[The role of cholesterol in activating lipid peroxidation in platelets]. / Rol' kholesterina v aktivatsii perekisnogo okiseniia lipidov v trombotsitakh.

The relationship between the cholesterol (Ch) content and the concentration of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products in activated platelets and the effect of these parameters on the structure-function characteristics of platelet membranes were studied. It was found that esterified Ch activates free radical processes occurring in platelets. Nonesterified Ch does not induce the production of primary products of LPO (dienoic conjugates) but promotes the accumulation of a secondary LPO metabolite, malonic dialdehyde, this reaction being mediated via indirect mechanisms. The higher (in comparison with normal) orderliness and orientation of membranes in platelets reflect the increase in the concentration of dienoic conjugates and nonesterified Ch. The observed differences in the aggregability of platelets are due to the changes in the Ch content as well as to the "rigidity" of blood platelets.

[Carotid sinus and cardiopulmonary baroreceptor reflex in patients with hypertension]. / Sinokarotidnyi i kardiopul'monal'nyi baroretseptornyi refleks u bol'nykh gipertonicheskoi bolezn'iu.

The nature of sinocarotid and cardiopulmonary baroreceptor reflex was examined in 33 patients with labile hypertensive disease (HD). The mechanic receptors of the sinocarotid area was activated by a neck barochamber; lower extremity decompression was used to test the vasoconstrictor cardiopulmonary baroreflex. The studies demonstrated that the activation of the mechanic receptors led to less severe bradycardia in hypertensives than in healthy persons. At the same time blood pressure fall with a decrease in neck chamber pressure achieved higher values in the patients than in normotensives, which was due to vasodilation in most patients. A direct relation was proved to exist between the degree of a decrease in the cardiochronotropic baroreflex component, presence of its vasomotor component, and disease duration. The hypertensives displayed increased in vasoconstrictor cardiopulmonary baroreceptor reflex.

[Characteristics of response to isometric exercise in women with stable arterial hypertension]. / Osobennosti reaktsii na izometricheskuiu nagruzku u zhenshchin so stabil'noi arterial'noi gipertenziei.

In 50 females with Stage II persistent hypertension, tetrapolar thoracic rheography was employed to measure cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI), specific peripheral resistance (SPR), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) before and during isometric exercise when antihypertensive drugs were withdrawn. The patients with a family history of hypertension were found to have impaired homeostatic mechanisms preventing an excess elevation in BP during isometric exercise. The females of reproductive age showed a greater increase in BP, HR, SI, CI and a lower decrease in SPR in response to the exercise than did menopausal females. Left ventricular hypertrophy contributes to a positive inotropic action shown by sympathetic cardiac stimulation during isometric exercise, as evidenced by a lower reduction or elevation in SI. The detected responses to isometric exercise may serve as criteria for differential approach to the choice of adequate antihypertensive therapy.

[Cardiological service: essential components and functions]. / Kardiologicheskaia sluzhba: sushchnost' i funktsii.

A system of cardiological service consisting of five essential components is described: profile of diseases (the object of care and the subject of distributing labour between physicians); qualification of a cardiologist; continuity of care; qualification of a therapist; management. Four main groups of typical targets for cardiological service units are identified. For the purpose of evaluating the performance of the unit of this medical service in dynamics it is suggested to consider it as consisting of three elements (therapist-patient-cardiologist), and the quality of work of each physician as consisting of four interrelated blocks of operations: to assess the health status and diagnose the disease, to make a diagnosis and register it officially, to choose and prescribe treatment, to determine the place for further treatment and follow-up. The data provided could be used for promoting the structure of cardiological service and its components and for choosing the unified method for their further investigation.

[Multifactorial analysis of changes in heart rate during exercise in patients with ischemic heart disease as a method of evaluating myocardial reserve]. / Mnogofaktornyi analiz dinamiki chastoty serdechnykh sokrashchenii pri fizicheskoi nagruzke u bo'lnykh ishemicheskoi bolez'niu serdtsa kak sposob otsenki miokardia'lnogo rezerva.

An attempt has been made to elucidate causes of heart rate change during exercise in anginal patients, using multifactorial mathematical analysis. Seventy-one patients underwent bicycle ergometry and the intravenous ergometrin test. Heart rate variation was found to be unrelated to the type of stress (bicycle ergometry or Master's test), or the presence or absence of ischemic ECG changes during an attack of pain. During exercise, heart rate shifts preceding an anginal attack are similar to those in patients with painless response to stress. At the onset of pain, an abrupt rise in heart rate is seen, its magnitude being particularly great in postmyocardial infarction patients with low physical stress tolerance and high sensitivity to ergometrin. Myocardial insufficiency may be the cause of excessive tachycardia in this category of patients. In patients with high stress tolerance in the absence of ergometrin sensitivity, increased sensitivity to endogenic catecholamines may be a cause of tachycardia during an anginal attack.

