ABSTRACT
We used polysomnography, echocardiography and ventilatory measurements to study 50 patients suspected of having OSA to determine a link to RVH. Twenty-eight patients (56 percent) had OSA and 20 (71 percent) of those had isolated RVH. We evaluated patients with RVH and divided them into two groups, those with apnea and those without apnea. The patients with sleep apnea were younger, weighed more, had greater BSA and had lower average oxygen saturations during the sleep study period. We divided the group with apnea into those with RVH and those without it. Those patients with RVH had a higher AI, longer average apnea time, a greater duration of longest apnea and a lower average oxygen saturation for the period of the sleep study. In addition, those with RVH had a lower average oxygen saturation during each apneic episode with a p value equaling 0.09.
Subject(s)
Cardiomegaly/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/diagnostic imaging , Ventricular Function, Right , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Body Surface Area , Cardiomegaly/physiopathology , Electrocardiography , Electroencephalography , Electrooculography , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Prospective Studies , Pulmonary Ventilation/physiology , Respiratory Mechanics/physiology , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/diagnosis , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/physiopathology , Ventricular Function, Right/physiologyABSTRACT
The warning on tobacco advertisements was required by the federal government, presumably as a health message to educate the public about the risks associated with tobacco use. Despite its potential public health role, there have been few published studies on the effectiveness of these warnings as a health message. The present study used well-accepted market research methods to examine adolescent viewing of tobacco advertisements. Sixty-one adolescents participated in the study. Eye tracking was used to study how participants viewed five different tobacco advertisements. The average viewing time of the warning amounted to only 8% of the total advertisement viewing time. In 43.6% of cases, the warning was not viewed at all. Following the advertisement viewing, participants were asked to identify the observed warnings within a list that included other simulated warnings. Subjects did only slightly better than random guessing in this test of recognition. Using market research criteria, the federally mandated warning must be viewed as an ineffective public health message in so far as adolescents are concerned.
Subject(s)
Advertising/methods , Nicotiana , Plants, Toxic , Psychology, Adolescent , Adolescent , Eye Movements , Female , Health Education , Humans , Male , Mental Recall , Product LabelingSubject(s)
Adolescent Behavior , Nicotiana , Plants, Toxic , Tobacco, Smokeless , Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , United StatesABSTRACT
A panel of 42 rodent X cat somatic cell hybrids segregating individual cat chromosomes in different combinations was used to assign five isozyme structural loci to cat chromosomes. The feline homolog for glutathione reductase (GSR) was mapped to chromosome C2. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) and inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) were located on chromosome A3. Lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDHA) and acid phosphatase-2 (ACP2) were reassigned to chromosome D1. Localization of these genes increases the known feline genetic map and extends the known syntenic homologies between the cat and other mammalian species.
Subject(s)
Adenosine Deaminase/genetics , Cats/genetics , Chromosome Mapping , Glutathione Reductase/genetics , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Nucleoside Deaminases/genetics , Pyrophosphatases/genetics , Animals , Cricetinae , Mammals/genetics , Mice , Inosine TriphosphataseABSTRACT
The unscarified corneas of rabbits were inoculated with 50 microliter of 2-4 X 10(6) PFU/ml of herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1), McKrae strain in 10 separate experiments over a 12-month period. Sixty of 104 (57.7%) rabbits survived to postinoculation (PI) day 20. These sixty rabbits were swabbed with dacron-tipped swabs for twenty consecutive days (PI days 20-39). The tear film collected on the swabs was immediately placed in tissue culture tubes with confluent primary rabbit kidney (RK) cell monolayers. The RK monolayers were monitored for cytopathic effects indicative of HSV-1. Fifty-eight of the sixty rabbits (96.7%) inoculated had at least one positive episode. Ninety-three of the 120 eyes (77.5%) of the latently infected rabbits had at least one positive episode. Virus was detected in 72 of the 93 positive eyes (77.4%) between PI days 20 and 29 and in 21 of the 93 positive eyes (22.5%) between PI days 31-39. A total of 2400 swabs were taken and 324 were positive (13.5%). All of the 58 positive rabbits were used later for ocular induction of HSV-1 and all 116 eyes of the latently infected rabbits shed virus for at least four consecutive days during induction.
Subject(s)
Eye/microbiology , Keratitis, Dendritic/microbiology , Simplexvirus/growth & development , Animals , Rabbits , Simplexvirus/isolation & purification , Virus ActivationABSTRACT
The two murine retroviral restriction genes, Fv-4 and Akvr-1, are very similar in their effects, distributions, ranges of action, and phenotypes. Akvr-1 has been shown to segregate independently in backcrosses with a variety of retroviral restriction loci, including Fv-1, Fv-2, Ril-1, and Ril-2. An allelism test cross of FRG (Fv-4R) X LCRR (Akvr-1R) hybrids mated to AKR mice failed to produce any viremic offspring. These results suggested that Akvr-1R and Fv-4R are alleles of a single locus, Fv-4, on mouse chromosome 12.
Subject(s)
Alleles , Leukemia Virus, Murine/growth & development , Leukemia, Experimental/genetics , Animals , Chromosome Mapping , Crosses, Genetic , Mice , Mice, Inbred AKR , Mice, Inbred Strains , ViremiaABSTRACT
Fifty children with gangrenous appendicitis were treated consecutively by appendectomy followed by saline irrigation and loose wound closure. Drainage was not employed. Ampicillin and oxacillin were mixed and given intravenously. In 28 of 50 patients, ampicillin powder was dusted into the wound. No intraperitoneal complications occurred. Seven would infections required incision. Dusting ampicillin powder into the wound reduced this complication to less than 10 per cent. Four patients had nasogastric tubes. The usual hospital stay was three to eight days. The most common organisms cultured were Escherichia coli (68%), Streptococcus species (60%), and anaerobic species (48%). Eleven patients were evaluated for synergism between ampicillin and oxacillin. Eight showed some evidence of synergism in that the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the combination was less than the MIC of the individual drugs.
Subject(s)
Appendectomy/methods , Appendicitis/surgery , Adolescent , Adult , Ampicillin/therapeutic use , Appendicitis/pathology , Child , Child, Preschool , Drug Synergism , Gangrene , Humans , Infant , Oxacillin/therapeutic use , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Rats trained in an olfactometer were tested for retention of an odor detection and odor discrimination task after lesions of the olfactory peduncle. Large lesions of the peduncle, including transection of the lateral olfactory tract and anterior commissure resulted in severe deficits in retention and relearning but did not produce anosmia. Discrete lesions of the lateral olfactory tract had little or no effect on retention. The results indicate that the lateral and intermediate olfactory pathways are not essential for smell and suggest that significant olfactory function may be mediated by medial olfactory bulb projections.