ABSTRACT
A 38-year-old white man had a 10-year history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (A3), with no episodes of opportunistic diseases and in good immunologic recovery (CD4 cell count: 450 and indetectable HIV viral load) while on HAART. He presented with a two-month history of mild anal symptoms, including pruritus and episodic bleeding. He referred past episodes of anal warts, self-treated with several topical compounds, all proven unsuccessful. Perianal examination showed erythema and scratching. A 0.5cm sized tumor, with infiltration at the base was detected on digital exam, located at 15mm from the anal margin. Local biopsy driven by high-resolution anuscopy (AAR) yielded a final diagnosis of infiltrative epidermoid carcinoma. Might that neoplasia have been prevented?
Subject(s)
Anus Neoplasms/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , HIV Infections/complications , Adult , Anal Canal/pathology , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods , Anus Neoplasms/pathology , Anus Neoplasms/virology , Biopsy , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/virology , Condylomata Acuminata/complications , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
The self-assembly of cationic and anionic amphiphile mixtures into vesicles in aqueous media was studied using two different systems: (i) decanoic acid and trimethyldecylammonium bromide and (ii) hexadecanedioic acid (a simple bola-amphiphile) and trimethyldecylammonium bromide. The resulting vesicles with varying amphiphile ratios were characterized using parameters such as the critical vesicle concentration, pH sensitivity, and encapsulation efficiency. We also produced and observed giant vesicles from these mixtures using the electroformation method and confocal microscopy. The mixed catanionic vesicles were shown to be more stable than those formed by pure fatty acids. Those containing bola-amphiphile even showed the encapsulation of a small hydrophilic solute (8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic-acid), suggesting a denser packing of the amphiphiles. Compression and kinetics analysis of monolayers composed of these amphiphiles mixtures at the air/water interface suggests that the stabilization of the structures can be attributed to two main interactions between headgroups, predominantly the formation of hydrogen bonds between protonated and deprotonated acids and the additional electrostatic interactions between ammonium and acid headgroups.
Subject(s)
Fatty Acids/chemistry , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/chemistry , Fatty Acids/chemical synthesis , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions , Molecular Structure , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/chemical synthesisABSTRACT
This paper presents a model of the lung mechanics which simulates the pulmonary alveolar ventilation. The model includes aspects of: the alveolar geometry; pressure due to the chest wall; pressure due to surface tension determined by surfactant activity; pressure due to lung tissue elasticity; and pressure due to the hydrostatic effects of the lung tissue and blood. The cross-sectional area of the lungs in the supine position derived from computed tomography is used to construct a horizontally layered model, which simulates heterogeneous ventilation distribution from the non-dependent to the dependent layers of the lungs. The model is in agreement with experimentally measured hysteresis of the pressure-volume curve of the lungs, static lung compliance, changes in lung depth during breathing and density distributions at total lung capacity (TLC) and residual volume (RV). In the dependent layers of the lungs, alveolar collapse may occur at RV, depending on the assumptions concerning lung tissue elasticity at very low alveolar volumes. The model simulations showed that ventilation increased with depth in the lungs, although not as pronounced as observed experimentally. The model simulates alveolar ventilation including all of the mentioned components of the respiratory system and to be validated against all the above mentioned experimental data.
Subject(s)
Lung/physiology , Models, Biological , Respiration , HumansABSTRACT
Highly active antirretroviral therapy has transformed the prognosis of patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus. The efficacy of these drugs has shifted the clinicians; attention to other therapeutic aspects like QD regimens, fixed dose combinations and clinical safety. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF) is a nucleoside monophosphate (nucleotide) analogue that inhibits reverse trascriptase enzyme. It's administered in a q.d. regimen and it's recommended by most of the clinical guidelines as a start regimen in combination with two other drugs. Currently more than 5 years of clinical experience is accumulated and confirmed that a combination of tenofovir and a nonnucleoside analogue transcriptase inhibitor is a comfortable, safe, highly effective and low pill burden regimen.
