroideos, biotina, y en menor medida anticuerpos anti-estreptavidina y anti-rutenio. Los análisis de la paciente se realizaron en autoanalizador cuya plataforma emplea el sistema estreptavidina-biotina que es muy susceptible a varios interferentes. Un algoritmo propuesto incluye una serie de pruebas simples de realizar e interpretar que permiten detectar o descartar la presencia de interferentes. De acuerdo al mismo, se efectuó la comparación con una plataforma analítica diferente (que no utiliza el sistema estreptavidina-biotina), diluciones seriadas, precipitación con polietilenglicol 6000 y tratamiento con micropartículas recubiertas con estreptavidina. Los resultados obtenidos confirmaron la presencia de anticuerpos anti-estreptavidina en el suero de la paciente. Ante discordancias entre las manifestaciones clínicas y los resultados de laboratorio, se debe investigar la posibilidad de interferencias metodológicas para evitar el riesgo iatrogénico potencial que implica una interpretación bioquímica errónea.


We present the case of a patient who, during studies for fertility and subsequent pregnancy, showed an altered thyroid profile with elevated levels of free T4 and normal TSH. After ruling out a thyrotropic adenoma and in the absence of clinical symptoms of hyperthyroidism, the possibility of analytical interference in the immunoassays used to measure hormones was investigated. Interferences caused by heterophile antibodies, macro TSH, anti-thyroid antibodies, biotin, and to a lesser extent anti-streptavidin and anti-ruthenium antibodies have been described. The analysis of the patient was carried out in a self-analyzer whose platform uses the streptavidin-biotin system that is very susceptible to several interferents. A proposed algorithm includes a series of simple tests to perform and interpret that allow detecting or ruling out the presence of interferents. Accordingly, a comparison was made with a different analytical platform (which does not use the streptavidin-biotin system), serial dilutions, precipitation with polyethylene glycol 6000 and treatment with microparticles coated with streptavidin. Results obtained confirmed the presence of anti-streptavidin antibodies in the patient's serum. In the case of disagreements between clinical manifestations and laboratory results, the possibility of methodological interferences should be investigated in order to avoid the potential iatrogenic risk involved in an erroneous biochemical interpretation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Pituitary Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adenoma/diagnosis , Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/immunology , Streptavidin/immunology , Hyperthyroidism/diagnosis , Pituitary Neoplasms/immunology , Thyroxine/blood , Triiodothyronine/blood , Thyrotropin/blood , Adenoma/immunology , Diagnostic Errors , Hyperthyroidism/immunology
5.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 60(5): 264-267, mayo 2013.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-113617

ABSTRACT

El transexualismo se define como una fuerte convicción de pertenecer al sexo opuesto en aquellos individuos que no tienen ninguna patología intersexual. La terapia hormonal cruzada es un componente fundamental del tratamiento médico de los transexuales, pero debemos tener en cuenta que no está exenta de efectos adversos.Comunicamos un caso de meningioma en un transexual de hombre-mujer tratado con estrógenos y acetato de ciproterona durante 4 años, que consulta por cefalea y alteraciones visuales. Los análisis de sangre eran normales y en la resonancia magnética (RM) se describía una masa en el tubérculo sellar compatible con meningioma. Con estos resultados se interrumpió el tratamiento y se remitió al paciente a cirugía para resección del tumor. La histología tumoral confirmó un meningioma con receptores de progesterona muy positivos y receptores de estrógenos negativos. Tras la cirugía, el paciente desestimó continuar con el tratamiento hormonal cruzado por lo que se comenzó tratamiento con triptorelina (análogo de GnRH). Al año de seguimiento los síntomas habían mejorado significativamente y en la RM de control no había signos de recidiva tumoral.Este es el tercer caso publicado en la literatura de un meningioma tras tratamiento con estrógenos y progesterona. Consideramos muy importante el seguimiento a largo plazo de los pacientes transexuales que sean sometidos a esta terapia hormonal cruzada para detectar lo antes posible los efectos adversos derivados de la misma (AU)


Transsexualism is defined as a strong conviction of belonging to the opposite sex in individuals without any physical intersex condition. Cross-sex hormone therapy is an important component of medical treatment of transexuals but it is not exempt from adverse effects.We report a case of a meningioma in a male-to-female transsexual patient treated with estrogens and cyproterone acetate for the past 4years. He claimed recently severe headache and visual impairment. Blood tests showed normal results. A contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan revealed a mass in the tuberculum sellae consistent with a meningioma. Treatment was discontinued and tumor resection was performed. Histologic diagnosis confirmed strongly progesterone receptor-positive and estrogen negative meningioma. After surgery, the patient rejected the possibility of continuing with the treatment of estrogens and cyproterone, and so triptorelin (GnRH agonist) was initiated. At 1-year follow-up the patient's symptoms had ameliorated and a MRI scan revealed no recurrence of the tumor.This is the third case reported in the literature of a meningioma after treatment with estrogens and cyproterone acetate. We consider extremely important a long-term follow-up observation of male-to-female transsexual undergoing cross-sex hormone therapy in order to detect as soon as possible the adverse effects that can be derived from this therapy (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Meningioma/chemically induced , Gonadal Hormones/adverse effects , Cyproterone Acetate/adverse effects , Transsexualism , Risk Factors
6.
Endocrinol Nutr ; 60(5): 264-7, 2013 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23022362

ABSTRACT

Transsexualism is defined as a strong conviction of belonging to the opposite sex in individuals without any physical intersex condition. Cross-sex hormone therapy is an important component of medical treatment of transexuals but it is not exempt from adverse effects. We report a case of a meningioma in a male-to-female transsexual patient treated with estrogens and cyproterone acetate for the past 4 years. He claimed recently severe headache and visual impairment. Blood tests showed normal results. A contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan revealed a mass in the tuberculum sellae consistent with a meningioma. Treatment was discontinued and tumor resection was performed. Histologic diagnosis confirmed strongly progesterone receptor-positive and estrogen negative meningioma. After surgery, the patient rejected the possibility of continuing with the treatment of estrogens and cyproterone, and so triptorelin (GnRH agonist) was initiated. At 1-year follow-up the patient's symptoms had ameliorated and a MRI scan revealed no recurrence of the tumor. This is the third case reported in the literature of a meningioma after treatment with estrogens and cyproterone acetate. We consider extremely important a long-term follow-up observation of male-to-female transsexual undergoing cross-sex hormone therapy in order to detect as soon as possible the adverse effects that can be derived from this therapy.


Subject(s)
Estrogens/adverse effects , Gonadal Steroid Hormones/adverse effects , Meningeal Neoplasms/chemically induced , Meningioma/chemically induced , Transsexualism/drug therapy , Adult , Female , Humans , Meningioma/diagnosis
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