ABSTRACT
Background: Dry eye disease (DED) occurs as a result of an abnormality in tear production, tear consistency, and tear evaporation. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with dry eye disease in a population-based setting in Southwest Nigeria. Patient and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a medical outreach at Iperu Remo in Nigeria. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 415 participants. Symptoms of dry eye were evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire. Tear film break-up time (TBUT), fluorescein staining, Schirmer test with anesthesia, and meibomian gland were evaluated. The diagnosis of DED was confirmed when the OSDI score is ≥13 and TBUT is less than 10 seconds. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and logistic regression analyses at a 0.05 level of significance. Results: The overall prevalence of DED was 28.2%. Adults aged between 31 and 40 years were 23 times more likely to be diagnosed with dry eyes (aOR = 23.13; 95% CI: 1.32 - 405.99; P = 0.032) compared to those between 16 and 20 years. Female adults were about four times more likely to be diagnosed with dry eyes (aOR = 3.59; 95% CI: 1.44 - 8.94; P = 0.006). The use of drugs was also significantly associated with dry eyes. Conclusion: This study shows a fairly high prevalence of DED among adults in a semi-urban area in Southwest Nigeria. Ophthalmologists and other eye care workers need to be cautious about the DED and offer appropriate treatment options to patients.
Subject(s)
Dry Eye Syndromes , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosis , Dry Eye Syndromes/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Nigeria/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Too few family planning studies in Nigeria have focused on the men. This community-based study determined the level of knowledge, attitude to and the practice of contraception among married men in a rural community in south west Nigeria. The study also identified socio-demographic and other variables associated with male contraceptive use. Knowledge was high for any family planning and any modern family planning method (90.9% and 73.3%). High level of knowledge alone was however not sufficient enough to promote a high level of use. The men's attitude was generally positive. Nearly half (47.3%) of respondents reported that they made family planning decisions with their spouses, though the larger majority thought it was the wife's responsibility to go for family planning. Among the men, 55.7% had ever used, while 26.7% were current users of any method. High level of formal education and duration of marriage (10 years and longer) were predictive of ever-used of a FP method while having fewer than 5 surviving children negatively affected the use of FP methods. Current users of any family planning method were likely to be men with high formal education and with two or more surviving female children. The condom was the most utilized method but traditional methods of unproven efficacy, some of which were hitherto thought to be used only by women, were also widely used. Current use of contraceptives by males in this rural community is lower than what is generally reported for the country and the southwest region. It could be further improved when child survival is assured and when there is an improvement in the general level of education in the community.
