The COPD Comorbidome in the Light of the Degree of Dyspnea and Risk of Exacerbation.

The BODE group designed a bubble chart, analogous to the solar system, which depicts the prevalence of each disease and its association with mortality and called it a "comorbidome". Although this graph was used to represent mortality and, later, the risk of needing hospital admission, it was not applied to visualize the association between a set of comorbidities and the categories of the GOLD 2017 guidelines, neither according to the degree of dyspnea nor to the risk of exacerbation. For the purpose of knowing to which extent each comorbidity associates with each of the two conditions-most symptomatic group (groups B and D) and highest risk of exacerbation (groups C and D)-we performed a analysis based on the comorbidome. 439 patients were included. Cardiovascular comorbidity (especially cardiac and renal disease) is predominantly observed in patients with a higher degree of dyspnea, whereas bronchial asthma and stroke occur more frequently in subjects at higher risk of exacerbation. This is the first time that the comorbidome is presented based on the categories of the GOLD 2017 document, which we hope will serve as a stimulus for scientific debate.

Health Status in Patients with COPD According to GOLD 2017 Classification: Use of the COMCOLD Score in Routine Clinical Practice.

The COMCOLD score was developed to quantify the impact of comorbidities on health status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between health status in outpatients with COPD according to COMCOLD score and the GOLD 2017 groups according to symptoms (B and D vs. A and C) and exacerbations (C and D vs. A and B). 439 patients were included. The average score was 2.4 ± 3. 48% of cases had a COMCOLD score >0. The most symptomatic patients (B and D vs. A and C) had a higher score: 3 ± 3.3 vs. 1.3 ± 2.1 (p < 0.001), in contrast with the groups with a higher risk of exacerbation (C and D vs. A and B) in which there was no significant difference: 3 ± 3.5 vs. 2.2 ± 3.0 (p = 0.055). The most symptomatic patients (B and D) showed a greater prevalence of depression, peripheral artery disease and heart disease with an adjusted OR of 3.04 [CI95%: 1.36; 6.86], 2.49 [CI95%: 1.17; 5.29], and 4.41 [CI95%: 2.50; 7.75], respectively. Moreover, no relationship was found between the comorbidities defined by the COMCOLD score and the GOLD 2017 groups with the greatest risk of exacerbation (C and D). The greatest effect on health status was found in those patients with COPD belonging to the most symptomatic groups (B and D), with depression, peripheral artery disease, and heart disease being the main comorbidities involved.

Vacunación antineumocócica en el paciente con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica: una asignatura a mejorar / Antipneumococcal vaccination in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonar disease: A matter of improvement

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Impacto de la vacunación neumocócica de polisacáridos conjugados 13-valente en las exacerbaciones de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica con obstrucción al flujo aéreo moderada-muy grave / Impact of 13-valent pneumococal conjugate polysaccharide vaccination on exacerbations rate of COPD patients with moderate to severe obstruction

Introducción. Uno de los principales microorganismos descritos como causante de las exacerbaciones de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es Streptococcus pneumoniae. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el impacto de la administración de la vacuna neumocócica de polisacáridos conjugados 13-valente (VNC13) en pacientes con EPOC en lo que respecta al desarrollo de exacerbaciones y el posible efecto diferencial según perfil del paciente. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional prospectivo de 18 meses de seguimiento de pacientes con EPOC y FEV1 ≤ 65%. Variables principales: estado de vacunación con VNC13, fenotipo 'exacerbador' o 'no exacerbador', número de exacerbaciones, ingresos y fallecimientos. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo según la naturaleza de la variable y un análisis inferencial con IC95%, contrastes bivariados y análisis multivariante. Nivel de significación 5%. Se emplearon los paquetes estadísticos EPIDAT 3.0 y SPSS versión 21.0. Resultados. 121 pacientes fueron incluidos. El 24% se etiquetaron como fenotipo exacerbador. Un 36% estaban vacunados con VNC13. Durante el seguimiento, el 68% de los pacientes presentaron al menos una exacerbación y un 27% requirió ingreso. Observamos similitud (p> 0,05) en el número de exacerbaciones y fallecimientos, sin embargo el porcentaje de ingresos en los vacunados fue del 18% frente a 32% en el grupo de no vacunados. En el ajuste multivariado (controlando por el fenotipo del paciente) se observa un ORajustado de 2,77 de riesgo de ingreso en el grupo no vacunado (p=0,044). Conclusiones. La falta de vacunación con VNC13 en pacientes con EPOC casi triplica el riesgo de ingreso hospitalario (AU)

Introduction. One of the major microorganisms described as the cause of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is Streptococcus pneumoniae. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate polysaccharide vaccine (PCV13) in COPD patients with regard to the development of exacerbations and the possible differential effect according to the patient’s phenotype. Material and methods. Prospective observational study of patients with COPD and FEV1 ≤ 65% and 18-month follow-up. Main variables: vaccination status with PCV13, phenotype 'exacerbator' or 'non-exacerbator', number of exacerbations, hospitalization and deaths. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed according to the nature of the variable and an inferential analysis with CI95%, bivariate contrasts, and multivariate analysis. Significance level 5%. The statistical packages EPIDAT 3.0 and SPSS version 21.0 were used. Results. 121 patients were included. Twenty-four percent were labeled as phenotype exacerbator. 36% were vaccinated with PCV13. During follow-up, 68% of patients had at least one exacerbation and 27% required hospitalization. We observed similarity (p> 0.05) in the number of exacerbations and deaths; however, the percentage of hospitalization in the vaccinated was 18%, compared to 32% in the non-vaccinated group. In the multivariate adjustment (controlling for the phenotype), an adjusted OR of 2.77 risk of hospitalization was observed in the non-vaccinated group (p = 0.044). Conclusions. Non-vaccination with PCV13 almost triples the risk of hospitalization in patients with COPD (AU)