ABSTRACT
La inactividad física y el sedentarismo son en la actualidad un problema de salud global que preocupa por su crecimiento sistemático. Provoca consecuencias sanita-rias en los adultos y, con un incremento alarmante, en la población más joven. Por el contrario, la realización periódica de actividad física ha demostrado beneficios a la salud física, neurológica y mental. A pesar de los incontrovertibles datos sobre sus efectos positivos, menos de la mitad de la población mundial se ejercita regularmen-te. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una breve descripción sobre los mecanismos neurocognitivos que se encuentran implicados en los procesos de motivación, en es-pecial los que se vinculan a la actividad física, con la finalidad de presentar una serie de recomendaciones pragmáticas para aumentar la adherencia a programas de en-trenamiento físico, basados en técnicas de la psicología cognitiva y analizados desde la perspectiva neurocognitiva.
Physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle are currently a global health problem that concerns because of its systematic growth, the health consequences it causes for adults and, in alarming escalation, also for the younger population. On the contrary, regu-lar physical activity has shown benefits to physical, neurological and mental health. Despite the incontrovertible information about its positive effects, less than half of the world's population excercises regularly. This work's objective is to make a brief description of the neurocognitive mechanisms that are involved in the motivational processes, especially those linked to physical activity, in order to present pragmatic recommendations that increase adherence to physical training programs, based on techniques of cognitive psychology and analyzed from a neurocognitive perspective.
Subject(s)
Humans , Exercise/physiology , Cerebrum/physiology , Cognitive Psychology , Motivation , Exercise , Health , Cognition , Sedentary Behavior , NeuropsychologyABSTRACT
The objective of this work is to discriminate between different neurocognitive circuits involved in empathy, one of them linked to emotional processing and the other associated with cognitive function. This is evaluated through the use of neuropsychological tools (Hinting Task, Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and Cambridge Mind Reading Test) empathic cognition and empathic emotion. In this study, 57 male prisoners were divided into three groups: psychotic patients (20), antisocial patients (17), and a control group (20). Patients with psychosis were found to have significantly lower scores than the antisocial and control groups in a social reasoning test, but using tests of emotional recognition, we found that both psychotic patients and antisocial subjects scored significantly lower than the control group.
El objetivo de este trabajo es discriminar diferentes circuitos neurocognitivos involucrados en la empatía, uno de ellos vinculado al procesamiento emocional y otro asociado con la función cognitiva. Evaluamos mediante el uso de herramientas neuropsicológicas (Hinting Task, Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test y Cambridge Mind Reading Test) la cognición empática y la emoción empática. Participaron del estudio, 57 presos varones que se dividieron en tres grupos: pacientes psicóticos (20), antisociales (17) y un grupo control (20). Se encontró que los pacientes con psicosis tenían puntuaciones significativamente más bajas que los grupos antisociales y de control en una prueba de razonamiento social, pero utilizando pruebas de reconocimiento emocional, encontramos que tanto los pacientes psicóticos como los sujetos antisociales obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente más bajas que el grupo control.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: We have observed, in several studies, high rates of psychiatric disorders and traumatic childhood experiences in people who are deprived of their freedom in prison institutions. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of different types of adverse childhood experiences and the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patient-internal male in a prison psychiatric institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An epidemiological study was conducted between March and July 2011 in which 59 inmates-patients were evaluated in the observation room and Psychiatric Evaluation (SOEP) of the unit 20 in the Central Psychiatric Service Men, which was located on the campus of J.T. Borda Hospital of the City of Buenos Aires, in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. SCID I and II, and ACE (Adverse Experience Childhood) scales were used. RESULTS: 91% of participants had suffered any adverse experience in childhood. Physical (59%), emotional (54%), sexual (18%) and negligence (66%): a high rate of abuse in its various forms was found At the same time it was observed that all patients had a mental disorder. The most common diagnosis is personality disorder (69.4%). It was observed that most of the abuses were perpetrated by people in your household. CONCLUSIONS: high prevalence rates of adverse childhood experiences and psychiatric disorders private individuals of their liberty were observed to coincide with that shown in other studies in similar populations.
