ABSTRACT
The human exhalation flow is characterized in this work from the three-dimensional velocimetry results obtained by using the stereo particle image velocimetry (SPIV) measurement technique on the flow emitted from a realistic airway model. For this purpose, the transient exhalation flow through the mouth of a person performing two different breaths corresponding to two metabolic rates, standing relaxed (SR) and walking active (WA), is emulated and studied. To reproduce the flow realistically, a detailed three-dimensional model obtained from computed tomography measurements on real subjects is used. To cope with the variability of the experimental data, a subsequent analysis of the results is performed using the TR-PIV (time resolved particle image velocimetry) technique. Exhalation produces a transient jet that becomes a puff when flow emission ends. Three-dimensional vector fields of the jet velocity are obtained in five equally spaced transverse planes up to a distance of Image 1 from the mouth at equally spaced time instants Image 2 which will be referred to as phases (φ), from the beginning to the end of exhalation. The time evolution during exhalation of the jet area of influence, the velocity field and the jet air entrainment have been characterized for each of the jet cross sections. The importance of the use of realistic airway models for the study of this type of flow and the influence of the metabolic rate on its development are also analyzed. The results obtained contribute to the characterization of the human exhalation as a pathway of the transmission of pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 virus.
ABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid/diagnosis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Hydroxychloroquine/administration & dosage , Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous/complications , Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid/therapy , Scalp/drug effects , Scalp/pathology , Biopsy , Photosensitivity Disorders/complications , Diagnosis, DifferentialSubject(s)
Collagen Diseases/diagnosis , Hodgkin Disease/complications , Skin Diseases/diagnosis , Adjustment Disorders/etiology , Adult , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Collagen Diseases/etiology , Collagen Diseases/pathology , Female , Hodgkin Disease/drug therapy , Hodgkin Disease/pathology , Humans , Neoplasm Staging , Pruritus/diagnosis , Pruritus/etiology , Skin Diseases/pathology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Human exhalation flow is a potential source of pathogens that can constitute a cross-infection risk to people in indoor environments. Thus, it is important to investigate the characteristics of this flow, its development, area of influence, and the diffusion of the exhaled contaminants. This paper uses phase-averaged particle image velocimetry together with a tracer gas (CO2 ) to study two different exhalation flows over time: the exhalation of an average male (test M) and an average female (test F), using a life-sized thermal manikin in a supine position. The exhalation jets generated for both tests are similar in terms of symmetrical geometry, vorticity values, jet opening angles, and velocity and concentration decays. However, there is a difference in the penetration length of the two flows throughout the whole exhalation process. There is also a time difference in reaching maximum velocity between the two tests. It is also possible to see that the tracer gas dispersion depends on the momentum of the jet so the test with the highest velocity decay shows the lowest concentration decay. All these results are of interest to better understand cross-infection risk.
Subject(s)
Air Movements , Exhalation/physiology , Air Pollution, Indoor , Carbon Dioxide/analysis , Cross Infection/transmission , Female , Humans , Male , Manikins , Rheology , Sex Factors , Spain , Universities , VentilationABSTRACT
El síndrome de POEMS es una rara alteración multisistémica caracterizada por polineuropatía (P), organomegalia (O), endocrinopatía (E), discrasia sanguínea con paraproteína (M) y lesiones cutáneas (S, skin) cuya etiopatogenia no se conoce por completo. Este síndrome paraneoplásico puede asociarse a lesiones óseas que típicamente son osteoscleróticas o líticas con un reborde esclerótico y que suelen ser negativas en la gammagrafía ósea. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 37 años con diversas manifestaciones del síndrome POEMS que en las pruebas de imagen mostraba lesiones óseas características de mieloma osteoesclerótico que se confirmaron mediante biopsia ósea (AU)
POEMS syndrome is a rare multisystemic disorder characterized by polyneuropathy (P), organomegaly (O), endocrinopathy (E), blood dyscrasia with M-protein band (M), and skin changes (S). The pathogenesis of POEMS syndrome is not completely understood. This paraneoplastic syndrome may be associated to bone lesions that are characteristically sclerotic or lytic with sclerotic halo and negative at bone scintigraphy. We report a case of a 37-year-old man with several manifestations of POEMS syndrome who presented bone lesions characteristic of osteosclerotic myeloma confirmed by bone biopsy (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , POEMS Syndrome/diagnosis , POEMS Syndrome/surgery , Biopsy/methods , Osteosclerosis/complications , Osteosclerosis , Multiple Myeloma/complications , Multiple Myeloma/diagnosis , POEMS Syndrome/physiopathology , POEMS Syndrome , Multiple MyelomaABSTRACT
POEMS syndrome is a rare multisystemic disorder characterized by polyneuropathy (P), organomegaly (O), endocrinopathy (E), blood dyscrasia with M-protein band (M), and skin changes (S). The pathogenesis of POEMS syndrome is not completely understood. This paraneoplastic syndrome may be associated to bone lesions that are characteristically sclerotic or lytic with sclerotic halo and negative at bone scintigraphy. We report a case of a 37-year-old man with several manifestations of POEMS syndrome who presented bone lesions characteristic of osteosclerotic myeloma confirmed by bone biopsy.
Subject(s)
POEMS Syndrome , Adult , Humans , Male , POEMS Syndrome/diagnosisABSTRACT
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) appear in the abdominal cavity in less than 5% of patients. We present two cases of extraintestinal GIST attended in our service and treated with imatinib mesylate. We review the current treatment of these neoplasms with targeted therapies.
Subject(s)
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/pathology , Pelvis/pathology , Adult , Aged , Female , Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/diagnostic imaging , Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/surgery , Humans , Laparotomy , Pelvis/diagnostic imaging , Pelvis/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal se presentan fuera del tubo digestivo en menos del 5% de los casos. Presentamos 2 casos de tumores del estroma gastrointestinal extraintestinales atendidos en nuestro servicio y tratados con imatinib mesilato. Revisamos la situación actual del tratamiento de dichas neoplasias con terapias dirigidas
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) appear in the abdominal cavity in less than 5% of patients. We present two cases of extraintestinal GIST attended in our service and treated with imatinib mesylate. We review the current treatment of these neoplasms with targeted therapies
Subject(s)
Female , Adult , Aged , Humans , Gastrointestinal Tract/pathology , Pelvis/pathology , Gastrointestinal Tract , Gastrointestinal Tract/surgery , Laparotomy , Pelvis , Pelvis/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
El síndrome de Pierre Robin se caracteriza por hipoplasía mandibular, glosoptosis y fisura palatina y presenta problemas respiratorios severos en el recién nacido. Alguno de estos pacientes pueden ser tratados con medidas conservadoras y en otros casos hay que hacer incluso una traqueostomía, con todos los problemas que esta intervención acarrea en el recién nacido. Basándonos en nuestra experiencia en distracción mandibular, hemos practicado la distracción bilateral de la porción horizontal de la mandíbula en una serie de niños con S. de Pierre Robin. El Grupo I se compone de recién nacidos con problemas respiratorios agudos e indicación de traqueostomía; el Grupo II de pacientes que fueron tratados de forma conservadora y padecen crisis repetidas de bronco aspiración; el Grupo III son niños tratados también de forma conservadora, que presentan apnea del sueño en los años posteriores y el Grupo IV por pacientes que tienen una traqueostomía desde el nacimiento. Los resultados obtenidos en todos estos pacientes han sido excelentes. La distracción mandibular modifica la posición de la lengua, elimina los problemas respiratorios, mejora la deglución y hace desaparecer los fenómenos de reflujo. Mediante esta técnica todos los pacientes traqueostomizados fueron decanulados (AU)