[A new principle in the analysis of the analgesic action of morphine]. / Novyi printsip analiza boleutoliaiushchego deistvia morfina.

Possible application of sensory decision theory of pain for the experimental assessment of neuropsychophysiological mechanisms of opiate analgesia has been demonstrated. The analgetic effect of morphine was found to be mediated through the influence on the measurement and estimation of pain stimulus.

[Baroreflex regulation of circulation in essential hypertension patients treated with anaprilin]. / Baroreflektornaia reguliatsiia krovoobrashcheniia u bol'nykh gipertonicheskoi bolezn'iu v usloviiakh terapii anaprilinom.

The effect of propranolol on the baroreceptor reflex and the main indices of the central hemodynamics in single (i. v.) and prolonged (per os) administration of the drug were studied in patients with essential hypertension. The hemodynamic effect of propranolol depended, to a large extent, on the initial value of the baroreflex and its time course during treatment. Possible mechanisms of the effect of propranolol on the baroreflex were discussed.

[Dependence of the effect of vasodilator preparations on the initial distensibility of the vascular bed]. / Zavisimost' éffekta sosudorasshiriaiushchikh preparatov ot iskhodnoirastiazhimostisosudistogo rusla.

Acute experiments on anesthetized cats under extracorporeal circulation were made to study the effects of papaverine, phentolamine and dihydroergotamine on the blood flow-pressure relations of the vascular bed of the greater circulation. It was shown that the drug-induced change in the vascular resistance were dependent on the perfusion flow and on the initial distensibility of arterial vessels as well. A mathematical simulating model that permits fore-telling alterations in the vascular resistance is described.

[Evaluation of the pain-alleviating properties of a combination of analgesic and tranquilizer using multiple stepwise regression]. / Otsenka boleutoliaiushchikh svoistv kombinatsii anal'getika i trankvilizatora s pomoshch'iu mnozhestvennoi poshagovoi regressii.

A method for preclinical evaluation of the optimal ratio (for analgesia) of an analgesic to a tranquilizer has been devised. It is based on the drug threshold dose decrease on the drug combined use. The multiple stepwise regression analysis of the data discovered the correlations between diazepam and promedol, optimal for pain perception decrease and nociceptive emotional responsiveness inhibition.

[Multifactorial analysis of the hemodynamic reactions to a physical load in hypertension]. / Mnogofaktornyi analiz gemodinamicheskikh reaktsii na fizicheskuiu nagruzku pri gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

Multifactorial analysis of findings from 66 essentially hypertensive patients and 14 normal subjects investigated during bicycle ergometry (250 and 500 kgm/min) demonstrated a relationship between hemodynamic changes and the patient's baseline status, age and stage of the disease. Hypertensive patients showed greater AP response to exercise and smaller changes in heart productivity and vascular tone, as compared to normal subjects with similar resting hemodynamic status. Patients with high resting AP and CI values showed smaller shifts during bicycle ergometry, as compared to other patients at the same stage of the disease, while diastolic AP increase was more pronounced in elderly patients.

Mechanisms underlying hypertensive reactions under emotional stress.

In experiments on alert cats shifts of the systemic hemodynamics under emotional stress were studied. The hypertension caused by confrontation with a dog is shown in most cases to be attended by suppression of the baroreceptor reflexes. Hypertension does not develop in these animals after section of the sinocarotid and aortic nerves. In 2 cats the baroreceptor reflexes did not change under emotional stress and deafferentation of the carotid sinuses and arch of the aorta intensified hypertension upon confrontation with a dog. It is concluded that diverse mechanisms lead to hypertension under emotional stress in different animals.

[Analysis of the role of various factors of the initial status of the body in the analgesic action of promedol]. / Analiz roli razlichnykh faktorov iskhodnogo sostoianiia organizma v boleutoliaiushchem deistvii promedola.

A comprehensive approach is suggested to the assessment of the analgetic action of analgetics during screening. This approach lies in the study of the drug effects on the emotional, vegetative and motor manifestations of the painful reactions. Based on multiple and regression analysis the role of different factors of the initial status of the body in the development of analgesia is demonstrated. Application of the given approach is examplified by the reference analgetic promedol.

[Physical loading in the diagnosis and evaluation of the efficacy of treatment of hypertension]. / Fizicheskie nagruzki v diagnostike i otsenke éffektivnosti lecheniia gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

On the basis of the study into the parameters of systemic hemodynamics during bicycle ergometric exercise, and their processing with the help of the programme of multiple step-wise regression in computer CM-3, an algorithm was derived whose employment makes it possible to determine very reliably the severity of the disease, and which also facilitates an early diagnosis of essential hypertension and reflects the effectiveness of the therapy.