The interference of ozone gas in kinects and mitochondrial potential of equine sperm submitted on cryopreservation.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of different concentrations of ozone to quarter horse semen submitted to cryopreservation. Six ejaculates from four stallions were collected and were divided in four experimental groups: a control group (BotuCRIO® extender) and three other groups with BotuCRIO® ozonized at concentrations of 6, 8 and 12 µg of O3/mL. The semen samples were diluted (200 x 106 spermatozoa/mL), filled in straws and frozen. After thawing (37 ºC, 30s), the samples were evaluated at 0, 30 and 60 minutes of incubation regarding sperm kinetics by a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), and plasma membrane integrity (PMI), acrosome integrity (ACi) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by fluorescent probes. There was a reduction in the kinetic parameters total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM), curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL) and average path velocity (VAP) in all groups during the thermoresistance test (TT), a pattern also found in PMI and MMP analyses (p<0.05). There was no difference (p>0.05) between the control and treatment (6, 8, and 12 µg of O3/mL) groups, in any of the evaluated times for the kinetic parameters TM, linearity (LIN), straightness (STR), wobble index (WOB), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) and beat cross frequency (BCF). Regarding the VCL, VSL and VAP parameters, the group treated with 6 µg did not differ from the control or from 8 µg, but was higher than 12 µg at 30 and 60 minutes. ACi and PMI did not differ between groups (p>0.05), but PMI was lower in groups 8 µg and 12 µg compared to the control and 6 µg (p<0.05). It was concluded that the addition of ozone does not present beneficial effects for cryopreservation of equine semen at the concentrations used and decreases important parameters of fertility.

Characterizing the vaquejada horse herd in the brazilian state of Pernambuco / Caracterização do rebanho pernambucano de equinos de vaquejada

This study aimed to determine the age groups, breeds, and morphological characteristics of horses used in vaquejada competitions, as well as to define how often the animals compete, the results achieved in the contests, and the duration of training. A sample of 1,271 horses used in vaquejada competitions was employed in the study. The first step consisted in interviewing owners to obtain information on the age and breed of the horses, vaquejada circuits in which they compete, frequency of competition in vaquejada, results reached in the trials, and training duration per month, week, and day. The second step obtained 15 linear measurements and calculated eight morphometric indices. The data obtained from the interviews were submitted to descriptive statistical analyses. The linear measurements and morphometric indices were used to compare sexes using a completely randomized experimental design. The results showed that 80.3% of the vaquejada horses were between four and ten years old and that 89% of the animals were of the Quarter Horse. The morphometric measures showed that stallions had higher height at withers, back, and croup and wider heads, chest, and croup than mares and geldings. On the other hand, among the eight indices calculated, only the value of the height at the chest of the stallions was higher than the mean values in mares and geldings. It was found that 79.7% of the horses took part in two to four vaquejada trials a month while 93.3% of the animals underwent fitness training 12 months a year. The results show a predominance of Quarter Horses in the vaquejada contests in Pernambuco and that the trials require the selection of physically larger and stronger stallions. In addition, the animals are submitted to intense training and competition routines.

O estudo objetivou determinar as faixas etárias, raças e características morfológicas dos equinos competidores de vaquejadas em Pernambuco, assim como definir a frequência em que os animais competem, os resultados conquistados nas disputas e a duração dos treinamentos. Foram utilizados 1271 equinos participantes de provas de vaquejada realizadas no sertão e agreste pernambucano. A primeira etapa do trabalho consistiu em uma entrevista aos proprietários dos animais para obter informações sobre a idade dos equinos, raça, circuitos de vaquejada em que competem (oficiais ou não oficiais), frequência de participação em vaquejadas, resultados alcançados nas provas e a duração mensal, semanal e diária dos treinamentos. Na segunda etapa foram mensuradas 15 medidas lineares e calculados oito índices morfométricos. Os dados obtidos a partir das entrevistas foram submetidos à análises estatísticas descritivas. Já as medidas lineares e índices morfométricos foram utilizados para comparar os sexos, por meio de delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso. Os resultados morfométricos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P<0,05). Observou-se que 80,3% dos equinos de vaquejada tinham entre quatro e 10 anos de idade e que 89% dos animais eram da raça Quarto de Milha. Em relação às medidas morfométricas, registrou-se nos garanhões maiores alturas na cernelha, dorso e garupa e maiores larguras de cabeça, peito e garupa que nas éguas e nos machos castrados. Por outro lado, dentre os oito índices calculados, apenas o valor do vazio subesternal dos garanhões foi superior as médias das fêmeas e dos machos castrados. Constatou-se que 79,7% dos equinos participavam de duas a quatro provas de vaquejada por mês e que 93,3% dos animais eram condicionados fisicamente 12 meses por ano. Concluiu-se que nas vaquejadas realizadas no estado de Pernambuco há predomínio de equinos da raça Quarto de Milha, na faixa etária entre quatro e dez anos e as provas exigem seleção de garanhões fisicamente maiores e mais fortes. Além disso, os animais são submetidos a intensas rotinas de competições e treinamento.

