ABSTRACT
The majority of condylomata acuminata (anogenital warts) are caused by infection with Human Papilloma Virus type 6 (HPV-6). We have sequenced the HPV-6 early genes, E1-E4, E6 and E7 from wart biopsy DNA samples sourced from the UK and USA and derived a consensus sequence for these genes and the proteins they encode. When compared to the prototype HPV-6b sequence, published over 12 years ago, the E1-E4 consensus sequence showed 3/91 (3.3%) amino acid changes, the E6 consensus sequence showed 1/150 (0.7%) changes and the E7 consensus sequence showed 1/98 (1.0%) changes. Since many of the early gene sequences from biopsy material were more similar to the HPV-6a subtype than HPV-6b, this data supports the use of HPV-6a as the HPV-6 prototype.
Subject(s)
Gene Deletion , Genes, Viral , Papillomaviridae/genetics , Viral Structural Proteins/genetics , Condylomata Acuminata/pathology , Condylomata Acuminata/virology , Consensus Sequence , DNA Mutational Analysis , DNA, Viral/chemistry , DNA, Viral/genetics , Humans , Papillomaviridae/chemistry , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Viral Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
In attempts to increase the immunogenicity of recombinant antigens, a number of particulate antigen presentation systems have been developed. In this study, we used human immunodeficiency virus Gag particles as carriers for the human immunodeficiency virus envelope V3 region. Gag:V3 fusion proteins were expressed from baculovirus expression vectors; they migrated to the insect cell membrane and budded from the cells as hybrid particles. An immunization study carried out with rats showed that the particles elicited a strong anti-Gag antibody response and a weak antibody response to the V3 region. A strong anti-V3 cytolytic T-cell response was elicited in immunized mice. These data show that retroviral Gag particles can be used as antigen presentation vehicles.
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology , Gene Products, env/immunology , Gene Products, gag/immunology , HIV Antibodies/biosynthesis , HIV/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Baculoviridae/genetics , Base Sequence , Cytotoxicity, Immunologic , Drug Carriers , Gene Products, env/genetics , Gene Products, gag/genetics , HIV/genetics , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Molecular Sequence Data , Moths , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunologyABSTRACT
The localization of neutralization determinants within the envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been largely achieved by immunizing small animals in conjunction with Freund's adjuvant. However, for eventual use in humans, candidate HIV vaccine components must also be efficacious in a nontoxic formulation. We describe here the production of hybrid Ty viruslike particles carrying the major neutralizing domain of HIV and demonstrate the induction of high-titer virus-neutralizing antibodies and an HIV-specific T-cell proliferative response after immunization in conjunction with aluminum hydroxide. As aluminum hydroxide and aluminum phosphate are the only adjuvants currently licensed for use in humans, these observations have implications for the development of an effective vaccine against HIV.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology , HIV Antibodies/immunology , HIV Envelope Protein gp120/immunology , HIV/immunology , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Antibody Formation , Base Sequence , Binding Sites, Antibody , Freund's Adjuvant , Genetic Vectors , HIV/genetics , HIV Envelope Protein gp120/genetics , HIV Envelope Protein gp120/ultrastructure , Molecular Sequence Data , Neutralization Tests , Protein Conformation , Rabbits/immunologySubject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Deltaretrovirus/immunology , Homosexuality , Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte , Antigens, Surface/analysis , Humans , Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology , Immunity, Cellular , Leukocyte Count , Lymphocytes/classification , Lymphocytes/immunology , Male , Monocytes/immunology , PhagocytosisSubject(s)
Encephalitis/complications , Herpes Simplex/complications , Animals , Brain/microbiology , Demyelinating Diseases/etiology , Encephalitis/etiology , Encephalitis/pathology , Female , Herpes Simplex/pathology , Mice , Peripheral Nerves/microbiology , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/etiology , Simplexvirus/growth & development , Simplexvirus/isolation & purification , Time Factors , Virus ActivationABSTRACT
The propagation of a cell line from a rabbit affected with the sheep associated form of malignant catarrhal fever is described. Immunological and morphological characteristics of the cell indicated that it was a T-lymphocyte and the presence of electron dense cytoplasmic granules suggested that the cell could be further classified as a large granular lymphocyte. The cell line required a feeder layer and was cytotoxic to both primary cell cultures and cell lines, a characteristic of large granular lymphocytes. No evidence of the nature of the agent could be detected but as few as 10(2) cells transmitted the disease. These findings are discussed and the possibility that infection and subsequent dysfunction of large granular lymphocytes may have a central role in the pathogenesis of malignant catarrhal fever is considered. That cells with similar characteristics have been derived from Herpesvirus saimiri and H ateles infected marmoset lymphocytes suggests that the lymphoproliferation associated with infection by these two simian herpes-viruses and malignant catarrhal fever may have a similar pathogenesis.
