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BACKGROUND: Physical symptoms of dengue have been documented extensively, but knowledge gaps on dengue-associated mental health hazards remain. We investigated the frequency of psychiatric symptoms (depression, anxiety, and stress) and neurocognitive performance during the first year after a dengue episode. METHODS: Using DASS-21 scores at 3, 6, and 12 months, we assessed depression, anxiety, and stress in anti-dengue IgM-positive adults and matched controls during the 2021 dengue season in Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador. Patients with DASS-21 scores ≤ 4 were considered normal; those with scores of 5-7, 8-10, and ≥ 11 indicated mild, moderate, and severe depression, respectively; cutoff scores for anxiety and stress were ≥ 5 and ≥ 9, respectively. We also assessed 'delayed matching to sample' (DMS) and 'spatial working memory' (SWM) using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. RESULTS: We enrolled 102 cases and 78 controls. At 3 months, 90 cases and 70 controls were available for follow-up, among these 40/90 (44.4%) cases and 12/70 (17.1%) controls had DASS-21 scores ≥ 5 (RR 2.7, 95% CI [1.5-4.7]). Dengue remained a predictor for depression after adjusting for age, sex, and COVID-19 status. We observed no difference in anxiety between the groups, but stress scores increased at month 3 (RR 1.87, 95% CI [1.01-3.4]). DASS-21 scores normalized during follow-up. DMS and SWM did not differ between groups at 3 and 6 months. At month 12, cases had lower SWM than controls did (p value < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Care providers should be aware of dengue-associated mood disorders and facilitate timely referral to mental health services. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to validate our observations regarding the impact of dengue on mental health and neurocognitive status in affected patients.
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RATIONALE: Conjugation sites are a quality attribute of conjugate vaccines. Proteolysis of bioconjugates synthesized by maleimide-thiol chemistry generates type 2 peptides with a hydrolyzed thiosuccinimide linker containing information on the conjugation sites. A mass spectrometry (MS)-cleavable linker could make the identification of conjugation sites by MS more reliable. METHODS: Four synthetic type 2 peptides with a hydrolyzed thiosuccinimide linker were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) MS/MS with and without collision gas. These peptides were also partially labeled with 18O in the linker to confirm the proposed fragmentation mechanism. A conjugate vaccine with the hydrolyzed thiosuccinimide linker was reduced and S-alkylated, digested with trypsin and analyzed by liquid chromatography-MS/MS using collision-induced dissociation (CID) and higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) fragmentation methods at a normalized collision energy of 30. RESULTS: A metastable fragmentation preferentially cleaves the newly formed pseudopeptide bond within the hydrolyzed thiosuccinimide linker of type 2 peptides to yield P + 71 and C + 98 ions. These ions make the assignment of conjugation sites more reliable. Partial 18O-labeling and MS/MS analysis confirmed the proposed structures. CID produces these ions as the two most intense signals more favorably than HCD. The latter also yields these ions, guarantees better sequence coverage and promotes other fragmentations in the linker. CONCLUSIONS: Hydrolyzed thiosuccinimide linker is cleavable in MALDI and electrospray ionization MS/MS analysis by a gas-phase metastable fragmentation. The resulting fragment ions (P + 71 and C + 98) make the identification of conjugation sites more reliable. These results could be extended to self-hydrolyzing maleimides, which efficiently stabilize the thiosuccinimide linker upon hydrolysis, in antibody-drug conjugates.
Subject(s)
Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization , Succinimides , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Vaccines, Conjugate , Succinimides/chemistry , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods , Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods , Vaccines, Conjugate/chemistry , Peptides/chemistry , HydrolysisABSTRACT
Un grupo de docentes de la Universidad del Rosario creó una comunidad de aprendizaje innovadora. En seis semanas, estudiantes de diferentes programas, con tutores de diversas disciplinas de la salud, aprendieron virtualmente a trabajar en equipos interprofesionales usando la resolución de casos.
