ABSTRACT
Sporothrix brasiliensis is the main species of the S. schenckii complex implicated in the zoonotic epidemics of sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Epidemiological features have been already described, such as zoonotic transmission by cats and increased frequency of atypical clinical aspects. The involvement of the face by contact with cats is common in childhood; as a result, ophthalmic manifestations have increased. We report a case of acute dacryocystitis in a 9-year-old girl. A calmodulin-based molecular phylogeny was used to identify the agent as S. brasiliensis. This is a rare type of presentation, usually complicated with nasolacrimal duct occlusion. The patient was cured without sequelae after treatment with a low dose of saturated solution of potassium iodide and decompressive oculoplastic surgery. Therapeutic options and considerations of aetiological agents and serology are discussed.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/administration & dosage , Dacryocystitis/microbiology , Facial Dermatoses/drug therapy , Potassium Iodide/administration & dosage , Sporotrichosis/drug therapy , Acute Disease , Child , Combined Modality Therapy , Dacryocystitis/drug therapy , Dacryocystorhinostomy , Facial Dermatoses/surgery , Female , Humans , Lacrimal Duct Obstruction/drug therapy , Lacrimal Duct Obstruction/microbiology , Nasolacrimal Duct , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Sporothrix , Sporotrichosis/surgeryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The first therapeutic choice for the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis is oral itraconazole; however, the increase in cases of zoonotic transmission outbreak necessitates a search for effective and safe treatment alternatives. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a new potassium iodide (KI) posology as an alternative for the treatment of limited cutaneous forms of sporotrichosis. METHODS: One hundred and two patients with sporotrichosis diagnosed by isolation of Sporothrix sp. were included and were divided into 2 groups that received different doses of KI: group A received the conventional dose, and group B received the reduced dose. The cure criteria were based on clinical and serological data. RESULTS: Seventy-nine patients (77.4%) reached clinical cure: 70.6% and 84.3% of groups A and B respectively. Sixteen patients (15.6%) were lost during follow-up, and seven changed drug therapy: five in group A and two in group B. The incidence of adverse events was similar for both groups (64.7%): predominantly metallic taste (44%), followed by mild gastrointestinal intolerance and acneiform eruption (10.7% each). No serious adverse events occurred, and there were no recurrences. Analysis of the results showed no statistically significant difference between groups (P = 0.9255). The improvement in serologic titres was significant in both treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Through statistical analysis, the usual posology was not shown to be superior to the one proposed in this study. Serology for sporotrichosis may be used as a valuable tool in the clinical monitoring of these patients.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/administration & dosage , Potassium Iodide/administration & dosage , Sporotrichosis/drug therapy , Acneiform Eruptions/chemically induced , Adolescent , Adult , Antifungal Agents/adverse effects , Child , Child, Preschool , Drug Eruptions/etiology , Female , Humans , Male , Nausea/chemically induced , Potassium Iodide/adverse effects , Serologic Tests , Sporothrix/immunology , Taste Disorders/chemically induced , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Sporotrichosis is a subacute or chronic fungal infection caused by Sporothrix schenckii, which is commonly acquired by traumatic inoculation of the fungus carried in a contaminated material into the skin. Joint involvement is the most frequent extracutaneous manifestation in immunosuppressed patients. We report the case of an immunocompetent woman who acquired sporotrichosis through the scratch of a sick cat. She presented skin lesions and arthritis possibly because of a hypersensitivity reaction. Treatment resulted in complete cure up to 13 months of clinical and serological follow-up.
Subject(s)
Arthritis/immunology , Arthritis/microbiology , Hypersensitivity/microbiology , Hypersensitivity/pathology , Sporothrix/isolation & purification , Sporotrichosis/complications , Sporotrichosis/transmission , Zoonoses/transmission , Adult , Animals , Antibodies, Fungal/blood , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Arthritis/pathology , Cat Diseases/microbiology , Cat Diseases/transmission , Cats , Dermatomycoses/immunology , Dermatomycoses/microbiology , Dermatomycoses/pathology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Sporotrichosis/immunology , Sporotrichosis/pathology , Treatment Outcome , Zoonoses/microbiologyABSTRACT
We performed a serological study with sera from 92 patients with confirmed sporotrichosis registered between 1999 and 2004 in two hospitals in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The clinical presentation of sporotrichosis was distributed as follows: lymphocutaneous, 67%; fixed cutaneous, 23%; disseminated cutaneous, 8%; and extracutaneous, 2%. Sera were assayed by ELISA against a cell wall antigen of Sporothrix schenckii, SsCBF, that we have previously described. The cross-reactivity was determined with 77 heterologous sera. The serological test showed a sensitivity of 90% and a global efficiency of 86%. A group of 55 patients with several clinical presentations of sporotrichosis was clinically and serologically followed-up for at least 6 months. We observed by ELISA data a decrease in the antibody serum titers which correlated with the progress in healing. An HIV-positive patient with meningeal sporotrichosis was serologically followed-up for over 2 years. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid specimens were examined and significant antibodies levels against the antigen SsCBF were detected. Our results strongly suggest that this serological test is valuable for the differential diagnosis and follow-up of all clinical forms of sporotrichosis.
