Combined Lifestyle Interventions in the Prevention and Management of Asthma and COPD: A Systematic Review.

(1) Background: A healthy lifestyle has a protective role against the onset and management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, combined lifestyle interventions (CLIs) are a potentially valuable prevention approach. This review aims to provide an overview of existing CLIs for the prevention and management of asthma or COPD. (2) Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycInfo. Studies were included if CLIs targeted at least two lifestyle factors. (3) Results: Among the 56 included studies, 9 addressed asthma and 47 addressed COPD management, with no studies focusing on prevention. For both conditions, the most prevalent combination of lifestyle targets was diet and physical activity (PA), often combined with smoking cessation in COPD. The studied CLIs led to improvements in quality of life, respiratory symptoms, body mass index/weight, and exercise capacity. Behavioural changes were only measured in a limited number of studies and mainly showed improvements in dietary intake and PA level. (4) Conclusions: CLIs are effective within asthma and COPD management. Next to optimising the content and implementation of CLIs, these positive results warrant paying more attention to CLIs for persons with an increased risk profile for these chronic respiratory diseases.

Nutrition in the prevention and management of sarcopenia - A special focus on Asian Indians.

Sarcopenia, characterized by loss of muscle mass and strength, is common in advanced old age but can be accelerated by chronic disease, malnutrition and physical inactivity. Early initiation of intervention to achieve and maintain a higher peak muscle mass and strength may allow for prevention or delay of sarcopenia and facilitate independent living even in old age. In this context, malnutrition, a significant contributor to sarcopenia, is often overlooked among the Indian population. Maintenance of an optimal energy and protein balance with adequate physical activity level is essential to preserve physical function in the aging population. However, research on the role of micronutrients in muscle maintenance, is still in its infancy. This narrative review, therefore, aims to explore the current status of International and Indian research on the role of nutrition in sarcopenia mitigation and the way forward.

Pulmonary Rehabilitation in the Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease among Asian Indians- Current Status and Moving Forward.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a significant public health concern in India with high prevalence and associated disability, morbidity, mortality. The progression of COPD is not confined to the lungs but includes extrapulmonary involvement that reduces the functional capacity and quality of life. Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) is an evidence-based intervention, targeting multiple domains of pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations, and therefore, is recommended as an integral part of COPD management. The practical implementation of PR in India is poor. In this review, we have summarized the latest pieces of evidence in support of PR and highlight the challenges and potential solutions for PR implementation in India.

Gut microbial dysbiosis as a limiting factor in the management of primary and secondary sarcopenia: an Asian Indian perspective.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The article summarizes recent research advances on the role of gut microbiome in primary and secondary sarcopenia. This article also explores the potential contribution of gut dysbiosis to suboptimal sarcopenia management with special focus on factors contributing to gut dysbiosis among Asian Indians. RECENT FINDINGS: Aging and chronic diseases contribute to gut dysbiosis and intestinal barrier dysfunction allowing enhanced microbial translocation that may negatively affect muscle strength, physical function, and frailty. Gut microbiome of Asian Indians has shown a unique composition that is affected by multiple factors, such as socioeconomic status, poor hygiene, high rate of infection and infestations, antibiotic overuse and transition towards a westernized eating pattern. Current management approach for sarcopenia (exercise and/or protein supplementation) fails to address gut dysbiosis and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Incorporating a prebiotic or probiotic element to the intervention strategy may improve gut dysbiosis, inflammation and muscle function. SUMMARY: Gut dysbiosis and intestinal barrier dysfunction appear to be a significant limitation in sarcopenia management, thus gut centric intervention may be perceived as a (co)intervention strategy to be tested in appropriate clinical trials.