Three-dimensional modelling of the femur and humerus in adult male guinea pigs (guinea pig) with computed tomography and some biometric measurement values.

BACKGROUND: Guinea pig is a species belonging to the Caviidae family of the Rodentia order and is frequently used in experimental studies. Biomedical imaging methods are used in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases in medicine. Among these methods, computed tomography (CT) is one of the most important imaging methods. In this study, it was aimed to perform the three-dimensional (3D) modelling of the CT images, obtained from the humerus and femur in the guinea pigs, via the MIMICS programme, and to make some biometric measurements regarding the bones over these models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, 12 male adult guinea pigs were used. The soft tissue on the humerus and femur bones of the guinea pigs was removed. After this procedure, CT images at a 0.5 mm-thickness were obtained from the animals. The images were recorded in DICOM format. Then, the reconstruction process was performed from the images by using the 3D modeling programme MIMICS® 13.1. On the 3D model of the humerus and femur (right-left), volumes, surface areas and lengths as well as other biometric parameters were measured separately, and the values were recorded. In addition, measurements of the bones were made with the help of a digital calliper. RESULTS: Among the parameters obtained from 3D models, a statistical difference was observed between the right and left cortical thicknesses of the femur from the measurements of calliper and the right and left humerus volumes (p < 0.05); whereas, no statistical difference was found in other parameters of both measurements (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It can be stated that CT and 3D modelling can be used for the measurement of some parameters in the long bones of the guinea pigs.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of New Zealand rabbit antebrachium by multidetector computed tomography.

The aim of this study was to reveal biometric peculiarities of New Zealand white rabbit antebrachium (radius and ulna) by means of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) images. Under general anesthesia, the antebrachiums of a total of sixteen rabbits of both sexes were scanned with a general diagnostic MDCT. Biometric measurements of the reconstructed models from high resolution MDCT images were analyzed statistically. Consequently, when biometric measurement values of corresponding bones of antebrachium were compared, it was revealed that there was no statistical significance within both sexes but there were statistically important differences between both sexes in some biometric measurements. It has been suggested that the results from the study can shed light on future studies on the skeletal system and can form a modern point of view to anatomical education.

Morphological studies on Meckel's diverticulum in geese (Anser anser domesticus).

This study was carried out to reveal the morphological features of Meckel's diverticulum (MD) in geese. For this purpose, a total of 36 adult healthy geese of both sexes, 50-52 weeks of age, were used. The mean weight of MD in male was found to be significantly larger than that of female. It was located a little distal to the midpoint of the small intestine in both sexes. It had a lot of lymphoid tissues, the simple columnar epithelium and a small number of crypts, and was a lack of villi, and its muscularis mucosae was very thin. Results from this study are thought to throw light on future studies on MD and proper diagnosis of pathological disorders related to it, and to contribute considerably to the present anatomical knowledge on MD in geese.

Comparative macroanatomic investigations of the venous drainage of the heart in Akkaraman sheep and Angora goats.

This study was carried out to evaluate the origin, course and terminations of the cardiac veins in Akkaraman sheep and Angora goats. These vessels are the great cardiac, left marginal, middle cardiac, right cardiac and smallest cardiac veins. For this purpose, latex was injected into the jugular vein of eight adult healthy Akkaraman sheep and Angora goats. These veins were dissected. It has been shown that the middle cardiac vein and great cardiac veins coursed with the branches of the coronary arteries and that they were anastomosed with each other. The venous blood from the great cardiac vein and middle cardiac veins emptied into the right atria via the coronary sinus. The venous blood from the interventricular septum was conveyed to the middle cardiac vein and great cardiac veins.

The arterial supply of Meckel's diverticulum in geese (Anser anser domesticus).

This study was carried out to describe the arterial supply of Meckel's diverticulum (MD) in geese, using 36 adult healthy geese of both sexes, 50 to 52 weeks of age. The arterial supply of MD was classified into three types, In the first type, MD was supplied by a very distinct branch from the cranial mesenteric artery in 21 geese. In the second type, it was supplied by one terminal branch from the cranial mesenteric artery in 9 geese. In the third type, it was supplied both by one branch from the jejunal artery and by terminal branch from the cranial mesenteric artery in 6 geese. Based on the these types, we found significant differences (p < or = 0.01) in the length of MD between type I and II. The blood supply of the third type was observed more frequently in the male than in the female. Results from this study may contribute to the anatomical knowledge of arterial supply of MD in the geese.

Reversed seromuscular gastrocystoplasty for bladder augmentation.

The aim of this study was to prevent the complications of gastrocystoplasty by using reversed seromuscular gastrocystoplasty for bladder augmentation. Healthy mongrel dogs were used in the study. A diamond shaped segment was separated from the remainder of the stomach preserving the right gastroepiploic artery in 11 dogs. The gastric mucosa was removed. A reversed seromuscular gastrocystoplasty was performed. The animals were observed for a mean of 7.7 months. Thereafter, relaparotomy was performed in all animals. A bladder stone was found in 1 dog. In the histopathological evaluation of the urinary bladder, it was seen that the gastric serosal surface was covered with the urothelium in all dogs. Transitional epithelial hyperplasia in 1 dog (12.5%) and squamous metaplasia in 2 dogs (25%) were identified. There were no statistical differences between preoperative and postoperative values of urine and blood pH and serum sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate levels. Complications of gastrocystoplasty such as hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis and hematuria and dysuria syndrome, are prevented by this procedure. The shrinkage of the gastric patch surface may also be prevented by facing the smooth gastric serosa to the internal surface of the urinary bladder.