A group of teachers from the Universidad del Rosario created an innovative learning community. In six weeks, students from different programs, with tutors from various health disciplines, virtually learned to work in interprofessional teams using case resolution.
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Humans , Students , Learning , Mentors , Health , Equipment and SuppliesABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivo Elaborar un sistema de indicadores de morbilidad y mortalidad por accidentes de tráfico, con el fin de mejorar los procesos de recopilación y registro de la información de seguridad vial en el país. Materiales y Métodos Revisión sistemática cualitativa de artículos científicos publicados en revistas indexadas en las principales bases de datos (Scopus, PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO, Google Scholar), sobre accidentes de tráfico desde el año 1995 hasta el año 2015. La información recolectada pasó por 4 fases de revisión. Resultados Se seleccionaron 84 indicadores, agrupados en nueve dimensiones: accidentalidad, morbilidad, mortalidad, temporalidad, geoespacial, sociodemográfica, parque vehicular, impacto en salud pública, tipos y causas. Conclusiones Una gestión eficaz sobre seguridad vial exige que cada país cuente con un sistema de indicadores efectivo e institucionalizado que permita recolectar, analizar y gestionar la información de forma rápida y oportuna, enmarcada en el campo de la investigación científica, para difundir a la comunidad y organismos responsables de la seguridad vial, con miras a la adopción de medidas preventivas y correctivas. Por lo que, se recomienda a los organismos competentes de seguridad vial del país incorporar el sistema de indicadores elaborado en la presente investigación, lo cual permitirá contar con un sistema de registro de datos confiables.
ABSTRACT Objective Prepare a system of morbidity and mortality indicators for traffic accidents, to propose its implementation in Ecuador, in order to improve the processes for collecting and recording road safety information in the country. Materials and Methods Qualitative systematic review of scientific articles published in journals indexed in the main databases (Scopus, PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO, Google Scholer), on traffic accidents from 1995 to 2015. The information collected went through 4 phases review. Results 84 indicators were selected, grouped into nine dimensions: accident rate, morbidity, mortality, temporality, geospatial, socio-demographic, vehicle fleet, impact on public health, types and causes. Conclusions An effective management of road safety requires that each country have an effective and institutionalized system of indicators that allows the collection, analysis and management of information in a fast and timely manner, framed in the field of scientific research, to disseminate to the community and organizations. responsible for road safety, with a view to adopting preventive and corrective measures. Therefore, it is recommended that the competent road safety agencies of the country incorporate the system of indicators developed in this research, which will allow them to have a reliable data registration system.
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OBJETIVO: presentar el diseño, construcción y validación de un cuestionario para el diagnóstico de riesgos psicosociales en Ecuador, conformado por 58 ítems que evalúan el riesgo psicosocial a través de 8 dimensiones. Diseño: estudio transversal en 2 fases: (i) diseño del marco conceptual y construcción del cuestionario y; (ii) valoración de la validez y consistencia interna aplicado en una muestra de 3.225 trabajadores de empresas ecuatorianas. Resultados: El cuestionario posee una alta fiabilidad en términos de consistencia interna (Alfa de Cronbach = 0,968) y una adecuación satisfactoria de los datos a la matriz factorial (KMO = 0,980; Bartlett = 93818,0, <0,05). Conclusiones: se recomienda el uso de este cuestionario como instrumento para el diagnóstico preliminar, permitiendo el diseño e implementación de futuros programas de prevención de riesgos psicosociales en empresas de más de 10 trabajadores en el país.
