ABSTRACT
Introducción: Actualmente se ha incrementado la ureteronefroscopia flexible para el tratamiento de cálculos renales, existiendo gran variación en la técnica quirúrgica e indicaciones a través de todo el mundo. Objetivos: Conocer la práctica actual, variaciones en la técnica, uso e indicaciones de la ureteronefroscopia flexible para tratamiento de cálculos renales en Latinoamérica. Métodos: Enviamos un cuestionario anónimo de 30 preguntas sobre ureteronefroscopia flexible para el tratamiento de cálculos renales, vía correo electrónico y enlace Web a urólogos de Latinoamérica de enero de 2015 a julio de 2015. Recolectamos las respuestas a través del sistema Survey Monkey. Resultados: Participaron 283 urólogos de 15 países latinoamericanos (tasa de respuesta del 10,8%); 254 contestaron completamente el cuestionario; 52,8% son urólogos de México y 11% de Argentina, 11,8% realizan > 100 casos por año, 15,2% consideran la ureteronefroscopia como tratamiento de elección para cálculos > 2 cm y 19,6% realiza ureteronefroscopia en etapas solo para cálculos > 2,5 cm. El 78,4% utiliza fluoroscopia, el 69,1% utiliza camisa ureteral en todos sus casos, el 55,8% deja el catéter doble J al final de la cirugía, el 37,3% considera estado libre de lito con 0 fragmentos y el 41,2% utiliza radiografía simple para evaluar el estado libre de cálculos. Conclusiones: La mayoría de urólogos participantes considera la ureteronefroscopia flexible como el tratamiento de primera elección para cálculos < 2 cm, un pequeño porcentaje realiza > 100 ureteronefroscopias por año. Más de la mitad utiliza fluoroscopia y camisa de acceso ureteral rutinariamente, el método más frecuente para la evaluación del estado libre de cálculos es la radiografía simple de abdomen
Introduction: The use of flexible ureterorenoscopy for treating kidney stones has increased in recent years, with considerable worldwide variation in the surgical technique and indications. Objectives: To determine the current practice, technique variations, use and indications of flexible ureterorenoscopy for treating kidney stones in Latin American. Methods: We sent (by email and web link) an anonymous questionnaire with 30 questions on flexible ureterorenoscopy for treating kidney stones to Latin American urologists from January 2015 to July 2015. We collected the responses through the Survey Monkey system. Results: A total of 283 urologists in 15 Latin American countries participated (response rate, 10.8%); 254 answered the questionnaire completely; 52.8% were urologists from Mexico and 11% were from Argentina; 11.8% of the responders stated that they performed > 100 cases per year; 15.2% considered ureterorenoscopy as the treatment of choice for stones > 2 cm, and 19.6% performed ureterorenoscopy in single stages for calculi measuring > 2.5 cm. Some 78.4% use fluoroscopy, 69.1% use a ureteral sheath in all cases, 55.8% place double-J catheters at the end of surgery, 37.3% considered a stone-free state to be 0 fragments, and 41.2% use plain radiography to assess the stone-free condition. Conclusions: Most participating urologists consider flexible ureterorenoscopy as the first-choice treatment for stones < 2 cm; a small percentage of these urologists perform > 100 ureterorenoscopies per year. More than half of the urologists routinely used fluoroscopy and ureteral access sheath; the most common method for determining the stone-free state is plain abdominal radiography
Subject(s)
Humans , Kidney Calculi/surgery , Laser Therapy , Urology , Ureteroscopy/methods , Ureteroscopes , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Equipment Design , Health Care Surveys , Latin AmericaABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The use of flexible ureterorenoscopy for treating kidney stones has increased in recent years, with considerable worldwide variation in the surgical technique and indications. OBJECTIVES: To determine the current practice, technique variations, use and indications of flexible ureterorenoscopy for treating kidney stones in Latin American. METHODS: We sent (by email and web link) an anonymous questionnaire with 30 questions on flexible ureterorenoscopy for treating kidney stones to Latin American urologists from January 2015 to July 2015. We collected the responses through the Survey Monkey system. RESULTS: A total of 283 urologists in 15 Latin American countries participated (response rate, 10.8%); 254 answered the questionnaire completely; 52.8% were urologists from Mexico and 11% were from Argentina; 11.8% of the responders stated that they performed >100 cases per year; 15.2% considered ureterorenoscopy as the treatment of choice for stones >2cm, and 19.6% performed ureterorenoscopy in single stages for calculi measuring >2.5cm. Some 78.4% use fluoroscopy, 69.1% use a ureteral sheath in all cases, 55.8% place double-J catheters at the end of surgery, 37.3% considered a stone-free state to be 0 fragments, and 41.2% use plain radiography to assess the stone-free condition. CONCLUSIONS: Most participating urologists consider flexible ureterorenoscopy as the first-choice treatment for stones <2cm; a small percentage of these urologists perform >100 ureterorenoscopies per year. More than half of the urologists routinely used fluoroscopy and ureteral access sheath; the most common method for determining the stone-free state is plain abdominal radiography.
Subject(s)
Kidney Calculi/surgery , Laser Therapy , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Ureteroscopes , Ureteroscopy/methods , Urology , Equipment Design , Health Care Surveys , Humans , Latin AmericaABSTRACT
Samples of soil, sediment and pine needles from the Reggio Emilia area were analysed in order to estimate the environmental pollution caused by an MSWI. PCDD/PCDF, PCB, PAH and metals were analysed in the collected samples. The data obtained showed relatively low pollution levels. Indeed, the PCDD/PCDF and PCB data were comparable to the values usually found in the grazing areas of the European Union countries. Metal concentrations in soils and sediments may be related to local geological occurrences and to agricultural activities. PAH values are significantly lower than the limit values set by the Italian law.
