[Carbohydrate adaptive substance for prophylaxis of immune disorders and correction of dysbacterioses]. / Uglevodnyi adaptogen dlia profilaktiki immunnykh rasstroistv i korrektsii disbakteriozov.

Effects of a new preparation, adaptokhit, on the intestinal microbiocenosis and some parameters of immune resistance were studied in Macaque rhesus during 13-day hypokinesia. Experimental animals were given adaptokhit as an alimentary supplement preventing dysbiotic consequences of the microecologic unbalance due to motor restraint. Results of the investigation showed certain distinctions in the intestinal microflora in the experimental and control animals as early as on day three of the experiment. Intestinal microflora of the experimental primates who daily consumed adaptokhit at 50 mg/kg of the body remained stable throughout the period of observation. In contrast, in their controls lactoflora was found to decrease in parallel to the growth of opportunistically pathogenic endobacteria including representatives of Proteus and Clostridia sp., and development of dysbacteriosis of categories II and III. Besides, in the experimental animals adaptokhit prevented decline in the proliferative activity of lymphocytes further into adaptation. Also, at the final stage of observation following canceling the preparation there were signs of normalization of the allergologic status of primates in the experimental group. Therefore, adaptokhit can be used as an alimentary supplement to strengthen the colony resistance of animals in extreme conditions.

[The intestinal microflora of patients with inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area]. / Mikroflora kishechnika u bol'nykh vospalitel'nymi zabolevaniiami cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti.

The microflora of the large intestine in patients with odontogenic phlegmons of different localization were studied. 80.8% of such patients were found to have microecological disturbances, characterized by a decrease in the number of bacteria belonging to the genera Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus and Bacteroides and by an increase in the number of opportunistic microorganisms.

[The biological properties of Bifidobacterium]. / O nekotorykh biologicheskikh svoistvakh bifidobakterii.

The possibility of the formation of exoenzymes, such as DNAase, RNAase and hemolysin, by bifidobacteria was studied in comparison with their acid-forming and adhesive activity. Bifidobacterium reference strains, originally isolated from healthy adults and children, were studied. The study involved altogether 73 strains of bifidobacteria, including 24 B. bifidum strains, 13 B. adolescentis strains, 7 B. infantis strains, 10 B. breve strains and 19 B. longum strains. The bifidobacteria under study were shown to differ not only in the presence and activity of properties useful for macroorganisms, but also in the presence of enzymes having depolymerizing activity (DNAase, hemolysin). Thus, out of 73 strains under study 9 proved to be DNAase-positive and 6, hemolysin positive. At the same time a specific feature of bifidobacteria was their high acid-forming activity with the complete absence of RNAase activity and insignificant DNAase- and hemolysin-forming activity.

[The efficacy of bifidum-containing preparations in enterogenous reactive arthritis]. / Effektivnost' bifidumsoderzhashchikh preparatov pri énterogennykh reaktivnykh artritakh.

Analysis is made of the intestinal microflora in 43 patients suffering from reactive arthritides (ReA) that developed after intestinal infection. The overwhelming majority of the patients manifested a decrease of the level of the bifidoflora. The disorders of the intestinal microflora were related to the disease activity and standing. Bifidumbacterine was found to produce a significant beneficial effect on the course of ReA and to cause no serious side effects. According to the preliminary data, the efficacy of bifidumbacterin exceeded that of the known basic drug salazopyridazine, thus making it possible to apply the bifidum-containing drugs as basic agents in the treatment of ReA.

[The microbiocenosis of the intestines and its influence on the course of postenterocolitic reactive arthritis]. / Mikrobiotsenoz kishechnika i ego vliianie na techenie posténterokoliticheskogo reaktivnogo artrita.

The authors studied microbiocenosis of the intestine and its influence on the course of postenterocolitic reactive arthritis in 43 patients. The data obtained confirm the participation of intestinal dysbacteriosis in the development of a chronic form of reactive arthritis. The favourable effect of sour milk bifidumbacterin on articular manifestations in postenterocolitic reactive arthritis has been noted.

[Microbiocenosis and the status of the intestinal mucosa in alkylosing spondyloarthritis]. / Mikrobiotsenoz i sostoianie slizistoi obolochki kishechnika pri ankiloziruiushchem spondiloartrite.

