Índice de valor social añadido: una propuesta para analizar la eficiencia hospitalaria / Social value added index: a proposal for analyzing hospital efficiency

OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar que es posible monetizar el valor social que genera un hospital y que con su análisis podemos establecer una perspectiva diferente para analizar la eficiencia del gasto público. MÉTODO: Utilizando el método del caso se ha seleccionado un hospital público en España. Es idóneo por dos razones: primero, porque su actividad es pequeña y esto facilita el diálogo con los stakeholders; y segundo, como es un hospital de carácter residencial, permite realizar una experiencia de aproximación de la contabilidad social en hospitales sencilla, modificable y que es posible testar. RESULTADOS: Se establece la traducción monetaria de la actividad de un hospital, incluyendo la parte social de las transacciones económicas (mercado), las variables que no han supuesto transacción económica, pero han sido percibidas y valoradas por los stakeholders (no mercado), y la satisfacción de los stakeholders (emocional). Este valor socioemocional asciende a aproximadamente 60 millones de euros anuales para el periodo de 2013 a 2017. CONCLUSIONES: El valor social generado para los stakeholders, y su monetización, permiten gestionar de forma más eficiente las decisiones hacia el propósito social de los hospitales públicos. En concreto, el índice de valor social añadido puede ser una herramienta para la eficiencia social del hospital, ya que se establece cuánto valor social genera a partir de la financiación pública que le han asignado. Así, la disminución de este valor en los últimos años denota un problema que, sin este análisis con perspectiva social y desde los stakeholders, no podría haberse detectado

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that it is possible to monetize the social value generated by a hospital and use it to establish a different perspective to analyze the efficiency of public spending. METHOD: A public hospital in Spain was selected using the case method. It is suitable for two reasons; first, the hospital activity is small and therefore dialogue with stakeholders is easy; and second, as it is a hospital of a residential nature, it allows an easy, modifiable and testable approximation of social accounting in hospitals. RESULTS: It establishes the monetary translation of the activity of a hospital, including the social part of the economic transactions (market), the variables that have not been created based on economic transaction, but have been perceived and valued by the stakeholders (not market), and the satisfaction of the stakeholders (emotional). This socio-emotional value amounts to approximately 60 million Euros per year from 2013 to 2017. CONCLUSIONS: The social value generated for the stakeholders, and its monetization, allows more efficient management of decisions towards the social purpose of public hospitals. In particular, the social value added index can be a tool for the social-efficiency of hospitals, as it establishes how much social value it generates from the public funding allocated to it. Thus, the decline in this value in recent years denotes a problem that, without this analysis with a social perspective and from the stakeholders, could not have been detected

[Social value added index: a proposal for analyzing hospital efficiency]. / Índice de valor social añadido: una propuesta para analizar la eficiencia hospitalaria.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that it is possible to monetize the social value generated by a hospital and use it to establish a different perspective to analyze the efficiency of public spending. METHOD: A public hospital in Spain was selected using the case method. It is suitable for two reasons; first, the hospital activity is small and therefore dialogue with stakeholders is easy; and second, as it is a hospital of a residential nature, it allows an easy, modifiable and testable approximation of social accounting in hospitals. RESULTS: It establishes the monetary translation of the activity of a hospital, including the social part of the economic transactions (market), the variables that have not been created based on economic transaction, but have been perceived and valued by the stakeholders (not market), and the satisfaction of the stakeholders (emotional). This socio-emotional value amounts to approximately 60 million Euros per year from 2013 to 2017. CONCLUSIONS: The social value generated for the stakeholders, and its monetization, allows more efficient management of decisions towards the social purpose of public hospitals. In particular, the social value added index can be a tool for the social-efficiency of hospitals, as it establishes how much social value it generates from the public funding allocated to it. Thus, the decline in this value in recent years denotes a problem that, without this analysis with a social perspective and from the stakeholders, could not have been detected.

[Composition, abundance and distribution of populations of commercially important gastropods in La Guajira, Colombian Caribbean]. / Composición, abundancia y distribución de las poblaciones de gasterópodos de importancia comercial en La Guajira, Caribe Colombiano.

