ABSTRACT
Before repairing a laceration, consider the mechanism and severity of the injury. Gentle irrigation of the wound helps to remove microscopic infectious agents and larger debris. Not all foreign bodies are visible in plain radiographs. Certain wounds may be allowed to heal without operative intervention, but most patients prefer an approach using suture thread or tissue adhesive. Prophylaxis against tetanus, rabies, and/or bacterial infection should be considered. Clinical assessment of each wound is important to guide decisions about technique, anesthetic, suture material, and the interval period before nonabsorbable equipment can be removed.
Subject(s)
Lacerations , Tissue Adhesives , Humans , Lacerations/surgery , Suture Techniques , SuturesABSTRACT
Musculoskeletal care of the adolescent patient involves unique knowledge of their rapidly changing physical and psychological health. In this article, the importance of preventing early sports specialization is elucidated, and an encouragement of the safety and necessity of resistance training in adolescents is undertaken. It also explores two common conditions, one affecting the immature skeleton (apophysitis), and one affecting the improperly developed muscular system (patellofemoral syndrome), both of which are diagnosed clinically, and require little advanced imaging. Finally, a brief overview of relative energy deficiency in sport is given.
Subject(s)
Adolescent Health , Musculoskeletal Diseases/diagnosis , Musculoskeletal Diseases/therapy , Sports/physiology , Adolescent , Burnout, Psychological/diagnosis , Burnout, Psychological/therapy , Cumulative Trauma Disorders/diagnosis , Cumulative Trauma Disorders/therapy , Humans , Malnutrition/diagnosis , Malnutrition/therapy , Musculoskeletal Diseases/epidemiology , Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome/diagnosis , Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome/therapy , Primary Health Care , Resistance Training/methods , Sports/psychologyABSTRACT
With the growing obesity epidemic, it is difficult for individual primary care providers to devote the time and effort necessary to achieve meaningful weight loss for significant numbers of patients. A variety of health care professionals provide value and evidence-based care that is effective in treating obesity and other preventable diseases. Multidisciplinary collaboration between primary care physicians and other trained health professionals within patient-centered medical homes offers an effective approach to sustainable behavioral treatment options for individuals who are obese or overweight.
Subject(s)
Health Behavior , Obesity/therapy , Patient Care Team/organization & administration , Patient-Centered Care/organization & administration , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Humans , Overweight/therapyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) is primarily associated with medication use. Presented is a patient with likely Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and progression to TEN. CASE: A 19-year-old male presented with 1-week history of pneumonia like symptoms and prescribed antibiotics for suspected community-acquired pneumonia. Onset of a new rash was noted and antibiotics were discontinued less than 24 hours after initiation. The diffuse, maculopapular, bullous rash with mucosal lesions ultimately reached skin involvement greater than 30%. Histological studies were consistent with TEN. Mycoplasma antibodies and cold agglutinins were positive. DISCUSSION: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and TEN are a spectrum of mucocutaneous disorders. The most common etiology of both is medications. Mycoplasma is the most common infectious cause of SJS, but has been poorly cited as a cause of TEN. Typical onset of rash from medications is greater than 14 days, whereas onset from infection is typically less than 14 days. The timing of rash onset in this presentation was congruent with infection rather than medication induced. CONCLUSION: Mycoplasma is a well-documented etiology of SJS, but rarely documented as an etiology of TEN. This case suggests the potential of Mycoplasma infection causing more severe mucocutaneous disease in the spectrum of SJS and TEN.
Subject(s)
Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/complications , Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/microbiology , Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Humans , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use , Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use , Male , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/drug therapy , Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/drug therapy , Time Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections continue to occur in adult hemodialysis units. A possible contributing factor is the presence of occult HBV (serum hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] negative but HBV DNA positive). Two hundred forty-one adult hemodialysis patients were screened for occult HBV. HBV DNA testing was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 2 independent primer sets (core promoter and surface). Two (0.8%) of the 241 patients were HBsAg positive. Of the remaining 239 HBsAg-negative patients, 9 (3.8%) were HBV DNA positive. Viral loads in these individuals were low (10(2)-10(4) viral copies/mL). Seven of the 9 (78%) were nt 587 mutation (sG145R mutant) positive. Demographic, biochemical, and HBV serological testing did not help to identify those with occult HBV. In conclusion, the prevalence of occult HBV in adult hemodialysis patients in this North American urban center is approximately 4 to 5 times higher than standard HBsAg testing would suggest. The majority of these infections are associated with low viral loads and a high prevalence of the sG145R mutant. Finally, the demographic, biochemical, and/or serological features of HBV DNA-positive subjects do not distinguish these individuals from the remainder of the dialysis patient population.