Intestinal microbiocenosis was examined in 53 patients with ankylosing spondyloarthritis (AS). Of these, 23 had the central and 30 presented with the peripheral form. 34 patients underwent endoscopic examinations (rectoromanoscopy, ileocolonoscopy). As a result, in 74% of cases with the central form of AS and in 80% of cases with the peripheral form of AS, alterations in the intestinal microflora were revealed, which can be regarded as intestinal dysbacteriosis (ID), with dysbacteriosis being more pronounced in patients with the peripheral form. In such patients it manifested by a considerable decrease of the amount of bifido- and lactoflora, which promoted the increment of the amount of opportunistic microorganisms, particularly Klebsiella. Macroscopic signs of nonspecific inflammation of the small and large intestines were identified in 63% of patients with the central and in 67% of those with the peripheral form of AS. Mean-while histomorphological study of biopsy specimens of the intestinal mucosa showed that all the examinees had chronic inflammation of varying degree.

[A coagglutination method in the identification of Bordetella genus microbes]. / Metod koaggliutinatsii v identifikatsii mikrobov roda bordetell.

Trials of the coagglutination test for the identification of Bordetella bacteria and for the detection of B. pertussis in the material from healthy and sick children have demonstrated the possibility of using this test for the detection of B. pertussis in mixed cultures on the third day after preliminary inoculation in the growth medium (casein-coal agar) and as a test for the differentiation between B. pertussis and gram-negative bacteria similar to it by their morphologic and serologic characteristics.

[Morphological heterogeneity of Bordetella pertussis populations and clones (based on electron microscopy data)]. / Morfologicheskaia neodnorodnost' populiatsii i klonov Bordetella pertussis (po dannym élektronnoi mikroskopii).

Populations belonging to different serovars of B. pertussis museum strains and antibiotic-resistant clones obtained from them have been studied by electron microscopy. As a result, morphological heterogeneity and differences in the ultrastructure of the cells with respect to the cell-wall structure, the character of the cytoplasm, the size of the cells, cytoplasmic inclusions and intracellular links have been demonstrated and, proceeding from these data, two main morphological variants of the cells have been defined. The cells of the morphological variant characterized by the pliciform surface of the outer membrane and the pronounced periplasmic space prevail among the populations of the museum strains. The possibility of the isolation of antibiotic-resistant clones, differing in their morphological structure and functional properties from the initial population, has been shown. The morphological diversity of B. pertussis population is the necessary condition for the existence and development of microbial populations.

[Importance of immunoelectrophoresis in agar and disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel for characterizing different strains of Bordetella pertussis]. / Znachenie metoda immunoélektroforeza v agare i diskovogo élektroforeza v poliakrilamidnom gele dlia kharakteristiki razlichnykh shtammov Bordetella pertussis.

The antigenic composition of typical and atypical B. pertussis strains obtained in the foci of pertussis infection, as well as experimentally obtained antibiotic-resistant B. pertussis strains, has been studied by the methods of immunoelectrophoresis in agar and electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel (PAAG). Immunoelectrophoresis in agar has been found capable of differentiating B. pertussis culture from a group of unidentified morphologically similar Gram-negative bacilli by their antigenic composition and thus suitable for use as an additional criterion in the identification of atypical B. pertussis strains. PAAG electrophoresis has permitted finding differences in the set of protein antigens in the control strain and in its clones obtained by multiple subculturing in media with antibiotics added.

[Changes in the biological properties of the pertussis microbe exposed to antibiotics]. / Izmenenie biologicheskikh svoistv kokliushnogo mikroba pri deistvii antibiotikov.

Experimental modeling of the process of variation of the pertussis causative agent grown on the casein-carbon agar medium with subtoxic doses of the widely used antibiotics was performed. Significant changes in the morphological, cultural and serological properties of the pertussis microbe, in its sensitivity to the antibiotics and bacteriocins, in the activity of glutamine synthetase and in the electrophoretic mobility of the protein components were shown. The antigen structure determined with the method of immune electrophoresis in the agar gel and the biochemical properties were the stable characteristics defining the population taxonomic position as Bordetella pertussis. Possible occurrence of atypical strains of the pertussis causative agent in the patients with the cough syndrome treated with the antibiotics is indicated. It is suggested that antibiotics may play a significant role in redistribution of subpopulations with different functional properties in the population of the pertussis microbe.