ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Several population studies have addressed oral health inequalities. Edentulism, functional dentition, and number of remaining teeth have been associated with different socioeconomic level measurements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between educational level and tooth loss in the Chilean population aged 15 years and above, based on the 2016-2017 National Health Survey (ENS 2016-2017). Material and Methods. The sample for this cross-sectional study comprised 5473 subjects. The main independent variable was educational level (LEL: low, MEL: medium, and HEL: high). To measure tooth loss, we considered the variables number of remaining teeth, edentulism, and functional dentition. We used logistic regressions to assess the condition of dentition according to the subject's EL. As to the number of teeth variable, linear regressions were conducted. The analyses were carried out considering the complex sampling design in SPSS 24.0. RESULTS: When comparing LEL subjects with HEL subjects, the adjusted difference in number of remaining teeth was 3.11 for the maxilla and 1.72 for the mandible. An individual with LEL had a 7.51 [3.50-16.10] and 6.06 [2.68-13.68] times higher risk of upper edentulism and lower edentulism than a HEL individual, respectively. Regarding functional dentition, the adjusted OR in HEL subjects was 13.33 [8.02-22.15] and in MEL subjects was 2.81 [2.03-3.87], compared to LEL results. CONCLUSIONS: LEL was associated with a significant tooth loss in the Chilean population. Subjects with LEL obtained a lower mean of number of remaining teeth and higher prevalence of edentulism and nonfunctional dentition.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Clinical dental evaluations are considered complex and costly measurements that epidemiological surveillance studies of multiple simultaneous chronic diseases currently require, for example National Health Surveys (ENS). Accordingly, simpler and more affordable methods need to be validated. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of the self-report on the total number of teeth in the general Chilean adult population. METHODS: A substudy was conducted on ENS 2016-2017 participants. A stratified random sample of 101 of them was subjected to a telephone questionnaire. This information was then compared with the results obtained from the oral examination performed by a trained nurse during a home visit. Spearman correlations, intraclass correlation coefficients and the Bland-Altman method were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: In men, the average number of teeth recorded during the oral examination coincided with the number of teeth in the self-report (22 teeth). In women, the total teeth average was 18 and 19 teeth according to the examination and self-report, respectively. For the total number of participants, a strong and significant Spearman correlation was obtained (ρ = 0.93); in men and women, the Spearman correlation observed was also strong and significant (ρ = 0.90 and ρ = 0.96 respectively). The value of the intraclass correlation coefficient indicated a significant concordance (CCI = 0.96) in both men and women (CCI = 0.93 and 0.98 respectively). A tendency to greater correlation was observed as the number of teeth decreased. CONCLUSIONS: The number of teeth self-reported by the subjects in this study correlated with the number of teeth recorded in the clinical examination. Self-report is a valid method to determine the number of teeth in national health surveys.
Subject(s)
Self Report , Tooth Loss , Adult , Chile , Female , Humans , Male , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and Questionnaires , ToothABSTRACT
La aspergilosis invasiva es una enfermedad infecciosa producida por un hongo del género Aspergillus. La infección se adquiere generalmente por vía respiratoria al inhalar las esporas que se encuentran en altas concentraciones en el aire, el suelo y sobre todo en la materia orgánica en descomposición. El diagnóstico es difícil realizarlo, por tanto el tratamiento muchas veces se instaura de manera tardía; una vez instaurada la infección el pronóstico es muy malo. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 9 años de edad, con desnutrición severa y pancitopenia, atendido en el Hospital Materno Infantil de Tegucigalpa, a quien en la autopsia se le demostró aspergilosis invasiva. No se encontró publicaciones locales sobre este tema...
Subject(s)
Child , Aspergillus/virology , Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary , Aspergillosis , Lung Diseases, Fungal/complications , Mycoses/historyABSTRACT
RESUMEN. La aspergilosis invasiva es una enfermedad infecciosa producida por un hongo del género Aspergillus. La infección se adquiere generalmente por vía respiratoria al inhalar las esporas que se encuentran en altas concentraciones en el aire, el suelo y sobre todo en la materia orgánica en descomposición. El diagnóstico es difícil realizarlo, por tanto el tratamiento muchas veces se instaura de manera tardía; una vez instaurada la infección el pronóstico es muy malo. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 9 años de edad, con desnutrición severa y pancitopenia, atendido en el Hospital Materno Infantil de Tegucigalpa, a quien en la autopsia se le demostró aspergilosis invasiva. No se encontró publicaciones locales sobre este tema...(AU)
Subject(s)
Child , Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary , Aspergillus/virology , Aspergillosis , Mycoses/history , Lung Diseases, Fungal/complicationsABSTRACT
Se reporta el caso de un paciente alcohólico, con estigmas cirróticos y rasgos de raza negra, quien se presentó en la emergencia del Hospital Escuela por dolor abdominal severo. El paciente falleció pocas horas después de su admisión. En la autopsia se observaron células falciformes produciendo isquemia intestinal considerándose ésta como la causa de la muerte...
Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Abdominal Pain , Hemoglobinopathies , Colitis, Ischemic/diagnosis , Anemia , Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosisABSTRACT
Se reporta el caso de un paciente alcohólico, con estigmas cirróticos y rasgos de raza negra, quien se presentó en la emergencia del Hospital Escuela por dolor abdominal severo. El paciente falleció pocas horas después de su admisión. En la autopsia se observaron células falciformes produciendo isquemia intestinal considerándose ésta como la causa de la muerte...(AU)