Abstract: Objective: to present the design, construction and validation of a questionnaire for the diagnosis of psychosocial risks in Ecuador, consisting of 58 items that assess psychosocial risk through 8 dimen sions. Design: cross-sectional study in 2 phases: (i) design of the conceptual framework and construction of the questionnaire and; (ii) assessment of the validity and internal consistency applied to a sample of 3.225 workers from ecuadorian companies. Results: The questionnaire has a high reliability in terms of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0,968) and a satisfactory adaptation of the data to the factorial matrix (KMO = 0,980; Bartlett = 93818,0, <0,05). Conclusions: the use of this questionnaire is recommended as an instrument for preliminary diagnosis, allowing the design and imple mentation of future psychosocial risk prevention programs in com panies with more than 10 workers in the country.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Assessment/methods , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Occupational Risks , Cross-Sectional Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Risk Factors , Workplace , Ecuador , Occupational Diseases/psychology , Occupational Diseases/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Introducción: En Ecuador, los accidentes de tránsito relacionados con el trabajo han experimentado un incremento en los últimos años y han sido poco estudiados en seguridad y salud en el trabajo. Objetivo: Estimar el riesgo relativo de sufrir accidentes in-itínere en comparación con los accidentes ocurridos en el lugar de trabajo mediante el análisis de fuentes oficiales de información secundaria en el período de 2014 a 2016. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de los accidentes de trabajo relacionados con el trabajo recopilados a través de fuentes oficiales de información secundaria. Para el análisis se utilizaron estadísticos descriptivos, cálculo del riesgo relativo (R.R.-IC95%) y la prueba chicuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: Las mujeres presentan mayor prevalencia y riesgo (R.R. = 1,86; IC95%: 1,80-1,92) de sufrir accidentes in-itínere. Asimismo, los trabajadores del sector industrial y servicios con edades entre los 18 a 35 años (R.R. = 1,16; IC95%: 1,12-1,20) muestran mayor probabilidad que el resto de actividades económicas y grupos etarios. Se observa una tendencia al aumento y probabilidad de fallecer por accidentes in-itínere (R.R. = 1,66; IC95%: 1,43-1,92) que en lugar de trabajo. Conclusiones: Los resultados del presente estudio conllevan a plantearse esta problemática como prioritaria en salud laboral y pública debido al incremento de este tipo de accidentes de trabajo. Surge la necesidad de continuar con futuras investigaciones y atención a este tipo de riesgos laborales por parte de los organismos públicos y empresas del Ecuador(AU)
Background: In Ecuador, work-related traffic accidents have experienced an increase in recent years, but are understudied from the perspective of occupational safety and health. Objective: To estimate the relative risk of suffering accidents initínere compared to workplace accidents by analyzing official sources of secondary information in Ecuador for the period from 2014 to 2016. Material and methods: Descriptive study of work-related accidents collected through official secondary information sources. For the analysis, descriptive statistics, relative risk calculation (R.R. and 95% confidence intervals, -95%CI) and the Pearson chi-square test were used. Results: Women presented a higher prevalence and risk (R.R. = 1.86, 95%CI: 1.80-1.92) of suffering traffic-related accidents. Likewise, industrial sector workers in the 18 to 35 year age group (R.R. = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.12-1.20) are at greater risk oftraffic-related accidents than other economic activity sectors and age groups. There is a trend toward an increased likelihood of dying from a traffic-related accident (R.R. = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.43-1.92) than from an accident at the workplace. Conclusions: Our results identify traffic-related occupational accidents as a priority in occupational and public health. There is a need for more research and increased awareness of these accidents on the part of public authorities and employers in Ecuador(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Stress, Psychological , Women , Occupational Risks , Accidents, Occupational , Accidents, Traffic , Chi-Square Distribution , Public Health , Prevalence , Occupational Health , Workplace , Ecuador/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: Los accidentes de tránsito constituyen un problema prioritario en salud pública a escala mundial, principalmente en los países de Latinoamérica, por ser una de las primeras causas de mortalidad en la región. Objetivo: Estudiar la evolución y tendencia de los accidentes de tránsito en Ecuador en el periodo del 2000 al 2015. Método: Estudio ecológico a partir de fuentes secundarias de información oficiales. Se presentan los resultados de las tasas de mortalidad poblacional por accidentes de tránsito y los índices de motorización, accidentabilidad, lesividad y letalidad, con el objeto de comparar las variaciones temporales en el periodo de estudio. Resultados: La tasa de mortalidad poblacional presentó una tendencia al aumento en el periodo de estudio y correlacionada con los índices de motorización y lesividad (p<0.01). Conclusiones: Se requiere un mayor esfuerzo para optimizar las actividades destinadas al cumplimiento de las normas legales de tránsito y educación vial para la población ecuatoriana.
