ABSTRACT
El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las diferencias entre los casos de corta (5-10 sesiones), media (10-18 sesiones) y larga duración (más de 18 sesiones) en variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y de tratamiento. Se analizaron los datos de 349 pacientes de la Clínica Universitaria de Psicología de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (CUP-UCM), que habían terminado el tratamiento con éxito. El número de técnicas aplicadas durante la intervención fue la variable más discriminativa, seguida por la comorbilidad -haber recibido un tratamiento anterior- número de tratamientos anteriores y número de objetivos establecidos antes de la intervención. Los resultados señalan la importancia de identificar las técnicas más eficaces para cada problema u objetivo para reducir, en la medida de lo posible, la duración de las intervenciones sin disminuir su eficacia.
The aim of this study was to analyze differences among cases of short (5-10 sessions), medium (11-18 sessions) and long term (more than 18 sessions) in sociodemografic, clinical and treatment variables. Data from 349 patients of the Clínica Universitaria de Psicología de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (CUP-UCM), who had successfully completed treatment, were analyzed. Number of intervention techniques was the most significant variable, followed by comorbidity, previous treatment, number of previous treatments and number of therapeutic objectives. The results indicate the importance of identifying which techniques are more effective for each problem or objective in order to reduce, as far as possible, the extension of the treatment without decreasing its effectivity.
Subject(s)
Psychology, Clinical , PsychotherapyABSTRACT
La calidad de vida (CV) es una de las variables resultado más importantes para estudiar la eficacia de intervenciones en personas con demencia. Sin embargo, su evaluación es difícil porque: a) este es un constructo complejo para el que no existe una aproximación teórica o conceptual unificada, y b) porque al tratarse de personas con deterioro cognitivo se complica enormemente la obtención de información fiable. En este trabajo se revisan diferentes métodos e instrumentos dirigidos a este fin. Es importante tener en cuenta la visión subjetiva de la propia persona evaluada pues las evaluaciones de personas próximas tienden a subestimar la CV. A pesar de que el campo necesita más desarrollo, se concluye que el instrumento de elección es el QOL-AD, por ser sensible al cambio, correlacionar con medidas de salud, estar traducido a varios idiomas y poder administrarse a personas con puntuaciones bajas en el MMSE(AU)
Quality of life (QoL) is one of the most important outcome variables in the study of the efficacy of interventions with people with dementia. However, its assessment is difficult 1) because it is a complex construct for which there is no unified theoretical or conceptual approach, and 2) because of the inherent difficulties in the cognitive impairments of the people under study. In this work different methods and instruments to this end are reviewed, and related findings are discussed. It is important to take into account the subjective view of the assessed person, as assessments done by proxies tend to underestimate QoL. In spite of the need for further development in this field, it is concluded that the instrument of choice is the QOL-AD, as it is change-sensitive, it correlates with health measurements, it is translated into several languages and it can be administered to people with low MMSE scores(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Dementia/epidemiology , Dementia/psychology , Quality of Life , Efficacy/methods , Efficacy/trends , Treatment Outcome , Evaluation of the Efficacy-Effectiveness of Interventions , Health Services for the Aged/economics , Health Services for the Aged/organization & administration , Health of the ElderlyABSTRACT
Quality of life (QoL) is one of the most important outcome variables in the study of the efficacy of interventions with people with dementia. However, its assessment is difficult 1) because it is a complex construct for which there is no unified theoretical or conceptual approach, and 2) because of the inherent difficulties in the cognitive impairments of the people under study. In this work different methods and instruments to this end are reviewed, and related findings are discussed. It is important to take into account the subjective view of the assessed person, as assessments done by proxies tend to underestimate QoL. In spite of the need for further development in this field, it is concluded that the instrument of choice is the QOL-AD, as it is change-sensitive, it correlates with health measurements, it is translated into several languages and it can be administered to people with low MMSE scores.
Subject(s)
Dementia , Quality of Life , Dementia/diagnosis , Humans , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Burnout, Professional/etiology , Emergency Medical Services , Primary Health Care , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Twenty-four detoxified opiate addicts were randomized to an experimental group and a control group to evaluate efficacy of a group cue-exposure treatment to reduce or extinguish classically conditioned responses to drug-related stimuli. Assessment included psychophysiological responses (skin temperature, skin conductance level -SCL-, and heart rate) to a videotape and subjective measures (subjective craving, positive and negative affect) before and after the videotape. The experimental group received a group cue exposure program to drug-related stimuli that comprised twelve treatment sessions administered three times weekly. The treatment program significantly reduced conditioned responses to drug-related stimuli, as measured by SCL and positive affect (AU)
Veinticuatro adictos a los opiáceos, ya desintoxicados, fueron asignados de forma aleatoria a un grupo experimental y un grupo control para evaluar la eficacia de un tratamiento de exposición para reducir o extinguir las respuestas condicionadas a los estímulos asociados con la droga. La evaluación incluyó las respuestas psicofisiológicas (temperatura periférica, nivel de conductancia dermoeléctrica y frecuencia cardiaca) emitidas ante la presentación de un video, así como medidas subjetivas (grado de «deseo» subjetivo, afecto positivo y negativo) antes y después de la presentación del video. El grupo experimental recibió un programa de exposición en grupo a estímulos relacionados con la droga, consistente en doce sesiones de tratamiento con una periodicidad de tres veces por semana. El programa de tratamiento redujo de forma significativa las respuestas condicionadas a los estímulos relacionados con la droga, de acuerdo con las medidas de nivel de conductancia electrotérmica y afecto positivo (AU)