Relationship between Handgrip Strength and Muscle Mass in Female Survivors of Breast Cancer: A Mediation Analysis.

This study explored the mediating factors of sarcopenia in a group of women survivors of breast cancer in Bogotá, Colombia. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with 98 women survivors of breast cancer, who were registered with the SIMMON (Integrated Synergies to Improve Oncological Management in Colombia) Foundation. Body weight, height, and waist circumference (WC) were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Body composition (percentage of fat and muscle mass) was evaluated via four-pole bioelectrical impedance analysis. Sarcopenia was defined as low muscle mass plus low grip strength or low gait speed (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) criteria). A "causal" mediation analysis with the Baron & Kenny procedure (PROCESS® macro, Columbus, OH, USA) was used to explore variables related to sarcopenia. Analyses were performed with the IBM SPSS 21 statistical package (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The significance level of the results obtained in the hypothesis contrast was p < 0.05. The mean age of the sample was 65.5 ± 5.9 years, with a BMI of 27.8 ± 4.7 kg/m². The prevalence of sarcopenia was 22.4%. Linear regression models suggest a partial mediation of anthropometric parameters (body mass, body mass index and waist circumference) in the association between handgrip strength and muscle mass. In conclusion, one in every five women survivors of breast cancer had sarcopenia. The findings seem to emphasize the importance of obesity prevention in women survivors of breast cancer, suggesting that high handgrip strength may not relate closely to greater muscle mass and therefore would not exclude the risk of sarcopenia.

Praças públicas e possibilidades lúdicas: uma análise das praças Serzedelo Correia e Edmundo Bittencourt em Copacabana-RJ / Public squares and playful possibilities: an analysis of Serzedelo Correa and Edmundo Bittencout's square at Copacabana - RJ

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as condições das instalações de lazer em duas (2) praças públicas do bairro Copacabana, município do Rio de janeiro. A partir disso, podemos inferir questões acerca da relação entre conservação dos espaços estatais e as possibilidades de lazer para o conjunto da população. Esta pesquisa utilizou uma analise crítica com observação participante e entrevistas com usuários e funcionários de limpeza, segurança e conservação que atuam nas praças. Concluímos haver sérios problemas de conversação em ambas as praças, que implicam numa precarização e restrição das possibilidades de utilização desses equipamentos públicos.

The aim of this study was to analyze the conditions of the leisure facilities in two (2) public squares in the Copacabana district of Rio de Janeiro. From this we can infer questions about the relationship between conservation of state spaces and leisure possibilities for the whole population. This research used a critical analysis with participant observation and interviews with users and cleaning staff, security and conservation working in the streets. We conclude be serious talk of problems in both squares, which entail a precarious and Restriction of options for using these public facilities.

Reliability of Health-Related Physical Fitness Tests among Colombian Children and Adolescents: The FUPRECOL Study.