Subject(s)
Adenine/analogs & derivatives , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Reverse Transcriptase/antagonists & inhibitors , HIV/drug effects , Organophosphonates/therapeutic use , Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Adenine/administration & dosage , Adenine/adverse effects , Adenine/chemistry , Adenine/pharmacology , Adenine/therapeutic use , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects , Anti-HIV Agents/chemistry , Anti-HIV Agents/classification , Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Double-Blind Method , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral/genetics , Drug Therapy, Combination , HIV/enzymology , HIV/genetics , HIV Protease Inhibitors/administration & dosage , HIV Protease Inhibitors/adverse effects , HIV Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use , HIV Reverse Transcriptase/genetics , Humans , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Organophosphonates/administration & dosage , Organophosphonates/adverse effects , Organophosphonates/chemistry , Organophosphonates/pharmacology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/adverse effects , Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/chemistry , Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Tenofovir , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Magnesium Deficiency/complications , Seizures/etiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Adult , Amyloidosis/complications , Amyloidosis/pathology , Arthritis, Psoriatic/complications , Biopsy , Humans , Intestinal Diseases/complications , Intestinal Diseases/pathology , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Magnesium Compounds/therapeutic use , Magnesium Deficiency/blood , Magnesium Deficiency/drug therapy , Male , Seizures/blood , Seizures/drug therapy , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Male , Adult , Humans , Abdominal Abscess/diagnosis , Stomach Rupture/complications , Abdominal Abscess/etiology , Gastric Fundus , Low Back Pain , Stomach Rupture , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedSubject(s)
Churg-Strauss Syndrome/complications , Churg-Strauss Syndrome/diagnosis , Olfaction Disorders/diagnosis , Olfaction Disorders/etiology , Aged , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Churg-Strauss Syndrome/drug therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Indoles , Leukotriene Antagonists/therapeutic use , Phenylcarbamates , Steroids , Sulfonamides , Tosyl Compounds/therapeutic useABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Steroids , Splenomegaly , Tosyl Compounds , Churg-Strauss Syndrome , Osteoporosis , Leukotriene Antagonists , Olfaction Disorders , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Diagnosis, Differential , Hepatitis C , LymphomaSubject(s)
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Cryoglobulinemia/diagnosis , Cryoglobulinemia/etiology , Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications , Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use , Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use , Ischemia/complications , Leg/blood supply , Cyanosis/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
La anemia se define como la disminución de la concentración de hemoglobina por debajo de unos límites considerados normales para un determinado grupo de individuos de la misma edad, sexo y condiciones medioambientales. La existencia de un síndrome anémico es uno de los problemas diagnósticos más frecuentes en la práctica clínica y, en ocasiones, puede resultar una tarea difícil. Con este trabajo se pretende proporcionar unas pautas a seguir en el estudio del paciente anémico (AU)
Subject(s)
Female , Male , Humans , Anemia/diagnosis , Anemia/classification , Anemia/etiology , Anemia/therapyABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Male , Humans , Immunologic Factors , Hepatitis C, Chronic , Interferon-alpha , Antiviral Agents , Cryoglobulinemia , Cyanosis , Leg , Ischemia , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2ABSTRACT
La aterosclerosis es la principal causa de mortalidad en los países desarrollados y representa el 20 por ciento de la mortalidad global en el mundo. En los últimos años la investigación se ha centrado en aspectos etiopatogénicos encaminados a comprender mejor el fenómeno aterosclerótico y a encontrar posibles nuevas dianas terapéuticas. Paralelamente al desarrollo de la teoría de la inflamación se han encontrado diferentes asociaciones entre aterosclerosis y determinadas infecciones.En este trabajo se analizan las diferentes evidencias en favor y en contra de la asociación aterosclerosis e infección por medio de estudios seroepidemiológicos, patológicos, modelos animales y ensayos de intervención terapéutica (AU)
