ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Analisar os riscos presentes no ambiente domiciliar das pessoas idosas. Métodos: Estudo exploratório-descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido na rede municipal de Atenção Primária à Saúde de Boa Vista -Roraima. O grupo social envolvido nesta investigação foi constituído por 22 participantes, distribuídos em dois subgrupos: 11 pessoas idosas e 11 enfermeiros que acompanham os idosos selecionados em seu domicílio. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e os achados foram analisados segundo o referencial teórico-analítico de conteúdo de Laurence Bardin. Resultados: Os riscos presentes no ambiente domiciliar das pessoas idosas foram organizados em três grandes dimensões categóricas: comportamentais, biológicas e físicos. Nesse sentido, ações como limpar, lavar, cozinhar, o uso ineficaz de medicamentos, hábitos alimentares inapropriados, diagnóstico de doenças crônicas, declínio das funções fisiológicas, vasos sanitários desalinhados, objetos no chão, uso de tapetes, piso liso, quebrado e molhado, foram considerados elementos indutores de risco à saúde da pessoa idosa em seu lar. Conclusão: A tríade comportamento, biologia e ambiente representou um complexo-chave para pensar os riscos que influenciam o processo saúde-doença das pessoas idosas domiciliadas a partir de análises nightingaleanas. Descritores: Ambiente Domiciliar; Atenção Primária à Saúde; Acidentes por Quedas; Vulnerabilidade em Saúde; Enfermagem Geriátrica.
Objective: To analyze the risks present in the home environment of elderly people.Methods: Exploratory-descriptive study with a qualitative approach, developed in the Primary Health Care municipal network of Boa Vista -Roraima. The social group involved in this investigation consisted of 22 participants, divided into two subgroups: 11 elderly people and 11 nurses who accompany theselected elderly in their homes. Semi-structured interviews were carried out and the findings were analyzed according to the theoretical-analytical framework of Laurence Bardin's content.Results: The current risks in the home environment of elderly people were organized into three major categorical dimensions: behavioral, biological and physical. In this sense, actions such as cleaning, washing, cooking, the ineffective use of medication, inappropriate eating habits, diagnosis of chronic diseases, declinein physiological functions, misaligned toilets, objects on the floor, use of rugs, smooth, broken and wet floors, they were considered risk-inducing elements to the health of the elderly person in their home. Conclusion: The triad of behavior, biology andenvironment represented a key-complex for thinking about the risks that influence the health-disease process of elderly people living at home based on Nightingale's analyses. Descriptors: Home Environment; Primary Health Care; Fall Accidents; Health Vulnerability; Geriatric Nursing.
Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Accidental Falls , Health Vulnerability , Home Environment , Geriatric NursingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Considering that the Lactobacillus casei group is strongly associated with caries progression, the use of lactobacilli as probiotics must be balanced due to their possible involvement in dental caries. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to detect and quantify L. paracasei, L. rhamnosus, and L. casei group species in the active and arrested dentinal lesions of preschoolers. It also aimed to determine the expression profiles of lactobacilli genes related to adhesion, extracellular polymeric substance regulation, and pyruvate oxidation. METHODS: Total ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from dentinal lesion samples (25 active, 13 arrested) of children between 2 and 5 years of age. The samples were converted to complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses were performed to quantify and determine the relative abundance (measured by percentage of total bacteria) of L. paracasei, L. rhamnosus, and L. casei group species. The expression profiles of L. paracasei/casei genes (spaC and spxB) and L. rhamnosus genes (spaE and wzb) were assessed. The Student t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparisons. RESULTS: The L. casei group species were found to be part of the viable microbial community in dentinal caries. L. paracasei (p = 0.001), L. rhamnosus (p = 0.022), and L. casei (p = 0.004) group species were abundant in the active dentinal lesions compared to the arrested dentinal lesions. Only the wzb gene (p = 0.006) exhibited a statistically significant difference between the active and arrested lesions in terms of its expression profile; it was expressed to a higher extent in the active dentinal lesions. CONCLUSIONS: The L. casei group species presented in large numbers in the active dentinal caries lesions, indicating that these microorganisms are related to caries activity, and the wzb gene may play an important role in caries progression.
