The influence of exogenous melatonin on antioxidative status in seminal plasma and spermatozoa in French Alpine bucks during the nonbreeding season.

Research data regarding exogenous melatonin effects on buck semen antioxidative status during the breeding and nonbreeding seasons are scarce or missing. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin implants on the activity and ratios of antioxidative enzymes and on malondialdehyde concentrations in the seminal plasma and spermatozoa of French Alpine bucks during the 3 mo of the nonbreeding season. Two groups of randomly assigned bucks were either treated with melatonin (n = 6) or served as controls (n = 6). Semen samples were collected weekly, seminal plasma was separated from spermatozoa, and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and the concentration of malondialdehyde were determined. The melatonin-treated bucks had significantly higher CAT/SOD and GSH-Px/SOD ratios, but a significantly lower GR/GSH-Px ratio in seminal plasma and spermatozoa during the different periods of the nonbreeding season. In conclusion, exogenous melatonin influenced the activities of all ratios and some single antioxidative enzymes tested in bucks' seminal plasma and spermatozoa. Here we provide the first evidence derived from an intervention, that is, melatonin treatment, which affects antioxidative enzymes ratios in the semen of bucks, and could thus be recommended as an indicator of oxidative stress severity and antioxidative status of semen.

Monitoring of libido and semen quality parameters in melatonin-treated French alpine bucks during the non-breeding season.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous melatonin on libido and semen quality parameters in bucks during the non-breeding season. Twelve bucks of the French alpine breed from 1.5 to 4 years of age were assigned into melatonin (MG) and control (CG) groups, with 6 bucks in each group. The experimental period was 3 months (March-May), divided into six periods of 15 days each. The bucks in the MG group received four melatonin implants at the end of March. Two semen samples were taken from the bucks by artificial vagina once per week and their libido estimated. Volume and spermatozoa concentration, their mass motility and motility, proportion of live and total abnormal and forms with abnormal head and tail were determined in the obtained ejaculate samples. The total number of spermatozoa and functional spermatozoa fraction in the ejaculate was also calculated. The MG bucks had significantly higher mass motility and motility of spermatozoa in the first half of April, and a higher proportion of live spermatozoa in the first and second half of April (p < .05). Differences in libido intensity were not significant. The results indicated that the application of melatonin significantly improved the qualitative parameters of semen in bucks, as seen in increased mass motility, motility of spermatozoa and proportion of live spermatozoa shortly following melatonin insertion. Therefore, the results of the current study are novel regarding the use of melatonin treatment during the non-breeding season to improve the qualitative parameters of ejaculates in bucks.

The onset of puberty in Cameroon Dwarf goats kept as pets in northwestern Croatia.

The aim of this study was to determine onset of puberty in Cameroon Dwarf goats (CDGs) kept as pets in northwestern Croatia by determining progesterone (PGS) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels in the blood by RIA methods. The first cyclic ovarian activity was estimated according to hormone profiles as determined in CDG in a moderate climate environment. Sixteen female CDG kids were kept in stables with access to pasture which provided space for exercise. The goat kids born in winter (December-January-February), spring (March-April-May), summer (June-July-August) and autumn (September-October-November) were assigned into four groups according to the season of the year of birth (n = 4 in each group). At 75 days of age at the initiation of the study, they weighed between 3.2 and 5.1 kg (4.24 ± 0.53 kg). The onset of ovulatory activity was determined by PGS and IGF-I serum concentrations every 10 days starting from 75 days to 155 days of age. The onset of puberty in CDG kids occurred on average at 141.15 ± 2.66 days of age, but varied depending on the season of birth. All CDG kids born during summer were in heat by 155 days of age. In the other groups (kids born in autumn, winter or spring), one goat in each group was not in heat. Changes in blood serum PGS and IGF-I concentrations during prepubertal and pubertal periods could aid in the evaluation of reproductive status and determination of the onset of puberty in CDG during all seasons of the year in a moderate climate region.

[Sequential endoscopic and laparoscopic and one-step treatment of cholecysto-choledochal calculosis. New perspectives for the surgeon]. / Il trattamento sequenziale endoscopico e laparoscopico ed in tempo unico della calcolosi colecisto-coledocica. Nuove prospettive per il chirurgo.

