Total neoadjuvant chemotherapy with FLOT scheme in resectable adenocarcinoma of the gastro-oesophageal junction or gastric adenocarcinoma: impact on pathological complete response and safety.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is the fifth cause of cancer incidence worldwide. Multidisciplinary approaches that improve the survival are needed. Perioperative chemotherapies show improvement in pathological complete remission (pCR) and overall survival (OS), but less than 50% of the patients completed the chemotherapeutic regimen. The recent 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, docetaxel-4 (FLOT4) study shows OS 50 months and pCR 16.6%, but only 46% of the patients completed pre- and postoperative treatment. This case series report evaluated pCR and safety in patients that received complete preoperative chemotherapeutic with FLOT. METHODS: Patients received eight cycles FLOT regimen before surgery. Each cycle comprised 50 mg/m2 docetaxel intravenous (iv) on day 1, 85 mg/m2 oxaliplatin iv on day 1, 200 mg/m2 leucovorin iv on day 1 and 2,600 mg/m2 5-fluorouracil iv in a 24-hour infusion on day 1, every 2 weeks. RESULTS: Fifty-nine patients were evaluated, 58 patients received preoperative cycles. Thirty-one patients received all eight cycles of preoperative therapy. 65.5% patients presented any major adverse event. Thirty-nine patients underwent surgery. Thirty-three biopsy reports were obtained. Six patients (18.2%) presented pCR, 13 patients (39.4%) had no lymph node involvement. OS was 21.32 months. Patients with histology of signet ring carcinoma cells had a shorter survival than other histologies. CONCLUSION: Total neoadjuvant with FLOT chemotherapy presents an adequate safety profile, a similar pathologic regression rate, and a slightly higher rate of completing treatment to report in perioperative FLOT regimen studies. A prospective clinical study with suitable diagnostic, staging tools and an adequate follow-up may prove total neoadjuvant chemotherapy's efficacy.

Tumor del gastrointestinal (GIST): revisión de la literatura y presentación de tres casos clínicos / Gastrointestinal stroma tumors (GIST): a review of the literature and presentation of three cases

Los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal (GIST) son neoplasias de baja frecuencia que presentan menos del 1 por ciento de todos los tumores del tracto digestivo. Inicialmente se clasificaban dentro del grupo de los sarcomas pero actualmente se consideran como una entidad clínico patológica diferente. Comprometen con mayor frecuencia el estómago pero se pueden presentar en cualquier otra ubicación del tracto digestivo donde exista músculo liso. Su diagnóstico es histológico. El 80 por ciento de estos tumores expresa CD 117 y el 20 por ciento restante tiene mutaciones en un receptor de Tirosina-Kinasa (TK) relacionado con PDGFRa (platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha). El tratamiento se basa en cirugía y administración de inhibidores de Tirosina-Kinasa. En este trabajo se presentan tres casos clínicos de GIST del aparato digestivo. CD 117 positivos. Se revisan los aspectos fisiopatológicos, clínicos, diagnóstico y terapéuticos de este tipo especial de tumores.

Chemoradiotherapy in gallbladder cancer.

Gallbladder cancer (GC) is considered a rare disease associated with a poor prognosis. Unfortunately, the low number of cases makes the performance of trials addressing the role of adjuvant, neoadjuvant, and/or palliative therapy difficult. For a long time, the majority of trials were 5-fluorouracil (5 FU)-based, and results were uniformly poor. Since the introduction of Gemcitabine, response rates of approximately 30% have been observed through the use of this drug and new approaches have been tested. In this sense, drugs such as Cisplatin and Capecitabine have been employed concurrently with gemcitabine and/or radiation. Since a recurrence pattern is both distant and local, chernoradiation seems a logical option to deal with the disease. However, at the present time, the lack of valid and scientific evidence means that most of the recommendations originate from trials dealing with other tumors, such as pancreas cancer and biliary tract cancer (BTC). The aforementioned treatment alternatives warrant further evaluation focusing on GC.

[Acute Liver Failure in patient with liver amyloidosis associated to multiple myeloma]. / Insuficiencia hepática aguda en amiloidosis hepática asociada a mieloma múltiple. Caso clínico.

We report a 67 years old woman admitted to the hospital for the study of a cholestatic jaundice and massive hepatomegaly. On admission, the patient did not have liver failure. During hospital stay, the patient experienced a progressive deterioration of liver function and a monoclonal gammopathy was detected. An IgG Kappa myeloma-was diagnosed. A fine needle liver biopsy disclosed the presence of amyloid. The patient developed acute liver failure and died three weeks after admission.

Síndrome de Q-T largo: caso clínico / Long Q-T syndrome: a clinical case

El síndrome de Q-T largo es la descripción fenotípica de un grupo de trastornos caracterizados por un intervalo Q-T prolongado en el Electrocardiograma, asociado al riesgo de desarrollar una arritmia característica, la taquicardia ventricular polimórfica (helicoidal) conocida como Torsión de las puntas. El síndrome del Q-T largo puede ser congénito, asociado o no a otras alteraciones, o bien, adquirido, fundamentalmente en relación con drogas. Si bien se trata de una afección de baja incidencia, el estudio de sus bases fisiopatológicas ha permitido conocer profundamente las bases moleculares de los fenómenos eléctricos del corazón.Dada su baja frecuencia y, lo inespecífico y potencialmente grave de sus manifestaciones, es que su sospecha es fundamental para un adecuado diagnóstico y manejo, siendo el electrocardiograma convencional una herramienta fundamental en el diagnóstico. El manejo de los pacientes se basa fundamentalmente en la indicación de betabloqueadores, el uso de marcapasos y, en algunos casos, de desfribilador implantable. Se presenta el caso clínico de una mujer joven con una larga historia de síncopes, en la que finalmente se llega al diagnóstico de síndrome del Q-T largo, muy probablemente congénito