In the continental Colombian Caribbean the conch resource exploitation and the status of snails populations has been poorly studied, which are reflected in the lack of fisheries management. This study assesses composition, population density and distribution of the gastropods species that make conch resource in La Guajira region. Underwater visual censuses for snails were performed between September-November 2009 in 145100x4m (400m2) transects, spanning a total area of 56920m2 between Riohacha and Cabo de la Vela. The study was complemented with the evaluation of composition, abundance and size of gastropods conch found in the discarded-by-fishermen shell mounds in 13 beaches. In October 2010 another 40 transects were evaluated (16 000 m2) from the Southern of Riohacha to the Camarones village (La Guajira). We found a total of 9911 snails belonging to 12 species, the most abundant being Strombus pugilis with 8 912 individuals and an average density of 1 538.4 +/- 3 662.6 ind./ha, followed by Vasum muricatum with 374 individuals and an average density of 51.8 +/- 91.2 ind./ha. Calculating the importance value index (IVI) for both living organisms as the empty shells on beaches, shows that Turbinella angulata is the most used species by artisanal fishermen in the region. Cassis madagascariensis and Cassis tuberosa are also important snail resources in the region (as suggested by the number of empty shells found in beaches), but its densities were low. Strombus gigas, with only three living organisms found in the area, presented the lowest abundance ever found in the Colombian Caribbean (0.52 +/- 3.6 ind./ha), showing that queen conch population in La Guajira cannot support commercial exploitation. The abundance of discarded S. gigas shells on beaches suggests resource exploitation in the recent past. Results remarks the urgency of implementing management plans for snail fisheries in the region.

Composición, abundancia y distribución de las poblaciones de gasterópodos de importancia comercial en La Guajira, Caribe colombiano / Composition, abundance and distribution of populations of commercially important gastropods in La Guajira, Colombian Caribbean

In the continental Colombian Caribbean the conch resource exploitation and the status of snails populations has been poorly studied, which are reflected in the lack of fisheries management. This study assesses composition, population density and distribution of the gastropods species that make conch resource in La Guajira region. Underwater visual censuses for snails were performed between September-November 2009 in 145 100x4m (400m²) transects, spanning a total area of 56 920m² between Riohacha and Cabo de la Vela. The study was complemented with the evaluation of composition, abundance and size of gastropods conch found in the discarded-by-fishermen shell mounds in 13 beaches. In October 2010 another 40 transects were evaluated (16 000m²) from the Southern of Riohacha to the Camarones village (La Guajira). We found a total of 9 911 snails belonging to 12 species, the most abundant being Strombus pugilis with 8 912 individuals and an average density of 1 538.4±3 662.6 ind./ha , followed by Vasum muricatum with 374 individuals and an average density of 51.8±91.2 ind./ha. Calculating the importance value index (IVI) for both living organisms as the empty shells on beaches, shows that Turbinella angulata is the most used species by artisanal fishermen in the region. Cassis madagascariensis and Cassis tuberosa are also important snail resources in the region (as suggested by the number of empty shells found in beaches), but its densities were low. Strombus gigas, with only three living organisms found in the area, presented the lowest abundance ever found in the Colombian Caribbean (0.52±3.6 ind./ha), showing that queen conch population in La Guajira can- not support commercial exploitation. The abundance of discarded S. gigas shells on beaches suggests resource exploitation in the recent past. Results remarks the urgency of implementing management plans for snail fisheries in the region.

En el Caribe continental colombiano el aprovechamiento del recurso caracol y el estado de sus poblaciones han sido poco estudiados, esto se refleja en la carencia de un ordenamiento pesquero. Se evaluó la composición, densidad poblacional y distribución de las especies que conforman ese recurso en La Guajira. Se realizaron censos visuales entre septiembre y noviembre 2009 en 145 transectos de 100x4m (400m²), abarcando un área de 56 920m² entre Riohacha y el Cabo de la Vela. También se evaluó la composición, abundancia y talla de conchas de gasterópodos en depósitos de conchas vacías en 13 playas. En octubre 2010 se evaluaron 40 transectos más (16 000m²), desde el sur de Riohacha hasta Camarones. Se encontraron 9 911 caracoles de 12 especies, siendo Strombus pugilis el más abundante con 8 912 individuos y densidad de 1 538.4±3 662.6 ind./ha, seguido por Vasum muricatum con 374 individuos y densidad de 51.8±91.2 ind./ha. El índice de valor de importancia (IVI) de caracoles vivos y de conchas en las playas, muestran a Turbinella angulata como la especie más aprovechada por pescadores artesanales. Los resultados denotan la urgencia de realizar planes de manejo pesquero para este recurso en la región.