ABSTRACT
(210)Po was estimated in the edible muscle and soft tissue of 15 different marine species (fish, crab, prawn and bivalve) collected from Trans-Thane Creek area (Trombay) and Thane. Potential risks associated with consumption of marine organisms due to (210)Po collected from this particular area to human beings were assessed. Estimation of (210)Po was carried out using radiochemical separation and alpha spectrometric technique. The concentration of (210)Po was found to vary from 0.18 to 10.9 Bqkg(-1) wet wt in different biota species and maximum concentrations were observed in bivalves. The variations in (210)Po concentration in different species are mainly due to difference in metabolism and feeding habits. The daily intake and individual dose of (210)Po to human beings through biota consumption was calculated and found to be 31.89 mBqd(-1) and 19.44 microSvyr(-1), respectively. An assessment of the risk on human beings due to consumption of marine organism was undertaken using carcinogenic slope factor for (210)Po. 5th, 50th and 95th percentile of life time risk was calculated to be 9.74E-06, 4.39E-05 and 2.12E-04, respectively.
Subject(s)
Food Contamination , Polonium/chemistry , Water Pollutants, Radioactive/chemistry , Animals , Bivalvia/chemistry , Brachyura/chemistry , Fishes/metabolism , Humans , India , RiskABSTRACT
Trace metals and organometals were estimated in different types of marine organisms (fish, bivalve, crab and prawn) collected from the Trans-Thane Creek area, Mumbai. Thane Creek area is considered as most polluted area due to industrial discharges. Potential risks associated with consumption of marine organisms collected from this particular area to human beings were assessed. Concentrations of ten trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the edible part of marine organisms were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometer and differential pulse anodic stripping voltametric technique. Methyl mercury and tributyl tin were estimated using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer in combination with solid phase micro extraction (SPME). An assessment of the risk on human beings due to consumption of marine organism was undertaken using toxic reference benchmark, namely the reference dose (RfD). The hazard index (HI), sum of hazard quotients calculated for all the pollutant showed that the risks from consumption of fish and marine organisms as a whole were generally low and are within safe limits.
Subject(s)
Fresh Water/analysis , Metals, Heavy/analysis , Organometallic Compounds/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Animals , Bivalvia/chemistry , Brachyura/chemistry , Fishes/metabolism , Food Chain , Humans , India , Metals, Heavy/pharmacokinetics , Organometallic Compounds/pharmacokinetics , Reference Standards , Risk Assessment , Volatilization , Water Pollutants, Chemical/pharmacokineticsABSTRACT
The trace element contents of five varieties of instant coffee powder available in the Indian market have been analysed. Ca, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Sr, Zn and Pb, Cd, Cu have been determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry, respectively. The metal levels in the coffee powders observed in this study are comparable with those reported for green coffe beans (Arabica and Robusta variety) reported worldwide with the exception of Sr and Zn, which were on the lower side of the reported values. Concentrations of these metals have been converted into intake figures based on coffee consumption. The daily intakes of the above metals through ingestion of coffee are 1.4 mg, 1.58 microg, 124 microg, 41.5 mg, 4.9 mg, 17.9 microg, 2.9 microg, 3.8 microg, 12.5 microg, 0.2 microg, 0.03 microg and 15.5 microg, respectively. The values, which were compared with the total dietary, intake of metals through ingestion by the Mumbai population, indicate that the contribution from coffee is less than or around 1% for most of the elements except for Cr and Ni which are around 3%.