ABSTRACT
Proper cultivation of heifers largely determines the optimal manifestation of the genetic productivity of animals. The purpose of this study was to identify the optimal technology for growing black-and-white heifers in the dairy period to realize the genetic potential in the conditions of the northern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, namely the Kostanay region. To conduct experiments on the farm, two groups of heifers of 10 heads each were formed, immediately after their birth. The selected groups differed in feeding technologies: the control group received the diet adopted on the farm, the feeding technology was changed for the experimental group in order to increase the intensity of heifer growth. The live weight and linear body sizes of heifers were monitored monthly. The new technological scheme of cultivation for the experimental group of heifers included the rejection of dairy feed at the age of two months and the use of ViaCorn 4 starter compound feed, as well as the active use of juicy and coarse feeds, unlike the heifers of the control group who were fed dairy feed until the end of the dairy growing period (up to 6 months). The live weight, average daily gain and linear body sizes of heifers of the experimental group significantly exceeded similar indicators of peers of the control group. The superiority in average daily live weight gains over the heifers of the control group averaged 287.6 g over 6 months. The change in the technological scheme of feeding towards the rejection of dairy feeds at 2 months and the addition of a starter, as well as compliance with the technology of milking colostrum in newborn calves in the experimental group contributed to the better development of the axial and peripheral skeleton, chest organs of animals, which will create prerequisites for the formation of highly productive cows of a pronounced dairy type. The concentration of total protein in the blood of the heifers of the experimental groups at 2 months of age was higher than that of the control group peers by an average of 1.89 g/l and at the age of 6 months - by 3.37 g/l, which indicates a higher protein metabolism in the blood of the heifers of the experimental group.
Subject(s)
Animal Feed , Diet , Animals , Cattle , Female , Animal Feed/analysis , Diet/veterinary , Feeding Behavior , Milk , Weight GainABSTRACT
Abstract Proper cultivation of heifers largely determines the optimal manifestation of the genetic productivity of animals. The purpose of this study was to identify the optimal technology for growing black-and-white heifers in the dairy period to realize the genetic potential in the conditions of the northern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, namely the Kostanay region. To conduct experiments on the farm, two groups of heifers of 10 heads each were formed, immediately after their birth. The selected groups differed in feeding technologies: the control group received the diet adopted on the farm, the feeding technology was changed for the experimental group in order to increase the intensity of heifer growth. The live weight and linear body sizes of heifers were monitored monthly. The new technological scheme of cultivation for the experimental group of heifers included the rejection of dairy feed at the age of two months and the use of ViaCorn 4 starter compound feed, as well as the active use of juicy and coarse feeds, unlike the heifers of the control group who were fed dairy feed until the end of the dairy growing period (up to 6 months). The live weight, average daily gain and linear body sizes of heifers of the experimental group significantly exceeded similar indicators of peers of the control group. The superiority in average daily live weight gains over the heifers of the control group averaged 287.6 g over 6 months. The change in the technological scheme of feeding towards the rejection of dairy feeds at 2 months and the addition of a starter, as well as compliance with the technology of milking colostrum in newborn calves in the experimental group contributed to the better development of the axial and peripheral skeleton, chest organs of animals, which will create prerequisites for the formation of highly productive cows of a pronounced dairy type. The concentration of total protein in the blood of the heifers of the experimental groups at 2 months of age was higher than that of the control group peers by an average of 1.89 g/l and at the age of 6 months - by 3.37 g/l, which indicates a higher protein metabolism in the blood of the heifers of the experimental group.
Resumo O cultivo adequado de novilhas determina em grande parte a manifestação ideal da produtividade genética dos animais. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a tecnologia ideal para o cultivo de novilhas preto e branco no período leiteiro para realizar o potencial genético nas condições da região norte da República do Cazaquistão, a saber, a região de Kostanay. Para a realização dos experimentos na fazenda, foram formados dois grupos de novilhas com 10 cabeças cada, imediatamente após o nascimento. Os grupos selecionados diferiram nas tecnologias de alimentação: a dieta adotada na fazenda foi oferecida ao grupo controle; já a tecnologia de alimentação foi alterada para o grupo experimental, a fim de aumentar a intensidade do crescimento das novilhas. O peso vivo e o tamanho linear do corpo das novilhas foram monitorados mensalmente. O novo regime tecnológico de cultivo para o grupo experimental de novilhas incluiu a rejeição de alimento lácteo aos dois meses de idade e a utilização de alimento composto para animais de arranque ViaCorn 4, bem como a utilização ativa de alimentos suculentos e grosseiros, ao contrário das novilhas do grupo controle, que receberam alimento lácteo até o final do período de produção leiteira (até seis meses). O peso vivo, o ganho médio diário e os tamanhos corporais lineares das novilhas do grupo experimental excederam significativamente os indicadores semelhantes dos pares do grupo controle. A superioridade nos ganhos médios diários de peso vivo em relação às novilhas do grupo controle foi de 287,6 g em seis meses. A mudança no esquema tecnológico de alimentação para a rejeição de alimentos lácteos aos dois meses e a adição de um iniciador, bem como a conformidade com a tecnologia de ordenha de colostro em bezerros recém-nascidos no grupo experimental, contribuíram para o melhor desenvolvimento do esqueleto axial e periférico e dos órgãos torácicos dos animais, o que criará pré-requisitos para a formação de vacas altamente produtivas de um tipo leiteiro marcante. A concentração de proteína total no sangue das novilhas do grupo experimental foi superior à dos pares do grupo controle, com uma média de 1,89 g/l aos dois meses de idade e de 3,37 g/l aos seis meses de idade, o que indica um metabolismo proteico mais elevado no sangue das novilhas do grupo experimental.