Endometriosis increases the risk of obstetrical and neonatal complications.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to assess obstetrical complications and neonatal outcomes in women with endometriosis as compared with women without endometriosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: National cohort including all delivering women and their newborns in Denmark 1997-2014. Data were extracted from the Danish Health Register and the Medical Birth Register. Logistic regression analysis provided odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Sub-analyses were made for primiparous women with a singleton pregnancy and for women with endometriosis who underwent gynecological surgery before pregnancy. RESULTS: In 19 331 deliveries, women with endometriosis had a higher risk of severe preeclampsia (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.5-2.0), hemorrhage in pregnancy (OR 2.3, 95% CI 2.0-2.5), placental abruption (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.7-2.3), placenta previa (OR 3.9, 95% CI 3.5-4.3), premature rupture of membranes (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.5-1.8), and retained placenta (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.4-6.6). The neonates had increased risks of preterm birth before 28 weeks (OR 3.1, 95% CI 2.7-3.6), being small for gestational age (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.4-1.6), being diagnosed with congenital malformations (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.3-1.4), and neonatal death (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.1). Results were similar in primiparous women with a singleton pregnancy. Gynecological surgery for endometriosis before pregnancy carried a further increased risk. CONCLUSION: Women with endometriosis had a significantly higher risk of several complications, such as preeclampsia and placental complications in pregnancy and at delivery. The newborns had increased risk of being delivered preterm, having congenital malformations, and having a higher neonatal death rate. Pregnant women with endometriosis require increased antenatal surveillance.

[Endometriosis and obstetrical complications].

Approximately 5-10% of the women in the reproductive age are afflicted with endometriosis and many become pregnant after fertility treatment. Women with endometriosis seem to have an increased risk of placental complications, bleeding in pregnancy and during labour as well as possible increased risk of pre-eclampsia, preterm birth and low birthweight. Large epidemiological studies are needed to clarify the magnitude of these risks in order to define the appropriate level of proactive management of pregnant women with endometriosis.

[Severe intraabdominal bleeding in a pregnant woman with a history of endometriosis].

Spontaneous haemoperitoneum in pregnancy has been associated with endometriosis. More women with endometriosis get pregnant due to improved fertility treatment and little is known of their risk of obstetrical complications. We report a case of a pregnant woman with a history of endometriosis who was admitted in gestational week 28 with spontaneous haemoperitoneum. We performed an emergency caesarean section and found multiple varicosities on the surface of uterus with active bleeding. Further knowledge on complications in pregnant women with endometriosis is needed.

Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in women following gastric bypass: a Danish national cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in women following gastric bypass, compared with adipose women without surgery and with a normal weight control population. DESIGN: Historical controlled cohort study. SETTING: Denmark. POPULATION: All women undergoing gastric bypass during the period 1996-2011, and subsequently giving birth. METHODS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in women without gastric bypass matched on age, parity, plurality, year, and body mass index, and normal weight women. RESULTS: In 415 women giving birth after gastric bypass we found significantly more women with hypertension in pregnancy; relative risk (RR) 2.5 (95% confidence interval 1.3-5.0), gestational diabetes; RR = 6.9 (3.5-13.5), and acute abdominal pain during pregnancy; RR = 4.7 (2.9-7.8) compared with normal weight controls. Compared with women with similar body mass index, they had a lower incidence of preeclampsia and emergency cesarean sections, and their children a lower incidence of asphyxia; RR = 0.4 (0.2-0.8). Their children were on average 212 g smaller than newborn of normal weight mothers, and 319 g smaller than newborn of adipose controls, and had significantly more admissions to neonatal intensive care unit compared with newborn of normal weight mothers; RR = 1.5 (1.1-2.0). CONCLUSIONS: Gastric bypass may reduce the risk of preeclampsia, emergency cesarean section, and perinatal asphyxia, compared with adipose women without surgery. Compared with normal weight controls women who had had a gastric bypass had a higher risk of hypertension, gestational diabetes, and acute abdominal pain during pregnancy and their children a lower birthweight and higher incidence of admittance to neonatal intensive care.

Fetal growth in pregnancies conceived after gastric bypass surgery in relation to surgery-to-conception interval: a Danish national cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To describe early and late fetal growth in pregnancies conceived after gastric bypass surgery in relation to time from surgery to conception of pregnancy. METHODS: National cohort study on 387 Danish women, who had laparoscopic or open gastric bypass surgery prior to a singleton pregnancy in which first trimester screening was performed between January 2008 and June 2011. Data were derived from national registers (Danish National Registry of Patients and Danish National Birth Registry, Pregnancy Complications and Abortion-clinical quality database (PreCAb) and the Danish Fetal Medicine Database). Main outcome measures were early and late fetal growth in relation to time from bariatric surgery to conception of the pregnancy. Early fetal growth was expressed as "Fetal Growth Index": the ratio between the estimated number of days from first trimester ultrasound to second trimester ultrasound biometries and the actual calender time elapsed in days. Late fetal growth was expressed as the observed versus expected birthweight according to gestational age (GA). RESULTS: The surgery-to-conception interval ranged from 3 to 1851 days with a mean value of 502 (SD, 351) days. The mean "fetal growth index" was 0.99 (SD, 0.02) days/day and thus significantly lower than in the background population (mean, 1.04 (SD, 0.09) days/day, p<0.0001). The proportion of infants being small for gestational age was 18.8% and the proportion of large for gestational age infants was 6.7%. The correlation coefficients between surgery-to-conception time and "fetal growth index" and birthweight according to GA were 0.01 (p = 0.8) and 0.04 (p = 0.4), respectively. CONCLUSION: Fetal growth index was lower than reported in the background population. No correlation was found between the surgery-to-conception interval and early or late fetal growth in pregnancies conceived after gastric bypass surgery.

[Pregnancy following bariatric surgery requires special attention]. / Graviditet efter bariatrisk kirurgi kræver speciel opmærksomhed.

In the latest years the number of pregnant women having undergone bariatric surgery before pregnancy has increased rapidly. In pregnancy, they seem to have a reduced risk of obesity-related complications but an increased risk of mechanical complications causing small bowel obstruction and complications due to malabsorption. This article reviews the effect of bariatric surgery before pregnancy on obstetric and neonatal outcomes and provides, based on the limited available evidence, recommendations for the management of pregnancy in these women.

[Pneumococcal endocarditis--a rare post partum complication]. / Pneumokokendokarditis--en sjaelden årsag til feber i puerperiet.

This case report describes a 33-year old woman admitted with sepsis 6 days post partum. No infectious focus was revealed at initial examination. The patient responded moderately to intravenous antibiotics. Positive blood cultures, a systolic murmur and echocardiography revealed severe pneumococcal endocarditis, necessitating surgery. The patient fully recovered. Endocarditis is a rare post partum complication. This case report demonstrates the need for aggressive re-evaluation and involvement of other specialists when the patient does not respond to antibiotic therapy.