ABSTRACT
A cerebrovascular occlusive event is a rare complication of IBD, which usually occurs during its acute phase, shortly after diagnosis. This association seems to be a complex situation, affected by a combination of factors.
Subject(s)
Brain Infarction/diagnosis , Colitis, Ulcerative/complications , Colitis, Ulcerative/diagnosis , Hemianopsia/etiology , Occipital Lobe/pathology , Acute Disease , Brain Infarction/etiology , Colitis, Ulcerative/therapy , Disease Progression , Female , Hemianopsia/diagnosis , Humans , Iran , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Rare Diseases , Recurrence , Severity of Illness Index , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Young AdultABSTRACT
Co-infection of HBV, HCV and HIV is common because of shared routes of viral transmission with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Anti-HCV and HIV antibodies of 168 HBV patients were assayed. Co-infection of HCV in HBV patients was seen in four cases (2.4%). Simultaneous infection of HIV in HBV patents was seen in three cases (1.8%). There was no simultaneous co-infection of HCV, HIV and HBV. It is recommended that all patients are screened for possible co-infections before initiating treatment.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications , Hepatitis B, Chronic/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/complications , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Adult , Female , HIV Antibodies/blood , HIV Infections/virology , HIV-1/immunology , Hepacivirus/immunology , Hepatitis B virus/immunology , Hepatitis B, Chronic/virology , Hepatitis C/virology , Hepatitis C Antibodies/blood , Humans , Iran/epidemiology , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cervical Cancer is one of the most important and commonly diagnosed types of cancer in females. There are different causes of cervical cancer, amongst which recurrent and persistent infection with HPV types 16 and 18 are the most renowned ones. These genotypes are the main factors in 99 % of cases in developed countries and 70 % in developing ones. Due to the importance of these viruses in cervical cancer, molecular detection of HPV and its high risk genotypes in Gorgan was designed. METHODS: Pap smears and swabs specimens were taken from 308 women. Papanicola staining method and cytology were used. Nucleic acid was extracted by proteinase K phenol-chloroform standard method and then assessed by using beta-globin primer. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was then performed for papilomaviruses on all patients and positive cases from both types, including HPV 16 and 18 genotypes, were detected. RESULTS: Three hundred and eight women (15-75 years old) with mean age of 37.54±10.6 were recruited. Seventy six cases (20.1%) of whom were infected with HPV and 48.6% with HPV16 or 18 positive. Normal cytology was seen in 226 cases and 41 patients (18.1%) were HPV positive. Amongst those 152 cases with inflammation or abnormal cytology, 35 cases (23%) were HPV positive. No significant relation was reported between different variables and HPV infections. CONCLUSIONS: Due to high rate of HPV infection, as well as its high risk genotypes in different studies, more careful screening of women by Pap smear is recommended.