ABSTRACT
Background: RNA isolation from bacteria within dentine caries lesions could be difficult due to reduced amount of collectable biomass and high mRNA instability. Attempting to overcome this challenge we describe one protocol developed to extract and purify total RNA from dentine lesions. Objective: customize a bacterial RNA extraction and purification method from human carious dentine. Methods: quantity and purity of extracted RNA were measured with a microvolume UV-VIS spectrophotometer, RNA integrity was assessed by standard denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis and images were captured under ultraviolet light with camera and analyzed. DNase treatment removed genomic DNA and an additional step of purification was carried out in silica spin column. Results: final yield (ng/µl) was 67.01 ± 22.33, absorbance ratio A260/A280 = 2.0 ± 0.07 and RNA integrity were obtained. The purified samples were reversely transcribed and the expression of atpD and fabM gene from Streptococcus mutans analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Conclusion: the extraction methodology developed produced high-quality RNA from dentine microbiota for transcriptional analysis.
Introdução: o isolamento de RNA de bactérias dentro de lesões de dentina cariada pode ser difícil devido à quantidade reduzida de biomassa e alta instabilidade de mRNA. Na tentativa de superar esse desafio, descrevemos um protocolo desenvolvido para extrair e purificar o RNA total das lesões dentinárias. Objetivo: personalizar um método de extração e purificação de RNA bacteriano a partir da dentina cariada humana. Métodos: a quantidade e a pureza do RNA extraído foram medidas com um espectrofotômetro UV-VIS de microvolume, a integridade do RNA foi avaliada por eletroforese em gel de agarose desnaturante padrão e as imagens foram capturadas sob luz ultravioleta e analisadas. O tratamento com DNase removeu o DNA genômico e uma etapa adicional de purificação foi realizada em coluna de spin de sílica. Resultados: o rendimento final (ng / µl) foi de 67,01 ± 22,33, a razão de absorbância A260 / A280 = 2,0 ± 0,07 e a integridade do RNA foram obtidas. As amostras purificadas foram transcritas reversamente e a expressão do gene atpD e fabM de Streptococcus mutans analisadas por PCR quantitativo em tempo real (RT-qPCR). Conclusão: a metodologia de extração desenvolvida produziu RNA de alta qualidade da microbiota dentinária para análises transcricionais.
Subject(s)
RNA , Dentin , Streptococcus mutans , Gene ExpressionABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Monitoring selected key species related to health or disease may facilitate caries risk assessment and discovery of novel ecological preventive and therapeutic approaches. This study aimed at quantifying Actinomyces naeslundii, Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei group, Streptococcus gordonii, Mitis group and Streptococcus mutans by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in dental biofilm from Brazilian children with different stages of early childhood caries (ECC). DESIGN: Seventy-five preschool children were clinically evaluated by ICDAS criteria and divided into groups: caries-free (CF; n = 20), enamel caries lesions (ECL; n = 17) and dentine caries lesions (DCL; n = 38). Plaque samples from all children were collected for detection and quantification of the selected bacteria. RESULTS: L. acidophilus and L. casei group were absent in almost all plaque samples. No differences in relative proportions of A. naeslundii, Mitis group and S. gordonii were observed in any stage of caries. However, S. mutans and Bifidobacterium spp. were present at higher concentrations in the biofilm of children with DCL (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that S. mutans and Bifidobacterium spp. were strongly associated with biofilm in children with DCL. CONCLUSION: Differences were observed in the proportion of acidogenic and aciduric bacteria with dental caries progression. The data indicate that S. mutans and Bifidobacterium spp. in dental biofilm may be involved in some progression processes for ECC.
Subject(s)
Bifidobacterium/isolation & purification , Biofilms/classification , Dental Caries/microbiology , Streptococcus mutans/isolation & purification , Brazil , Child, Preschool , Dental Plaque/microbiology , Female , Humans , Lactobacillus acidophilus/isolation & purification , Lacticaseibacillus casei/isolation & purification , Male , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
AIM: The use of fluoride-releasing materials could be compromised due to aging and might also be influenced by other ordinary sources of fluoride. The aim of the present study was to investigate the aging effect on caries development around resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) restorations and the influence of fluoride dentifrice use in this process under the oral environment. METHODS: A clinical study was performed in two phases of 14 days each. A total of 16 volunteers wore palatal devices containing dental slabs restored with either a composite resin or RMGIC, either aged or unaged by thermocycling. To simulate a clinical situation of high caries risk, the slabs were exposed to a 20% sucrose solution 10 times per day via the in situ model, where non-fluoride or a fluoride dentifrice was used. Integrated demineralization was determined by cross-sectional microhardness at both margins of the restoration: enamel and dentin. RESULTS: For enamel, higher demineralization around the composite restorations was observed, regardless of dentifrice or aging. For dentin, higher demineralization was observed around the aged composite restorations regardless of the dentifrice type used. CONCLUSIONS: The RMGIC restorations provided more enhanced protection against secondary caries for dentin under aging, and the fluoride dentifrice used in this condition had either no clinically relevance or only a minimal effect.
