ABSTRACT
Resumen La política internacional de protección del patrimonio mundial de la UNESCO se integró en las agendas de desarrollo nacional y local de los países de América Latina, gestionando proyectos de mejoramiento social y urbano en barrios históricos de las ciudades. Los efectos sociales, ambientales y económicos de estos procesos de patrimonialización de los lugares no han sido suficientemente analizados. En este sentido, y asumiendo una perspectiva psicoambiental, esta investigación describe y compara los índices de Apego al Lugar e Identidad de Lugar en habitantes de tres barrios de la ciudad de Valparaíso (n=544) (Chile) y dos en la ciudad de Quito (n=209) (Ecuador), que se encuentran ubicados en zonas catalogadas como Patrimonio de la Humanidad. A través de la aplicación de pruebas t de Student de comparación de medias y d de Cohen de valoración del tamaño del efecto, se observó que las personas que cuentan con mayor tiempo de residencia, que habitan barrios patrimoniales consolidados (donde las dimensiones socio-urbanas del entorno se encuentran mayormente intervenidas y desarrolladas) y que son propietarias de sus viviendas presentan puntajes más altos de Apego al Lugar e Identidad de Lugar. Se observó un nivel moderado de Apego de Lugar e Identidad de Lugar en los habitantes de los barrios patrimoniales de las ciudades de Valparaíso y Quito.
Abstract UNESCO's international policy for the protection of world heritage was integrated into the national and local development agendas of Latin American countries, managing social and urban improvement projects in historic city districts. The social, environmental and economic effects of these processes of heritage sites have not been sufficiently analyzed. In this sense and assuming a psycho-environmental perspective, this research describes and compares the indices of place attachment and place identity in 3 neighborhoods in the city of Valparaiso (n=544) and 2 in the city of Quito (n=209), which are located in areas classified as World Heritage. Through the application of Student t tests for comparing means and Cohen d tests for assessing the size of the effect, it was observed that people who have resided for longer periods of time, who live in consolidated heritage neighborhoods and who own their own homes, show higher scores in terms of place attachment and place identity. A moderate level of Place Attachment and Place Identity was observed in Valparaíso and Quito.
ABSTRACT
Disasters affect sociospatial links in a dynamic and unstable meshwork of aspects that are reconfigured. In this sense, accounting for this complexity is central to analyze the transformation of the sociospatial linkage of the affected people and communities. Addressing from community environmental psychology, we propose the concept of assemblage to guide a situated reading of subjective, material, and community aspects present in a reconstruction process after a disaster. Following a qualitative methodology, using spatially referenced narrative interviews (n = 16) and thematic analysis, it is described how these links are presented in a community that lived the mega-fire of a part of the city of Valparaíso in Chile. The results describe that the experience of being a community is a variable flow within a process defined by an ever-emerging configuration of spatial, technological, personal, social, and sensory characteristics. We conclude by pointing out the qualities of the communities when considered from an assemblage perspective.
Subject(s)
Disasters , Chile , Cities , HumansABSTRACT
La relación socio-espacial de personas y comunidades se ve afectada por procesos de desplazamientos a causa de desastres socio-naturales. A partir de experiencias de la comunidad disgregada de Chaitén por la erupción del volcán Chaitén y la que se mantuvo unida en Constitución después del terremoto de 2010, se exploró cómo los procesos vividos inciden en niveles de apego e identidad de lugar, así como sentido de comunidad y participación. Las comunidades estudiadas presentan diferentes vínculos espaciales y relacionales con respecto a su barrio de origen y actual. Las diferencias presentadas evidencian que vínculos comunitarios como aspectos psicológicos deben ser considerados centrales en la elaboración e implementación de estrategias para desplazamientos o reconstrucción. Se encuestó a un total de 224 personas.
Socio spatial relationships of people and communities are affected by processes of displacement due to socio-natural disasters. Based on the experiences of the disintegrated community of Chaitén by the eruption of the Chaitén volcano and the community which remained united in Constitution after the earthquake of 2010, this research explores how the experienced processes affect levels of place identity and place attachment, as well as in sense of community and participation. The studied communities express different spatial and relational links with their origin and actual neighborhood. Differences evidence that community bonds and psychological aspects must be considered as central in the development and implementation of displacement or reconstruction strategies post disasters. The survey considered a total of 224 individuals.