[Neuropsychology of impulsive aggression]. / Neuropsicología de la agresión impulsiva.

INTRODUCTION: Structural and functional abnormalities of the cerebral circuits involved in affect regulation are associated with the display of violent behaviors. The prefrontal cortex hypofunction linked to the subcortical structural hyperactivity is related to impulsive aggression. AIM: To review the current state of the neuropsychological studies concerning the possible dysfunctions in individuals who show violent and antisocial behaviors, considering the contributions for prevention and treatment. DEVELOPMENT: There is more and more evidence in favour of a neuroanatomical substrate which may represent a vulnerability factor in the expression of aggressive and antisocial behaviors. Recent studies with neuroimaging techniques show the crucial role of the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system, which are cerebral circuits in charge of affect regulation and the origins of impulsive aggressive behaviors. The importance of the functional balance of these regions is highlighted, as well as the role of impulsivity and abnormal affect control in the display of these behaviors. In addition, a view of differential underlying mechanisms of impulsive and premeditated aggression is supported. CONCLUSIONS: The study of the possible neuroanatomical and functional substrates of the impulsive aggressive behaviors, linked to the study of the psychosocial factors may be relevant from neuropsychological perspective. This comprehensive view may contribute to a better understanding of antisocial behavior.

Neuropsicología de la agresión impulsiva / Neuropsychology of impulsive aggression

Introducción. La alteración estructural y funcional de los circuitos cerebrales implicados en la modulación emocional está asociada a la aparición de conductas violentas. La hipofunción del córtex prefrontal, unida a la hiperactividad de las estructuras subcorticales, se vincula a la agresión de corte impulsivo. Objetivo. Revisar el estado actual de las investigaciones de neuroimagen sobre las posibles alteraciones en sujetos que presentan conductas violentas y antisociales, considerando las implicaciones para su prevención y tratamiento. Desarrollo. Cada vez existe mayor evidencia a favor de un correlato neuroanátomico que representaría un factor de vulnerabilidad en el desencadenamiento de conductas agresivas y antisociales. Recientes estudios empleando técnicas de neuroimagen muestran el papel crucial del córtex prefrontal y del sistema límbico, que son circuitos cerebrales encargados de la regulación emocional y de la génesis de comportamientos agresivos de carácter impulsivo. Se pone de manifiesto la importancia en el equilibrio funcional relativo de estas regiones y el papel de la impulsividad y el deficitario control emocional en la aparición de estas conductas. Asimismo, se aboga por la diferenciación entre agresión impulsiva y agresión premeditada, y la posible existencia de mecanismos subyacentes diferentes. Conclusiones. Desde la perspectiva de la neuropsicología es relevante el estudio de los posibles correlatos neuroanatómicos y funcionales de las conductas agresivas de carácter impulsivo, que, junto con la investigación de factores psicosociales, pueda aportar una visión integral que favorezca la comprensión de la conducta antisocial (AU)

Introduction. Structural and functional abnormalities of the cerebral circuits involved in affect regulation are associated with the display of violent behaviors. The prefrontal cortex hypofunction linked to the subcortical structural hyperactivity is related to impulsive aggression. Aim. To review the current state of the neuropsychological studies concerning the possible dysfunctions in individuals who show violent and antisocial behaviors, considering the contributions for prevention and treatment. Development. There is more and more evidence in favour of a neuroanatomical substrate which may represent a vulnerability factor in the expression of aggressive and antisocial behaviors. Recent studies with neuroimaging techniques show the crucial role of the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system, which are cerebral circuits in charge of affect regulation and the origins of impulsive aggressive behaviors. The importance of the functional balance of these regions is highlighted, as well as the role of impulsivity and abnormal affect control in the display of these behaviors. In addition, a view of differential underlying mechanisms of impulsive and premeditated aggression is supported. Conclusions. The study of the possible neuroanatomical and functional substrates of the impulsive aggressive behaviors, linked to the study of the psychosocial factors may be relevant from neuropsychological perspective. This comprehensive view may contribute to a better understanding of antisocial behavior (AU)