[Studies of local anaesthetics: part 205* studies of stability of heptacainium chloride and carbisocainium chloride using an accelerated non-isothermal test]. / Stúdium lokálnych anestetík: Cast 205* Stúdium stability heptakaíniumchloridu a karbizokaíniumchloridu zrýchleným neizotermickým testom.

The paper studies the kinetics of alkaline hydrolysis and stability under non-isothermal conditions of heptacainium chloride and carbisocainium chloride in the medium of aqueous-ethanolic solution of sodium hydroxide c = 0.1 mol/l and buffer solutions of values of pH 7.0 and pH 8.0. The results of the study of the kinetics of hydrolysis by means of a non-isothermal test - rate constants and activation energy values served as the basis for exact evaluation of the stability of these potential pharmaceuticals. The objective of the paper links up with the previous studies of these substances.

[Alkalimetric titrations of salts of organic bases in the Pharmacopoeia]. / Alkalimetrické titrácie solí organických zásad v liekopise.

Modified methods - alkalimetry in ethanol 70% with a defined small volume of hydrochloric acid 0.01 mol/l added to the solution of the sample before the titration and alkalimetry in ethanol 70% or ethanol 96% alone with potentiometric end-point detection for the assay of halide salts of 11 organic N-bases has been investigated. The results were compared to those obtained by the method of the European Pharmacopoeia 7th Ed. (Ph. Eur. 7th Ed.). The Ph. Eur. 7th Ed. use for 8 investigated substances alkalimetry in alcohol 96 % with a defined small volume of hydrochloric acid 0.01 mol/l (5 ml) with potentiometric end-point detection: Cinchocaine hydrochloride, Codeine hydrochloride dihydrate, Ethylmorphine hydrochloride, Lidocaine hydrochloride, Papaverine hydrochloride, Pilocarpine hydrochloride, Quinine hydrochloride, Tetracaine hydrochloride. Our results revealed that the Ph. Eur. 7th Ed. method did not work for 5 drugs from this group: Cinchocaine hydrochloride, Ethylmorphine hydrochloride, Papaverine hydrochloride, Pilocarpine hydrochloride and Tetracaine hydrochloride. In the group of investigated substances we included also drugs with the character of weak organic bases for which Ph. Eur. 7th Ed. prescribed different methods for their assay: Thiamine hydrochloride and Pyridoxine hydrochloride - acidimetric titration in non-aqueous solvents with perchloric acid and Procaine hydrochloride - determination of primary aromatic amino-nitrogen (Ph. Eur. 7th Ed., chapter 2.5.8).

Carboxymethylated pyridoindole antioxidants as aldose reductase inhibitors: Synthesis, activity, partitioning, and molecular modeling.

Starting from the efficient hexahydropyridoindole antioxidant stobadine, a series of carboxymethylated tetrahydro- and hexahydropyridoindole derivatives was synthesized and tested for the inhibition of aldose reductase, an enzyme involved in the etiology of diabetic complications. In vitro inhibiton of rat lens aldose reductase was determined by a conventional method. Kinetic analysis of (2-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole-8-yl)-acetic acid (5b) and (2-phenethyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole-8-yl)-acetic acid (5c), the most potent compounds in this series with activities in micromolar range, showed uncompetitive inhibition. In addition to the importance of the acidic function, the inhibition efficacy was highly influenced by the steric conformation of the lipophilic aromatic backbone when comparing tetrahydro- and hexahydropyridoindole congeners. Selectivity with respect to the closely related aldehyde reductase was determined by measuring the corresponding inhibitory activities. Antioxidant action of the novel compounds was documented in a DPPH test and in a liposomal membrane model, oxidatively stressed by peroxyl radicals. The presence of a basicity center at the tertiary nitrogen, in addition to the acidic carboxylic function, predisposes these compounds to form double charged zwitterionic species, a characteristic which may remarkably affect their pH-lipophilicity profile. For compounds 5b and 5c, a maximal distribution ratio in a system comprised of 1-octanol/phosphate buffer was recorded near the neutral physiological pH, the region where the isoelectric point lies. Molecular docking simulations into the ALR2 active site performed for the zwitterionic species provided an explanation for the observed structure-activity relationships and the calculated parameters were in agreement with characteristic differences in the stereoelectronic profiles of the tetrahydro- versus hexahydropyridoindoles. 'Drug-likeness' of the novel aldose reductase inhibitors was assessed by applying the criteria of Lipinski's 'rule of five'.

Skin permeation of acyl derivatives of stobadine.

Stobadine is a model drug with pyridoindole structure with cardioprotective and antioxidant properties. Permeation properties of its acyl derivatives were studied to find a proper prodrug form. The experimental study of transdermal delivery of derivatives was combined with the theoretical approach in which the partition coefficients of substances were estimated by means of fragmentation or quantum chemical calculations. All modes applied showed differences in the transport properties of derivative S1 (N-acetyl stobadine). The experimental results obtained for the flux of S1 were higher by one order of magnitude than for the other derivatives and the parent drug. The results are discussed from the point of view of physicochemical properties of derivatives. We concluded that the exceptional permeation value of S1 derivative results from the concurrence of partitioning coefficient, dissociation constant, and arrangement of permeation set.