Abstract Introduction: Traffic accidents are a priority problem in public health worldwide, mainly in Latin American countries, as it is one of the leading mortality causes in the region. Objective: To study the evolution and trend of traffic accidents in Ecuador in the period from 2000 to 2015. Method: An ecological study based on secondary official information sources. The results of the population mortality rates due to traffic accidents are presented, as well as motorization, accident, harmfulness, and fatality rates, in order to compare the temporal variations in the study period. Results: The population mortality rate showed an increasing tendency in the study period and correlated with motorization and harmfulness indexes (p <0.01). Conclusions: A greater effort is required to optimize the activities aimed at the compliance of the legal traffic laws and towards road safety education for the Ecuadorian population.
Resumo Introdução: Os acidentes de trânsito constituem um problema prioritário em saúde pública na escala mundial, principalmente nos países de Latino-américa, como uma das primeiras causas de mortalidade na região. Objetivo: Estudar a evolução e tendência dos acidentes de trânsito no Equador no 2000 a 2015. Método: Estudo ecológico a partir de fontes secundárias de informação oficiais. Apresentam-se resultados das taxas de mortalidade populacional por acidentes de trânsito e os índices de motorização, acidentalidade, lesividade e letalidade, com o objeto de comparar as variações temporais no período de estudo. Resultados: A taxa de mortalidade populacional apresentou tendência a aumentar no período de estudo e correlacionada com os índices de motorização e lesividade (p<0.01). Conclusões: Requere-se maior esforço para otimizar as atividades destinadas ao cumprimento das regulamentações legais de trânsito e educação para a população equatoriana.
Subject(s)
Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data , Public Health/history , Mortality/trends , Motor Vehicles , EcuadorABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Describir la evolución de notificaciones por accidentes de trabajo y posibles enfermedades profesionales en Ecuador para el período desde 2010 a 2015. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo a partir de fuentes secundarias reportadas al Seguro General de Riesgos de Trabajo del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social; se emplean frecuencias absolutas (n) y relativas (%), así como el cálculo de la tasa de incidencia en relación con las variables de interés. RESULTADOS: Se evidencia un incremento considerable del número de casos notificados por accidentes de trabajo y posibles enfermedades profesionales; la tasa de incidencia por accidentes aumentó de 381,2 en 2010 a 775,0 en 2015; asimismo, para los casos de enfermedades de 6,0 en 2010 a 28,4 en 2015. CONCLUSIONES: El aumento de registros de accidentes de trabajo y posibles enfermedades profesionales al Seguro General de Riesgos de Trabajo podría deberse a la entrada en vigor de normativas sobre la obligatoriedad de notificación en 2010 y 2011. No obstante, se evidencia la falta de implantación de medidas preventivas en los centros de trabajo, lo que supone plantearse una nueva reformulación de las políticas nacionales en seguridad y salud en el trabajo.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the evolution of reports of occupational accidents and possible occupational diseases in Ecuador for the period from 2010 to 2015. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive study from secondary sources reported to the General Occupational Risk Insurance of the Ecuadorian Social Security Institute; Absolute (n) and relative frequencies (%) are used, as well as the calculation of the incidence rate in relation to the variables of interest. RESULTS: There is a considerable increase in the number of cases reported due to occupational accidents and possible occupational diseases; The incidence rate for accidents increased from 381.2 in 2010 to 775.0 in 2015; Likewise, for cases of diseases from 6.0 in 2010 to 28.4 in 2015. CONCLUSIONS: The increase of records of occupational accidents and possible occupational diseases to the General Insurance of Occupational Risks could be due to the regulations on the obligation of notification that became effective in 2010 and 2011. However, it is evident the lack of implantation Of preventive measures in the work centers, what supposes to consider a new reformulation of the national policies in security and health in the work.
Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Accidents Registry , Accidents, Occupational/statistics & numerical data , Disease Notification/statistics & numerical data , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Social Security/statistics & numerical data , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Incidence , Occupational Health , Mandatory Reporting , Ecuador/epidemiologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: el conocimiento de la incidencia de los accidentes de trabajo es un aspecto fundamental para conocer y adoptar políticas gubernamentales para reducir la siniestralidad laboral. Existen razones para pensar que en Ecuador preexiste una infraestimación de la declaración y registro de accidentes de trabajo. OBJETIVOS: la información y análisis de la incidencia de los accidentes de trabajo permite conocer la siniestralidad laboral de un país y formular acciones encaminadas a mejorar las condiciones de trabajo. En la actualidad no existen datos estadísticos sobre el índice de incidencia en Ecuador que permitan la comparación homogénea y estadística con otros países. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir los accidentes de trabajo registrados en el Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social en los períodos de 2011 y 2012 y calcular su correspondiente índice de incidencia. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo y transversal. La fuente de información analizada de los accidentes de trabajo se obtuvo a través de la Subdirección de Prevención de Riesgos y Control de Prestaciones del IESS. Para el análisis se establecieron las variables: provincia, actividad económica, género, tipo de lesión, ubicación, consecuencias, día, hora y tipo de incapacidad del accidente de trabajo. Se establecieron como indicadores porcentajes e índices de incidencia. RESULTADOS: las notificaciones de accidentes de trabajo registrados en 2012 representan una incidencia de 550,5 casos por cada por 100.000 trabajadores, índice superior al registrado en 2011 con 419,7. La incidencia de los accidentes de trabajo que derivan en una incapacidad temporal en 2012 es de 527 por cada 100.000 trabajadores. CONCLUSIONES: con la entrada en vigor de la Resolución C.D. No. 390 -Reglamento del Seguro General de Riesgos del Trabajo de 2011- se han incrementado el número de notificaciones de accidentes de trabajo. La industria manufacturera es la de mayor índice de incidencia. Las principales provincias del país con mayor índice de incidencia son Pichincha, con 371,1 casos por cada 100.000 trabajadores, y 1037,7 en la provincia del Guayas en 2012.
INTRODUCTION: knowledge of the incidence of accidents at work is a key aspect to understand and adopt government policies to reduce workplace accidents. There are reasons to believe that in Ecuador preexists an underestimation of the declaration and registration of accidents. OBJECTIVES: The information and analysis of the incidence of occupational accidents allows to know a the workplace accidents of a country and make efforts to improve working conditions. Currently there are no statistics on the incidence rate in Ecuador that allow homogeneous and statistical comparison with other countries. The aim of this study is to describe the accidents recorded in the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security in the periods 2011 to 2012 and calculate its corresponding incidence rate. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study. The source of information analyzed accidents at work was obtained through the Office of Risk Prevention and Control Features IESS. To analyze the next variables were established: province, economic activity, gender, type of injury, location, consequences, day, time and type of disability accident. They were established as percentages indicators and incidence rates. RESULTS: notifications of accidents recorded in 2012 represent an incidence of 550,5 cases per 100,000 workers, more than in 2011 with 419,7 index. The incidence of occupational accidents which result in temporary incapacity in 2012 is 527 per per 100.000 workers. CONCLUSIONS: With the entry into force of Resolution CD No. 390 -Regulation of the Seguro General de Riesgos del Trabajo de 2011- have increased the number of notifications of accidents. Manufacturing is a key indicator of incidence. The main provinces with the highest incidence are Pichincha with 371,1 cases per 100.000 workers and 1037,7 in the province of Guayas in 2012.