The Authors describe 132 cases of sequential treatment of cholecysto-choledochal lithiasis by videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy after endoscopic Common Bile Duct (CBD) clearance and 3 endoscopic sphincterectomy and CBD stone extraction during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. No complications occurred during the procedure. Even though the second one is not a routine method undoubtedly represents the best solution when the surgeon meets an unexpected choledocholithiasis. However, laparoscopic CBD exploration requires a good experience of the surgeon and currently there are not sufficient data to support this procedure.

[Microcystic serous cystadenoma of the pancreas. Enucleation or regulated pancreatic resection?]. / Cistoadenoma sieroso microcistico del pancreas. Enucleazione o resezione pancreatica regolata?

Cystic benign tumors of the pancreas are rare lesions: they represent less than 10% of all pancreatic neoplasms. We studied two cases of microcystic adenoma, one of the less common varieties, that only in the last few years has been morphologically recognized as a distinct pathological entity. Our clinical experience--though limited--made us remark some interesting features: 1) preoperative diagnostic procedures (ultrasonography and CT) may present great interpretative difficulties: in one of the cases observed, radiographic imaging demonstrated an unresectable pancreatic tumor. On the contrary, in both cases surgical radicality has been achieved; 2) preoperative needle aspiration cytology (FNAB) does not always provide diagnostic material, as happened in both case observed; 3) the diagnosis of a benign tumor may result from surgical exploration and multiple biopsies with intraoperative frozen sections. Further and more complex histological investigations will definitively diagnose a microcystic adenoma; 4) in disagreement with some authors' results, we observed that microcystic adenoma may grow rapidly: one of our patients, after an incomplete tumor enucleation, developed a local relapse in a few months, needing a subtotal distal pancreatectomy, followed by complete recovery; 5) surgical radicality is mandatory. This result can be achieved through a simple, but complete, tumor enucleation or through a pancreatic resection; 6) our immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies on microcystic adenoma exhibited no cells with endocrine activity, supporting the hypothesis that this tumor may originate from ductal or centroacinar cells.

[Etiopathogenesis and therapy of ulcers of the lower limbs]. / Etiopathogénèse et thérapie des ulcéres des membres inférieurs.

The authors assess the pathogenic causes of leg-ulcers which all have as a common denominator chronic venous incompetence. It is vital to have a correct identification of prevention of frequent relapse as well as cure. The authors suggest their strategy of topic treatment which, despite its simplicity and economy, has never proved unsuccessful.

[Indications for surgical and sclerosing treatment of varices of the lower limbs]. / Indications du traitement chirurgical et sclérosant des varices des membres inférieurs.

The authors consider the usefulness of sclerosing varicose veins in the lower limbs according to tournay's classic teaching, and in accordance with their basically surgical orientation, they try to classify a series of absolute indications for the surgical treatment, and a second series of analogous indications for the sclerosant treatment. Since the treatment of varicose veins does not come into effect all at once, the two methods - surgical and sclerosant - can be usefully combined.

[Ablation of haemorrhoids by cryosurgery in high risk patients (author's transl)]. / Ablation des hemorroïdes par cryochirurgie pour malades à haut-risque.

A group of 48 patients of differing age and sex, suffering from 3rd degree hemorrhoids with pulmonary, cardiac or renal disease, epilepsy or scleroderma, so that the traditional operation under general anaesthesia is contraindicated, is examined. Cryosurgical haemorrhoidectomy, without hospitalisation, under local anaesthesia of anal sphincter led in all these patients to cure verified rectoscopically 2-3 months after the operation. The postoperative course was entirely normal, with pain symptoms that were sharp in 7 cases, limited in 14. A serohematic secretion occurred for about a week in 6 patients. Normal living and working activity was resumed on average after about 11 days.

[Treatment of breast cancer in aged women]. / Trattamento del cancro del seno nella donna anziana.

The AA. consider the problem of mammary cancer in the woman more than 70 years old. The incidence of this tumor is about 30% and therefore it is necessary an exact start of therapy. For the AA. the therapy must base itself essentially on a good locoregional treatment, that comes from the constant association of simple mastectomy, if possible with axillary curage, with radiant therapy with small dosages and for a long time, in case with alternate ranges. The systemic treatment must base itself fundamentally and only on an aspecific immunotherapy that can be begun very early and on an hormonal therapy. This hormonal therapy should be suggested, where is possible, by the results of hormonal dosage on plasma and urine.