ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: A pilot intervention was conducted to promote physical activity and nutrition in public preschool education (near half a million children in Chile), in order to prevent obesity. OBJECTIVE: To assess the primary (body fat) and secondary outcomes (physical activity and energy intake) of a nutrition and physical activity pilot intervention for preschool children, attending day care centres. METHODS: A pilot intervention in six day care centres selected at random (n = 530), in 4-5 years old preschool children, Santiago, Chile intending to: provide nutritional and physical activity education to educators and health promotion activities for the family, which in turn, will affect the primary (body fat), and secondary outcomes (physical activity pattern and energy food intake) were measured in a representative subsample of 120 intervened and 145 controls children. RESULTS: In relation to secondary outcomes monitoring, moderate-vigorous activity was duplicated in the intervention group (+5.4% and +4.7%, respectively), in both obese and eutrophic children. Energy intake decreased in 11.7% in obese and 7.5% in eutrophic children. Dietary fat intake was reduced (-11 g in obese and -8.4 g in eutrophic children). Intervened obese children reduced body fat in 1.5%, meanwhile in control obese children, body fat increased 1.3% (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The pilot intervention demonstrated the feasibility to influence dietary risk factors and physical activity at the day care centres and families. Therefore, the implementation of the validated intervention program will be tested in different weather conditions, to prevent unhealthy habits in preschool children and their families.
Introducción: Intervención piloto en nutrición y actividad física para prevenir obesidad en la educación preescolar (cerca de medio millón de niños en Chile). Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados primarios (grasa corporal) y secundarios (actividad física e ingesta energética) de una intervención piloto para niños/as asistentes a guarderías infantiles. Métodos: Intervención piloto en seis guarderías seleccionadas al azar (n = 530 preescolares), 4-5 años en Santiago de Chile, con el objeto de: a) proporcionar educación en nutrición y actividad física para los educadores; b) actividades de promoción de la salud para la familia. El objetivo primario (grasa corporal), y los resultados secundarios (patrón de actividad física y la ingesta energética) se midieron en 265 preescolares (120 intervenidos y 145 niños controles). Resultados: La actividad física moderada- intensa se duplicó en los intervenidos (+5,4% y +4,7%, respectivamente), tanto en niños obesos y eutróficos. La ingesta energética se redujo en 11,7% en obesos y 7,5% en los eutróficos y la de grasa en (-11 g en obesos y -8,4 g en niños eutróficos). Los niños obesos intervenidos redujeron la grasa corporal en 1,5%, mientras que en los niños controles obesos, se incrementó 1,3% (p < 0,01). Conclusiones: La intervención piloto demostró la viabilidad de influir en los factores de riesgo dietarios y de actividad física en las guarderías y en las familias. Por lo tanto, la ejecución del proyecto piloto se pondrá a prueba en diferentes condiciones climáticas, para prevenir hábitos no saludables en los preescolares y sus familias.
Subject(s)
Motor Activity/physiology , Nutritional Status/physiology , Body Composition , Child Day Care Centers , Child, Preschool , Chile , Energy Intake , Female , Health Promotion , Humans , Male , Obesity/prevention & control , Pilot Projects , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Introduction: A pilot intervention was conducted to promote physical activity and nutrition in public preschool education (near half a million children in Chile), in order to prevent obesity. Objective: To assess the primary (body fat) and secondary outcomes (physical activity and energy intake) of a nutrition and physical activity pilot intervention for preschool children, attending day care centres. Methods: A pilot intervention in six day care centres selected at random (n = 530), in 4-5 years old preschool children, Santiago, Chile intending to: provide nutritional and physical activity education to educators and health promotion activities for the family, which in turn, will affect the primary (body fat), and secondary outcomes (physical activity pattern and energy food intake) were measured in a representative subsample of 120 intervened and 145 controls children. Results: In relation to secondary outcomes monitoring, moderate-vigorous activity was duplicated in the intervention group (+5.4% and +4.7%, respectively), in both obese and eutrophic children. Energy intake decreased in 11.7% in obese and 7.5% in eutrophic children. Dietary fat intake was reduced (-11 g in obese and -8.4 g in eutrophic children). Intervened obese children reduced body fat in 1.5%, meanwhile in control obese children, body fat increased 1.3% (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The pilot intervention demonstrated the feasibility to influence dietary risk factors and physical activity at the day care centres and families. Therefore, the implementation of the validated intervention program will be tested in different weather conditions, to prevent unhealthy habits in preschool children and their families (AU)
Introducción: Intervención piloto en nutrición y actividad física para prevenir obesidad en la educación preescolar (cerca de medio millón de niños en Chile). Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados primarios (grasa corporal) y secundarios (actividad física e ingesta energética) de una intervención piloto para niños/as asistentes a guarderías infantiles. Métodos: Intervención piloto en seis guarderías seleccionadas al azar (n = 530 preescolares), 4-5 años en Santiago de Chile, con el objeto de: a) proporcionar educación en nutrición y actividad física para los educadores; b) actividades de promoción de la salud para la familia. El objetivo primario (grasa corporal), y los resultados secundarios (patrón de actividad física y la ingesta energética) se midieron en 265 preescolares (120 intervenidos y 145 niños controles). Resultados: La actividad física moderada- intensa se duplicó en los intervenidos (+5,4% y +4,7%, respectivamente), tanto en niños obesos y eutróficos. La ingesta energética se redujo en 11,7% en obesos y 7,5% en los eutróficos y la de grasa en (-11 g en obesos y -8,4 g en niños eutróficos). Los niños obesos intervenidos redujeron la grasa corporal en 1,5%, mientras que en los niños controles obesos, se incrementó 1,3% (p < 0,01). Conclusiones: La intervención piloto demostró la viabilidad de influir en los factores de riesgo dietarios y de actividad física en las guarderías y en las familias. Por lo tanto, la ejecución del proyecto piloto se pondrá a prueba en diferentes condiciones climáticas, para prevenir hábitos no saludables en los preescolares y sus familias (AU)
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Humans , Physical Education and Training/organization & administration , Collective Feeding , Child Nutrition , Pediatric Obesity/prevention & control , Evaluation of the Efficacy-Effectiveness of Interventions , Motor Activity/physiology , /organization & administrationABSTRACT
The influence of maternal smoking the nutrient content of breastmilk and impact on infant longitudinal growth rate is unknown. From birth, 23 smoking (S), (7.1 +/- 4.4 cigarettes/day) and 23 non-smoking (NS) mother-infant pairs were followed. The breastmilk volume by deuterium dilution, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) in breastmilk and hair by atomic absorption (AAS) and cotinine levels by radio-immuno-analysis (RIA) were evaluated. Birthweight was similar in contrast to height, and infants grew normally. Height and height-for-age (ZHA) were significantly lower in S infants and weight-for-height (ZWH) was higher in S infants in the third month, caused by slower height growth. Cotinine was 19 times greater in the S mothers and six times higher in their infants, as compared to NS group. Breastmilk volume was 743 +/- 119 g/day (S) and 742 +/- 111 g/day (NS), with no difference in zinc, copper, iron contents, except for cadmium (Cd). In infant's hair, all minerals were higher in the S group. Smoking affected infant's height during breastfeeding, attributed to an eventual impaired bioavailability of essential nutrients.