Substantial evidence indicates that youth physical fitness levels are an important marker of lifestyle and cardio-metabolic health profiles and predict future risk of chronic diseases. The reliability physical fitness tests have not been explored in Latino-American youth population. This study's aim was to examine the reliability of health-related physical fitness tests that were used in the Colombian health promotion "Fuprecol study". Participants were 229 Colombian youth (boys n = 124 and girls n = 105) aged 9 to 17.9 years old. Five components of health-related physical fitness were measured: 1) morphological component: height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, and body fat (%) via impedance; 2) musculoskeletal component: handgrip and standing long jump test; 3) motor component: speed/agility test (4x10 m shuttle run); 4) flexibility component (hamstring and lumbar extensibility, sit-and-reach test); 5) cardiorespiratory component: 20-meter shuttle-run test (SRT) to estimate maximal oxygen consumption. The tests were performed two times, 1 week apart on the same day of the week, except for the SRT which was performed only once. Intra-observer technical errors of measurement (TEMs) and inter-rater (reliability) were assessed in the morphological component. Reliability for the Musculoskeletal, motor and cardiorespiratory fitness components was examined using Bland-Altman tests. For the morphological component, TEMs were small and reliability was greater than 95% of all cases. For the musculoskeletal, motor, flexibility and cardiorespiratory components, we found adequate reliability patterns in terms of systematic errors (bias) and random error (95% limits of agreement). When the fitness assessments were performed twice, the systematic error was nearly 0 for all tests, except for the sit and reach (mean difference: -1.03% [95% CI = -4.35% to -2.28%]. The results from this study indicate that the "Fuprecol study" health-related physical fitness battery, administered by physical education teachers, was reliable for measuring health-related components of fitness in children and adolescents aged 9-17.9 years old in a school setting in Colombia.

Geno Valgo Leva ao Aumento da Adiposidade e ao Prejuízo na Aptidão Física de Escolares? Um Estudo Longitudinal / Does Genu Valgum leads to Increased Adiposity and a Loss on Physical Fitness in School aged children? A Longitudinal Study

Objetivo: Analisar a associação longitudinal entre o alinhamento do joelho valgo com a adiposidade e a aptidão física de escolares. Métodos: Uma amostra de 129 escolares de ambos os sexos atenderam os seguintes critérios de inclusão: a) idade entre 6 a 18 anos; b) duas avaliações completas de aptidão física incluindo a medida da distância intermaleolar (DIM) dentro de um intervalo de três anos; c) ser matriculado no sistema público de ensino; d) ser aparentemente saudável; d) não ter impedimentos físicos. A DIM foi mensurada com goniômetro em centímetros. Os escolares foram divididos de acordo com os graus de geno valgo (leve, moderado e grave). As variáveis antropométricas incluídas foram: massa corporal, estatura, índice de massa corporal e adiposidade, enquanto as neuromotoras foram: agilidade, velocidade e impulsão horizontal. Análise de Regressão Linear Múltipla foi utilizada para avaliar a associação entre o geno valgo e as variáveis antropométricas e neuromotoras. Resultados: Dos 129 escolares, 62,8% apresentavam geno valgo em grau leve, 21,7% grau moderado e 15,5% grau grave. Após ajustar por possíveis variáveis de confusão, foi possível verificar uma associação significante (p<0,01) entre os graus de geno valgo e a massa corporal (ß 11,7; IC 95% 5,8 ­ 17,7), IMC (ß 3,7; IC 95% 1,9 ­ 5,5) e a adiposidade (ß 7,4; IC 95% 4,3 ­ 10,5). Não foram encontradas associações significantes entre os graus de geno valgo e as variáveis neuromotoras. Conclusão: Adolescentes que apresentam graus mais acentuados de valgismo tem maior probabilidade de aumento da adiposidade no futuro.

Purpose: Evaluate the association between genu valgum with adiposity and physical fitness in a longitudinal approach. Methods: A sample of 129 schoolchildren of both sexes met the following inclusion criteria: a)age between 6-18 years; b) two complete fitness evaluations including measuring the distance intermalleolar (DIM) within an interval of three years; c) be registered in public school system; d) being apparently healthy; e) have no physical handicaps. The intermalleolar distance was measured with a ruler in centimeters. The students were divided into three groups: mild, moderate and severe. Anthropometric variables were measured: body weight, height, body mass index and adiposity, while the neuromotor variables were: agility, speed and long jump. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to test for associations between genu valgum with adiposity and physical fitness variables. Results: Among 129 adolescents, 62,8% were mild genu valgum, 21,7% were moderate genu valgum and 15,5% were severe genu valgum. After adjust by possible confounding variavles, an association between genu valgum and body mass (ß 11,7; IC 95% 5,8 ­ 17,7), BMI (ß 3,7; IC 95% 1,9 ­ 5,5), and adiposity was found (ß 7,4; IC 95% 4,3 ­ 10,5). There were no significant association between genu valgum and neuromotor variables. Conclusion: Adolescentes that present higher levels of genu valgum increase the probability to have higher adiposity in the future.